{"id":1209,"date":"2015-10-15T08:06:17","date_gmt":"2015-10-15T01:06:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/antoansinhhoc.vn\/?p=1209"},"modified":"2015-10-15T08:06:17","modified_gmt":"2015-10-15T01:06:17","slug":"cac-nha-nghien-cuu-tim-ra-co-che-moi-phuc-hoi-adn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/cac-nha-nghien-cuu-tim-ra-co-che-moi-phuc-hoi-adn\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ecm ra c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf m\u1edbi ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ADN"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"TomTat clearfix\"><span id=\"ArticalDetail1_lblTeaser\" class=\"OverollContentDesc\">Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ADN kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc g\u00e2y ra t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ADN \u1edf c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ADN, ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ADN, l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"NoiDungBai\">\n<div>Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u do GS.Vasily M. Studitsky thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c gia Lomonosov, Maxc\u01a1va d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf m\u1edbi ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ADN, m\u1edf ra tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng m\u1edbi cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a th\u1ea7n kinh. B\u00e0i b\u00e1o m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Science Advances c\u1ee7a AAAS.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Theo Vasily M. Studitsky, \u1edf c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt b\u1eadc cao h\u01a1n, ADN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c protein trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n (nucleosome). C\u00e1c th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 200 c\u1eb7p baz\u01a1, g\u1ed3m 8 protein histone gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng su\u1ed1t, cu\u1ed9n quanh chu\u1ed7i xo\u1eafn k\u00e9p ADN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea5n th\u00e0nh hai v\u00f2ng xo\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t. Ph\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i xo\u1eafn ADN b\u1ecb \u1ea9n do n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c histone. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 gen c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ADN d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng hai m\u00e9t n\u1eb1m g\u1ecdn trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o si\u00eau nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c enzyme s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa (c\u00e1c protein c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u201cs\u1eeda ch\u1eefa\u201d c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng AND b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng) kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ADN. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ADN kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 sinh ra c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a th\u1ea7n kinh, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh Alzheimer.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 s\u1ee3i \u0111\u01a1n AND b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nucleotide tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ADN li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c histone.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Trong c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p protein, th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi th\u00e0nh m\u00e3 di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>S\u1ee3i ADN m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp trong h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i do ADN nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong hai b\u1ea3n sao. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi c\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p protein c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf ADN xo\u1eafn b\u1ecb du\u1ed7i ra, hai s\u1ee3i t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi ra v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac protein c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i ADN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ARN, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed s\u1ee3i \u0111\u01a1n. Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed mARN c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra protein, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ed5 sung nhau: m\u1ed7i c\u1eb7p nucleotide t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p kh\u00e1c.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh phi\u00ean m\u00e3 th\u00f4ng tin (ghi l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ARN), enzyme ARN polymerase di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i ADN v\u00e0 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i khi n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9t. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 so\u00e1t l\u1ed7i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, ARN polymerase sau khi d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c enzyme ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c ARN polymerase kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t tr\u00ean s\u1ee3i ADN kh\u00e1c.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Vasily M. Studitsky cho bi\u1ebft, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m, vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i ADN kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb \u201c\u1ea9n\u201d trong c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Theo gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i di\u1ec5n ra nh\u1edd qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng ADN nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ADN th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ea5n quanh \u201c\u1ed1ng\u201d histone r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t. C\u00e1c v\u00f2ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khi ADN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9n l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi polymerase. Polymerase ARN c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cb\u00f2\u201d d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng ADN c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng ADN kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 histone, tuy nhi\u00ean khi n\u00f3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m AND b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t, n\u00f3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ADN.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9t \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ARN polymerase d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00f2ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a enzyme. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i m\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ADN.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ADN ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf ADN kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 histone. Tuy nhi\u00ean, GS. Vasily M. Studitsky v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m du\u1ed7i ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1c \u201ccu\u1ed9n\u201d ADN. C\u00e1c histone \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y khi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1edfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n protein \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3a t\u00f4-p\u00f4 (topological locks), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 enzyme n\u00e0o d\u1ecdc theo ADN khi n\u00f3 g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Vasily Studitsky k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, v\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh khoa h\u1ecdc \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i m\u1edbi h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh. Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u00e0m polymerase ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c histone. N\u1ebfu m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u1edbn h\u01a1n th\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean, do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ADN kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc g\u00e2y ra t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ADN \u1edf c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ADN, ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ADN, l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6315,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1209"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1209"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1209\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6315"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1209"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1209"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1209"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}