![\"\"](\"https:\/\/nafosted.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptcn.png\")
<\/a><\/p>\nH\u00ecnh 1: B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 khu v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ven bi\u1ec3n Nam B\u1ed9. H\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ecf (tr\u00e1i) th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long (\u0110BSCL) \u1edf h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng M\u00ea C\u00f4ng<\/p>\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n Nam B\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng (m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch b\u1edfi dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng, thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u, kh\u00e1ng sinh, vi nh\u1ef1a…) h\u01a1n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn b\u1ecf ng\u1ecf: V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ea3i (n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u2026) v\u00e0o t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau? Nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o chi ph\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n hay t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch? \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f9a m\u01b0a \u2013 m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea1m vi lan truy\u1ec1n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m? V\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nguy hi\u1ec3m sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u \u2013 li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 hay ch\u01b0a? Nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc do PGS.TS. Tri\u1ec7u \u00c1nh Ng\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u201cNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, t\u00edch t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n ven b\u1edd t\u1eeb V\u0169ng T\u00e0u t\u1edbi Ki\u00ean Giang\u201d \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng phu trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2021\u20132025. \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111a ng\u00e0nh, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eb1m \u201cgi\u1ea3i m\u00e3\u201d b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ven bi\u1ec3n Nam B\u1ed9. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba, thu th\u1eadp h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m m\u1eabu n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch v\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng, v\u00f9ng ven b\u1edd v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n b\u1edd, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed1i t\u00e2n: ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb b\u1ec1n (\u03b4\u00b9\u2075N, \u03b4\u00b9\u00b3C trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nit\u01a1, carbon; t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u00b2\u2070\u2076Pb\/\u00b2\u2070\u2077Pb trong ch\u00ec) \u0111\u1ec3 truy t\u00ecm d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u2013 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc 3 chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lan truy\u1ec1n trong c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau. Song song \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 to\u00e1n MixSIAR (m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed9n Bayesian) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng qua d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ee7y v\u0103n \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u cho v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u00f5 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i sinh ho\u1ea1t hay ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u03b4\u00b9\u2075N v\u00e0 \u03b4\u00b9\u00b3C. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t khung nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, v\u1eeba truy nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf lan truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n
K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda chi ti\u1ebft c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n ven b\u1edd Nam B\u1ed9. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 \u201ck\u00eanh d\u1eabn\u201d ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0a ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n ra bi\u1ec3n. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng, khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0169 gi\u00e0u ph\u00f9 sa mang theo nitrat, phosphate \u0111\u1ed5 ra c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn (nh\u01b0 C\u1eeda \u0110\u1ea1i, Cung H\u1ea7u, Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ec1…). Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ra xa b\u1edd, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00fa d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ven bi\u1ec3n sau m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ee3t l\u0169. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0o m\u00f9a kh\u00f4, l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00f4ng suy gi\u1ea3m, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong v\u00f9ng c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng \u2013 ven bi\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft (Fe) v\u00e0 ch\u00ec (Pb) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn t\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1eabu n\u01b0\u1edbc ven b\u1edd, do n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u1ee3 b\u1ecb bay h\u01a1i l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 kim lo\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t m\u00f9a v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd: m\u00f9a m\u01b0a t\u1ed5ng t\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ra bi\u1ec3n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng do pha lo\u00e3ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u00ean n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n; trong khi m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 t\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i cao h\u01a1n, g\u00e2y nguy c\u01a1 m\u00e3n t\u00ednh cho sinh v\u1eadt v\u00f9ng c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch trong c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u01b0u gi\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. Tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch l\u01a1 l\u1eedng (ph\u00f9 sa) v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch \u0111\u00e1y t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u201cb\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi\u201d t\u00edch t\u1ee5 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00f4ng gian b\u1eb1ng GIS cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 C\u1eeda \u0110\u1ea1i, H\u00e0m Lu\u00f4ng, Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ec1 c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t Fe, Pb, Zn) cao nh\u1ea5t, do ph\u00f9 sa gi\u00e0u kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. Khi th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 b\u00e3o, s\u00f3ng l\u1edbn, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb t\u00e1i huy \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch v\u00e0o c\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc, khi\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n g\u1ea7n b\u1edd th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kim lo\u1ea1i. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eabu n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 thu \u1edf B\u1ebfn Tre hay R\u1ea1ch Gi\u00e1 v\u1eabn ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kim lo\u1ea1i cao, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu kh\u00e1 xa b\u1edd. Ngo\u00e0i ra, tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch gi\u00e0u ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7m ph\u00e1, r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh Hg (th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n) d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng methyl h\u00f3a, k\u00e9o Hg ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch \u0111\u00e1y v\u1eeba l\u00e0 b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi cho n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n
