{"id":12821,"date":"2020-11-24T09:26:46","date_gmt":"2020-11-24T02:26:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/antoanthongtinhaiphong.gov.vn\/?p=12821"},"modified":"2024-08-28T15:28:17","modified_gmt":"2024-08-28T08:28:17","slug":"doi-net-ve-tan-cong-tiem-loi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/antoanthongtinhaiphong.gov.vn\/doi-net-ve-tan-cong-tiem-loi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u00f4i n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i"},"content":{"rendered":"
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C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u1eadt m\u00e3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb th\u00f4ng minh. B\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebb th\u00f4ng minh.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i hay ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i v\u00f4 \u00fd hay c\u1ed1 \u00fd trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u1eadt m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7u ra sau khi b\u1ecb g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch truy xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f3a b\u00ed m\u1eadt [1]. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f3a m\u1eadt m\u00e3, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n hay giao th\u1ee9c m\u1eadt m\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a m\u1eadt m\u00e3 t\u0129nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ebb th\u00f4ng minh, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Boneh, Demillo v\u00e0 Lipton xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1996 [2]. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1edbi ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ebb th\u00f4ng minh, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1eadt m\u00e3 trong s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y ban \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a RSA v\u00e0 Fiat-Shamir. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong b\u00e0i b\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a. T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang tr\u00ean th\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o m\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u1ebb c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua x\u00e1c minh m\u00e3 PIN ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf qua th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c thi t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u1ea3o th\u1ebb Java.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2001, Skorobogatov v\u00e0 Anderson \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng photoflash. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadt m\u1ed9t bit trong \u00f4 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con chip c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 [3]. B\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y, m\u1ecdi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u1ebb th\u00f4ng minh, g\u00e2y nguy c\u01a1 m\u1ea5t an to\u00e0n th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nhanh h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o\u00a0trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng k\u00eanh k\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n (simple power analysis \u2013 SPA), ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi sai (differential power analysis \u2013 DPA) hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb (electromagnetic analysis \u2013 EMA). V\u00ed d\u1ee5, k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 m\u1eadt m\u00e3 RSA-CRT, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DES) ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00e3 h\u00f3a n\u00e2ng cao (AES). M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i, b\u00e0i b\u00e1o\u00a0s\u1ebd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0nh vi l\u1ed7i trong th\u1ebb th\u00f4ng minh l\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cung c\u1ea5p cho m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb [4]. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u sai ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb CPU, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecdc sai d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u0103ng qu\u00e1 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c l\u00e2u s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00ec k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Ng\u00e0y nay, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1ebb th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i l\u00e0m r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 th\u00f4ng tin b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do kh\u1edfi ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u0129a SMART ho\u1eb7c theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb do qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t [5].<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean trong c\u00e1c \u00f4 RAM ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ghi kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u00eanh thu\u1ed9c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 kh\u00f3a b\u00ed m\u1eadt (kho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0i tr\u0103m bit) c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1ebb th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u00e1y d\u00f2 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4 nh\u1edb trong RAM v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y d\u00f2.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2000 b\u1edfi Skorobogatov v\u00e0 Anderson, cho \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i,\u00a0\u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi\u00a0l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng k\u00eanh k\u1ec1. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb [6]. V\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng do hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n, k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n do photon t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n silicon c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con chip. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u00e1n x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n, v\u00ec v\u1eady chip r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8n flash c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ebb th\u00f4ng minh. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t r\u1ebb, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n flash ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e8n flash c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e8n flash r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e8n laser c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y v\u00ec n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1ebb th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m ch\u1eafn kim lo\u1ea1i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng tia laser v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t sau c\u1ee7a chip, n\u01a1i th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 xung t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh g\u1ea7n silicon, c\u00e1c t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 mong mu\u1ed1n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y kim qu\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn, cho d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua d\u00e2y d\u1eabn t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 b\u00e1n x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n [7].<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e2y kim ph\u1ea3i c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n silicon c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t v\u00ec l\u1edbp nh\u1ef1a ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0: c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean chip. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng cao s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y d\u00e2y d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i v\u1eabn \u0111ang ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean cho gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb\u00a0v<\/em>:<\/p>\n

