{"id":1445,"date":"2015-05-02T08:57:19","date_gmt":"2015-05-02T01:57:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/antoansinhhoc.vn\/?p=1445"},"modified":"2015-05-02T08:57:19","modified_gmt":"2015-05-02T01:57:19","slug":"cac-nha-khoa-hoc-su-dung-rna-de-tieu-diet-loai-bo-canh-cung-gay-hai-tren-cay-khoai-tay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/cac-nha-khoa-hoc-su-dung-rna-de-tieu-diet-loai-bo-canh-cung-gay-hai-tren-cay-khoai-tay\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng RNA \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t lo\u00e0i b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u00e2y khoai t\u00e2y"},"content":{"rendered":"
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B\u1ecd khoai t\u00e2y Colorado l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh tr\u1ed3ng khoai t\u00e2y tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00ec lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng khoai t\u00e2y, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Tuy nhi\u00ean, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00ec s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7n Max Planck t\u1ea1i Potsdam-Golm \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y khoai t\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng qua bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p RNA (RNAi). H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gien c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y khoai t\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y t\u00edch l\u0169y m\u1ea1ch k\u00e9p RNA (dsRNAs) nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i lo\u00e0i b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

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Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p RNA (RNAi) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a gien t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. \u1ede th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, n\u1ea5m v\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i virut n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh, nhi\u1ec1u virut g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i k\u00e9p RNA (dsRNA). S\u1ef1 sao ch\u00e9p RNA virut d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c RNA m\u1ea1ch k\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RNAi c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u1eaft nh\u1ecf ra th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh RNA nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 siRNAs. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng siRNAs \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c RNA b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/div>\n
Nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf RNAi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gien mong mu\u1ed1n n\u00e0o th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i RNA m\u1ea1ch k\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o gien mRNA (mRNA). Khi c\u00e1c mRNA m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c protein \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t gien c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u00e2u h\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn dsRNA th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/div>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gien b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 gien h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t RNA m\u1ea1ch k\u00e9p ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ralph Bock cho bi\u1ebft: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RNAi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng RNA m\u1ea1ch k\u00e9p. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t RNA m\u1ea1ch k\u00e9p trong l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p thay th\u1ebf”. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p s\u1ebd t\u00edch l\u0169y m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c RNA m\u1ea1ch k\u00e9p, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc trong nh\u00f3m Ralph Bock \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1o ra gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 gien c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i di truy\u1ec1n thay v\u00ec b\u1ed9 gien h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/div>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn lo\u00e0i b\u1ecd khoai t\u00e2y Colorado. Lo\u00e0i b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 19. Ng\u00e0y nay, lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1i n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0103n c\u00e1c c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 c\u00e0 chua, \u1edbt chu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1. Lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00ec ch\u00fang h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u. Ralph Bock cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cB\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ea1o ra gi\u1ed1ng khoai t\u00e2y t\u00edch l\u0169y m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dsRNAs \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00e1c gien \u1edf b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng\u201d.<\/div>\n
T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c dsRNAs nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Max Planck. \u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng l\u00e1 khoai t\u00e2y v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i trong 9 ng\u00e0y. C\u00e1c l\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb gi\u1ed1ng khoai t\u00e2y RNA m\u1ea1ch k\u00e9p, gi\u1ed1ng khoai t\u00e2y chuy\u1ec3n gien RNA c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch k\u00e9p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 gien h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng khoai t\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gien. \u0110\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh, dsRNAs nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau hai gien kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Sher Afzal Khan cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cL\u00e1 c\u00e2y khoai t\u00e2y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t RNA m\u1ea1ch k\u00e9p khi\u1ebfn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ebft \u1edf b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 100% sau 5 ng\u00e0y cho \u0103n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c c\u00e2y khoai t\u00e2y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gien bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ecd c\u00e1nh c\u1ee9ng\u201d.<\/div>\n
Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 gien c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 gien c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khai th\u00e1c RNAi \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. Do nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 Bt, RNAi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1i. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u1ecd khoai t\u00e2y Colorado l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh tr\u1ed3ng khoai t\u00e2y tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00ec lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng khoai t\u00e2y, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u.\u00a0 Tuy nhi\u00ean, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1297,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1445"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1445"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1445\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1297"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1445"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1445"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1445"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}