H\u00ecnh 2: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, t\u00edch t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ven bi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb V\u0169ng T\u00e0u \u0111\u1ebfn Ki\u00ean Giang, minh h\u1ecda t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111a chi\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u0103n ch\u1ee9a (n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt s\u00f4ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3 v\u00f9ng c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch v\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt)<\/p>\n \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 T-N (t\u1ed5ng nit\u01a1) v\u00e0 T-P (t\u1ed5ng phosphor) \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u v\u01b0\u1ee3t quy chu\u1ea9n cho ph\u00e9p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f9a m\u01b0a. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb \u03b4\u00b9\u2075N v\u00e0 \u03b4\u00b9\u00b3C ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (ch\u1ee9a nitrat, phosphate), ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n (th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u1eeba ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y) v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i sinh ho\u1ea1t ch\u01b0a x\u1eed l\u00fd. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 An Giang, \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o t\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nit\u01a1 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi ~55% trong m\u00f9a m\u01b0a. Dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba l\u00e0m b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 t\u1ea3o v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ph\u00f9 du ven bi\u1ec3n, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00fa d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn suy gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 oxy h\u00f2a tan, l\u00e0m suy tho\u00e1i h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i (ch\u1ebft san h\u00f4, c\u1ecf bi\u1ec3n) v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00f9 du \u2013 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1eaft x\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng trong chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n t\u1eadp trung (\u0111\u1ea7m t\u00f4m, c\u00e1) ven bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1edf hoa\u201d (m\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n xanh l\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecf n\u00e2u do t\u1ea3o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c), b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u m\u1ee9c dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111e d\u1ecda ng\u00e0nh nu\u00f4i th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 c\u00e1 ven b\u1edd, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe n\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 t\u1eeb t\u1ea3o lam, t\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ecf.<\/p>\n V\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 arsen (As), ch\u00ec (Pb), k\u1ebdm (Zn), \u0111\u1ed3ng (Cu), cadmi (Cd) v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n (Hg) trong m\u1eabu n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u kim lo\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u01b0\u1ee3t nh\u1eb9 quy chu\u1ea9n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u201c\u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng\u201d g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ven bi\u1ec3n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ea3ng C\u00e1t L\u00e1i \u2013 TP. V\u0169ng T\u00e0u, c\u1ea3ng Tr\u00e0 N\u00f3c \u2013 C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1, v\u1ecbnh R\u1ea1ch Gi\u00e1 \u2013 Ki\u00ean Giang), h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Pb, Zn, Cu \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cao g\u1ea5p 2\u20133 l\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng kh\u00e1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u1eabn nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb ch\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ra ch\u1eef k\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eabu: c\u00e1c khu ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n, luy\u1ec7n kim, xi m\u0103ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y th\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u Pb, Zn, Cu; b\u1ee5i kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u00f2 nung c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ch\u00ec v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u00b2\u2070\u2076Pb\/\u00b2\u2070\u2077Pb ~1,16 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng x\u0103ng pha ch\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 sa gi\u00e0u ph\u00e8n chua t\u1ea1i \u0110BSCL gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn Fe, Al t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean khi b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n trong m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eaft trong s\u00f4ng H\u1eadu v\u00e0 ven bi\u1ec3n Ki\u00ean Giang (c\u00f3 m\u1eabu \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Fe ~1,69\u00a0mg\/L, cao h\u01a1n n\u1ec1n khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c). M\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch: d\u1ea7u th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 s\u01a1n ch\u1ed1ng h\u00e0 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng t\u00e0u (nh\u01b0 T\u1eafc C\u1eadu, Ph\u00fa Qu\u1ed1c) l\u00e0m t\u0103ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 Cu, Zn, Pb \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n quanh c\u1ea3ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n Nam B\u1ed9 ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed9ng g\u1ed9p t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n \u2013 c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Kim lo\u1ea1i t\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1y, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn sinh c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1y (nh\u01b0 giun nhi\u1ec1u t\u01a1, nhuy\u1ec5n th\u1ec3 hai m\u1ea3nh v\u1ecf). H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Pb, Cd, Hg cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00f9 