{"id":1530,"date":"2012-04-10T09:18:54","date_gmt":"2012-04-10T02:18:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/antoansinhhoc.vn\/?p=1530"},"modified":"2012-04-10T09:18:54","modified_gmt":"2012-04-10T02:18:54","slug":"bai-toan-cay-trong-chuyen-gien-ky-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/bai-toan-cay-trong-chuyen-gien-ky-1\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00e0i to\u00e1n c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng chuy\u1ec3n gien (K\u1ef3 1)"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gien. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, VN \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao.<\/p>\n

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Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n xa l\u1ea1<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gien l\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u di truy\u1ec1n (DNA) b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n gien (GM). Thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 l\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng GM kh\u00e1ng thu\u1ed1c di\u1ec7t c\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1986. 10 n\u0103m sau, c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng GM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ee3i \u00edch, c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng GM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c tr\u00ean gi\u1edbi th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t m\u00f9a v\u1ee5. Theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i so v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i 8 t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025, nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ea5p 3 \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i 10 t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n ki\u1ec3u lai h\u1eefu t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1,5% m\u1ed7i n\u0103m trong khi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gien \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc, gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu…<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/b><\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2006 – 2010: th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng GM tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng. T\u1eeb 2011 – 2015 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng GM (ng\u00f4, \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 b\u00f4ng) v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng GM (b\u00f4ng, ng\u00f4, \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng) \u0111\u1ea1t 30 – 50%.<\/p>\n

(Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 11\/2006\/Q\u0110-TTg c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ng\u00e0y 12.1.2006)<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

TS Clive James – Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp thu c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng GM trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (ISAAA) – cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nay di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng GM nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u00f4, b\u00f4ng, c\u1ea3i d\u1ea7u, \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7, c\u1ecf linh l\u0103ng, c\u1ee7 c\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng… (t\u00ednh l\u0169y k\u1ebf) \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t 1 t\u1ec9 ha. Theo ISAAA, trong s\u1ed1 29 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y GM trong n\u0103m 2010 c\u00f3 19 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 10 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u00d4ng James cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cT\u1eeb n\u0103m 1996 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2009, c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng GM \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch: s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 65 t\u1ec9 USD, t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m 393 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u\u2026\u201d.Hi\u1ec7n M\u1ef9, Canada v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khu v\u1ef1c M\u1ef9 La-tinh, ch\u00e2u Phi, ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng GM. Ri\u00eang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/b><\/p>\n

VN hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u nhi\u1ec1u n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn \u0111ang nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m VN v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp ng\u00f4, \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng cho ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i; nh\u1eadp b\u00f4ng v\u1ea3i cho d\u1ec7t may\u2026 Hi\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00f4 VN ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng 4 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n, trong khi nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho ng\u00e0nh ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u00ean t\u1edbi 5,5 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng n\u1eeda t\u1ec9 USD \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u ng\u00f4, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, 10 n\u0103m qua, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta m\u1ed7i n\u0103m m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3m v\u00ec n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

Theo Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i VN, n\u0103m 2010, VN nh\u1eadp 2,76 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 1,16 t\u1ec9 USD. N\u0103m 2011, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o cao nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t g\u1ea7n 300.000 t\u1ea5n, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng 7,5% nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i. Ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3, nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng GM l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap VN tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7n nay. Hi\u1ec7n VN \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng ng\u00f4 GM tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, n\u0103m 2012 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng ng\u00f4 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

TS L\u00ea Huy H\u00e0m – Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7n Di truy\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (B\u1ed9 NN-PTNT) – n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng VN l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 an ninh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c. Theo d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020 l\u00e0 100 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 n\u0103m 2050 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 130 tri\u1ec7u n\u00ean s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020 l\u00e0 50 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 n\u0103m 2050 l\u00e0 80 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, hi\u1ec7n nay m\u1ed7i n\u0103m ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u 1 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n ng\u00f4, 2 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i; di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p d\u1ea7n, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng GM \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

Theo www.thanhnien.com.vn<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gien. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, VN \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao.   […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6071,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1530"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1530"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1530\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6071"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1530"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1530"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1530"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}