vm<\/sub>\u00a0= v\u00a0x m\u00a0(1)<\/em><\/p>\n

v\u1edbi\u00a0v<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed,\u00a0vm<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed,\u00a0m<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u1eefa l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e0ng gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 kh\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chip \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00f3a t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, sao cho gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y m\u00e3 PIN, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea7n chip nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: l\u1ed7i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

L\u1ed7i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00f4 trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (EEPROM) ho\u1eb7c RAM) ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 (EEPROM) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb khi kh\u00f3a b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u00f4 logic c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf m\u00e3 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb trong th\u1ebb th\u00f4ng minh hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

L\u1ed7i t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Khi b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ed7i t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, khi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i h\u00e0nh vi ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb khi \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c khi b\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch do l\u1ed7i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ec7nh th\u1ef1c thi ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Do v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua, m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb sai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm n\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfm ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi k\u1ebb th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 v\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nguy c\u01a1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro do ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t nghi\u00eam t\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \n
  1. S. Dawson, F. Jahanian, and T. Mitton, “ORCHESTRA: A Probing and Fault Injection Environment for Testing Protocol Implementations,” presented at International Computer Performance and Dependability Symposium, Urbana-Champaign, USA, 1996.<\/li>\n
  2. D. Boneh, R.A. DeMillo, and R.J. Lipton. On the Importance of Checking Cryptographic Protocols for Faults. In W. Fumy, editor, Advances in Cryptology \u2013 EUROCRYPT \u201997, volume 1233 of LNCS, pages 37\u201351. Springer-Verlag, 1997.<\/li>\n
  3. S. Skorobogatov and R. Anderson. Optical Fault Induction Attack. In B. Kaliski Jr., C\u00b8.K. Ko\u00b8c, and C. Paar, editors, Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems \u2013 CHES 2002, volume 2523 of LNCS, pages 2\u201312. Springer, 2002.<\/li>\n
  4. E. Dottax. Fault Attacks on NESSIE Signature and Identification Schemes. Technical report, NESSIE, Available from https:\/\/www.cosic.esat.kuleuven. ac.be\/nessie\/reports\/phase2\/SideChan\\_1.pdf, October 2002.<\/li>\n
  5. C.-N. Chen and S.-M. Yen. Differential Fault Analysis on AES Key Schedule and Some Countermeasures. In R. Safavi-Naini and J. Seberry, editors, Information Security and Privacy – 8th Australasian Conference \u2013 ACISP 2003, volume 2727 of LNCS, pages 118\u2013129. Springer-Verlag, 2003.<\/li>\n
  6. F. Beck. Integrated Circuit Failure Analysis \u2013 A Guide to Preparation Techniques. Wiley, 1998.<\/li>\n
  7. D. Samyde, S. Skorobogatov, R. Anderson, and J.-J. Quisquater. On a New Way to Read Data from Memory. In First International IEEE Security in Storage Workshop, pages 65\u201369. IEEE Computer Society, 2002.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
    \n

    TS. Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n T\u1edbi<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ti\u00eam l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u1eadt m\u00e3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb th\u00f4ng minh. B\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12821","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-kien-thuc-an-toan-thong-tin"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/antoanthongtinhaiphong.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12821","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/antoanthongtinhaiphong.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/antoanthongtinhaiphong.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antoanthongtinhaiphong.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antoanthongtinhaiphong.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12821"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/antoanthongtinhaiphong.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12821\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44475,"href":"https:\/\/antoanthongtinhaiphong.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12821\/revisions\/44475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/antoanthongtinhaiphong.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12821"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antoanthongtinhaiphong.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12821"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/antoanthongtinhaiphong.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12821"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}