du v\u00e0 th\u00e2n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e1y \u2013 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf quan tr\u1eafc t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7m nu\u00f4i g\u1ea7n Ph\u00fa Qu\u1ed1c cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y \u0111ang b\u1ecb suy tho\u00e1i, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh t\u00edch l\u0169y t\u1eeb kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed5 ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. Nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n, kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng t\u00edch l\u0169y sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i qua chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 l\u1edbn, t\u00f4m cua v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa bi\u1ec3n (nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 heo) c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00edch t\u1ee5 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 Hg, Pb cao g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi sinh v\u1eadt b\u1eadc th\u1ea5p. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n d\u1ea1ng monomethyl (MMHg) t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong m\u00f4 c\u00e1 bi\u1ec3n g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u1eeb Hg v\u00f4 c\u01a1 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 ven bi\u1ec3n Nam B\u1ed9 v\u1ed1n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1edbn v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n l\u00e0m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u00e1, t\u00f4m, s\u00f2 nhi\u1ec5m kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh m\u00e3n t\u00ednh nguy hi\u1ec3m. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 ch\u00ec v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n khi t\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea7n kinh, suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 ung th\u01b0. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ed3i chu\u00f4ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi nh\u1eb1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng, t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n Nam B\u1ed9. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf lan truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n V\u0169ng T\u00e0u \u2013 Ki\u00ean Giang. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f2n truy xu\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ch\u00ednh: n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o g\u00e2y ph\u00fa d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, trong khi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kim lo\u1ea1i. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Bayesian v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ea3i \u2013 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a cho l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1i huy \u0111\u1ed9ng kim lo\u1ea1i do th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u, t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa \u03b4\u00b9\u2075N v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n\/nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng, v.v.) kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mang gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n V\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n Nam B\u1ed9. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, c\u1ea7n s\u1edbm thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi quan tr\u1eafc li\u00ean t\u1ec9nh d\u1ecdc b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb V\u0169ng T\u00e0u \u0111\u1ebfn Ki\u00ean Giang v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m (c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng, khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00f9ng nu\u00f4i th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n). Vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1eafc c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u1edbm khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. Song song \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf \u0110BSCL (C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1, Long Xuy\u00ean, R\u1ea1ch Gi\u00e1\u2026). C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u00eam c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u1eed dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng N, P v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng, vi nh\u1ef1a, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 b\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1ea3 th\u1ea3i. V\u1ec1 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00f9ng b\u1edd (ICZM) cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1ea3i ven bi\u1ec3n Nam B\u1ed9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ec9nh trong quy ho\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec7m (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n \u1edf B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau, C\u00e0 Mau) nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u201cl\u00e1 ch\u1eafn sinh th\u00e1i\u201d gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu c\u01a1 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n x\u1ea3 th\u1ea3i s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t huy hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n H\u00ecnh 3: B\u1ed9 CSDL \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o, c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n Sau ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u01a1n 3 n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf lan truy\u1ec1n, t\u00edch t\u1ee5 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n Nam B\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gi\u00f3ng l\u00ean h\u1ed3i chu\u00f4ng c\u1ea3nh t\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i nguy \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, qua \u0111\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi nh\u1eb1m gi\u1eef g\u00ecn d\u1ea3i ven bi\u1ec3n gi\u00e0u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n qu\u00fd gi\u00e1, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng kinh t\u1ebf bi\u1ec3n trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 n\u00e9t.<\/p>\n PGS.TS. Tri\u1ec7u \u00c1nh Ng\u1ecdc <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Ph\u00e2n hi\u1ec7u Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" V\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n ven b\u1edd t\u1eeb V\u0169ng T\u00e0u t\u1edbi Ki\u00ean Giang l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf \u2013 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau \u2013 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng (nh\u01b0 nit\u01a1, phosphor) v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng (nh\u01b0 ch\u00ec, k\u1ebdm, \u0111\u1ed3ng). S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2m canh, nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5 ra s\u00f4ng, k\u00eanh r\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ea3y ra bi\u1ec3n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch ven bi\u1ec3n Nam B\u1ed9 suy gi\u1ea3m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ven b\u1edd, t\u1eeb r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n, \u0111\u1ea7m ph\u00e1 cho t\u1edbi c\u00e1c r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 c\u1eadn b\u1edd. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn sinh k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, khu v\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n Nam B\u1ed9 c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai. Hai d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00f9 sa v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n km\u00b2 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i qua nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u01b0a l\u0169 v\u00e0 m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp m\u1eb7n gia t\u0103ng, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ef1c \u0111oan \u2013 nh\u01b0 m\u01b0a l\u1edbn, l\u0169 l\u1ee5t hay h\u1ea1n m\u1eb7n \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00fa d\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi \u201cth\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecf\u201d (t\u1ea3o n\u1edf hoa) g\u00e2y thi\u1ebfu oxy c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c trong m\u00f9a kh\u00f4. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m r\u00f5: c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ra sao, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong v\u00f9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u00ecnh 1: B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 khu v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ven bi\u1ec3n Nam B\u1ed9. H\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ecf (tr\u00e1i) th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long (\u0110BSCL) \u1edf h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng M\u00ea C\u00f4ng M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n Nam B\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng (m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch b\u1edfi dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng, thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u, kh\u00e1ng sinh, vi nh\u1ef1a…) h\u01a1n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn b\u1ecf ng\u1ecf: V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ea3i (n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u2026) v\u00e0o t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau? Nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o chi ph\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n hay t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch? \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f9a m\u01b0a \u2013 m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea1m vi lan truy\u1ec1n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m? V\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nguy hi\u1ec3m sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u \u2013 li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 hay ch\u01b0a? Nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc do PGS.TS. Tri\u1ec7u \u00c1nh Ng\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u201cNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, t\u00edch t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n ven b\u1edd t\u1eeb V\u0169ng T\u00e0u t\u1edbi Ki\u00ean Giang\u201d \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng phu trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2021\u20132025. \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111a ng\u00e0nh, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eb1m \u201cgi\u1ea3i m\u00e3\u201d b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ven bi\u1ec3n Nam B\u1ed9. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba, thu th\u1eadp h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m m\u1eabu n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch v\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng, v\u00f9ng ven b\u1edd v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n b\u1edd, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed1i t\u00e2n: ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb b\u1ec1n (\u03b4\u00b9\u2075N, \u03b4\u00b9\u00b3C trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nit\u01a1, carbon; t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u00b2\u2070\u2076Pb\/\u00b2\u2070\u2077Pb trong ch\u00ec) \u0111\u1ec3 truy t\u00ecm d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u2013 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc 3 chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lan truy\u1ec1n trong c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau. Song song \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 to\u00e1n MixSIAR (m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed9n Bayesian) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng qua d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ee7y v\u0103n \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u cho v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u00f5 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i sinh ho\u1ea1t hay ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u03b4\u00b9\u2075N v\u00e0 \u03b4\u00b9\u00b3C. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t khung nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, v\u1eeba truy nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf lan truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda chi ti\u1ebft c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n ven b\u1edd Nam B\u1ed9. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3ng vai<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15866,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15864","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ket-qua-tai-tro-noi-bat"],"magazineBlocksPostFeaturedMedia":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/nafosted.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptcn1-278x190.png","medium":"https:\/\/nafosted.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptcn1-556x322.png","medium_large":"https:\/\/nafosted.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptcn1-768x445.png","large":"https:\/\/nafosted.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptcn1-1024x593.png","1536x1536":"https:\/\/nafosted.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptcn1.png","2048x2048":"https:\/\/nafosted.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptcn1.png","cvmm-medium":"https:\/\/nafosted.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptcn1-300x300.png","cvmm-medium-plus":"https:\/\/nafosted.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptcn1-305x207.png","cvmm-portrait":"https:\/\/nafosted.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptcn1-400x600.png","cvmm-medium-square":"https:\/\/nafosted.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptcn1-600x600.png","cvmm-large":"https:\/\/nafosted.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptcn1-1024x856.png","cvmm-small":"https:\/\/nafosted.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptcn1-130x95.png","400x250-crop":"https:\/\/nafosted.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptcn1-400x250.png","htmagazine_grid":"https:\/\/nafosted.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptcn1-640x218.png"},"magazineBlocksPostAuthor":{"name":"admin","avatar":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/01be2b7eaa21fe4e25b709d19349c0fb?s=96&d=mm&r=g"},"magazineBlocksPostCommentsNumber":"0","magazineBlocksPostExcerpt":"V\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n ven b\u1edd t\u1eeb V\u0169ng T\u00e0u t\u1edbi Ki\u00ean Giang l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf \u2013 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau \u2013 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng (nh\u01b0 nit\u01a1, phosphor) v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng (nh\u01b0 ch\u00ec, k\u1ebdm, \u0111\u1ed3ng). S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2m canh, nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5 ra s\u00f4ng, k\u00eanh r\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ea3y ra bi\u1ec3n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch ven bi\u1ec3n Nam B\u1ed9 suy gi\u1ea3m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ven b\u1edd, t\u1eeb r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n, \u0111\u1ea7m ph\u00e1 cho t\u1edbi c\u00e1c r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 c\u1eadn b\u1edd. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn sinh k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, khu v\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n Nam B\u1ed9 c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai. Hai d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00f9 sa v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n km\u00b2 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i qua nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u01b0a l\u0169 v\u00e0 m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp m\u1eb7n gia t\u0103ng, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ef1c \u0111oan \u2013 nh\u01b0 m\u01b0a l\u1edbn, l\u0169 l\u1ee5t hay h\u1ea1n m\u1eb7n \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00fa d\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi \u201cth\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecf\u201d (t\u1ea3o n\u1edf hoa) g\u00e2y thi\u1ebfu oxy c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c trong m\u00f9a kh\u00f4. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m r\u00f5: c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ra sao, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong v\u00f9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u00ecnh 1: B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 khu v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ven bi\u1ec3n Nam B\u1ed9. H\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ecf (tr\u00e1i) th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long (\u0110BSCL) \u1edf h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng M\u00ea C\u00f4ng M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n Nam B\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng (m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch b\u1edfi dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng, thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u, kh\u00e1ng sinh, vi nh\u1ef1a…) h\u01a1n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn b\u1ecf ng\u1ecf: V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ea3i (n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u2026) v\u00e0o t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau? Nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o chi ph\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n hay t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch? \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f9a m\u01b0a \u2013 m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea1m vi lan truy\u1ec1n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m? V\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nguy hi\u1ec3m sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u \u2013 li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 hay ch\u01b0a? Nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc do PGS.TS. Tri\u1ec7u \u00c1nh Ng\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u201cNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, t\u00edch t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n ven b\u1edd t\u1eeb V\u0169ng T\u00e0u t\u1edbi Ki\u00ean Giang\u201d \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng phu trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2021\u20132025. \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111a ng\u00e0nh, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eb1m \u201cgi\u1ea3i m\u00e3\u201d b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ven bi\u1ec3n Nam B\u1ed9. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba, thu th\u1eadp h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m m\u1eabu n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch v\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng, v\u00f9ng ven b\u1edd v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n b\u1edd, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed1i t\u00e2n: ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb b\u1ec1n (\u03b4\u00b9\u2075N, \u03b4\u00b9\u00b3C trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nit\u01a1, carbon; t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u00b2\u2070\u2076Pb\/\u00b2\u2070\u2077Pb trong ch\u00ec) \u0111\u1ec3 truy t\u00ecm d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u2013 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc 3 chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lan truy\u1ec1n trong c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau. Song song \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 to\u00e1n MixSIAR (m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed9n Bayesian) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng qua d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ee7y v\u0103n \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u cho v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u00f5 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i sinh ho\u1ea1t hay ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u03b4\u00b9\u2075N v\u00e0 \u03b4\u00b9\u00b3C. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t khung nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, v\u1eeba truy nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf lan truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda chi ti\u1ebft c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n ven b\u1edd Nam B\u1ed9. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3ng vai","magazineBlocksPostCategories":["K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt"],"magazineBlocksPostViewCount":5178,"magazineBlocksPostReadTime":29,"magazine_blocks_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/nafosted.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptcn1.png",1478,856,false],"medium":["https:\/\/nafosted.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptcn1-556x322.png",556,322,true],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/nafosted.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptcn1-278x190.png",278,190,true]},"magazine_blocks_author":{"display_name":"admin","author_link":"https:\/\/nafosted.gov.vn\/author\/admin\/"},"magazine_blocks_comment":16,"magazine_blocks_author_image":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/01be2b7eaa21fe4e25b709d19349c0fb?s=96&d=mm&r=g","magazine_blocks_category":"K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/a>","yoast_head":"\r\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/nafosted.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptcn1.png\")
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