{"id":1874,"date":"2014-02-13T01:41:13","date_gmt":"2014-02-12T18:41:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/antoansinhhoc.vn\/?p=1874"},"modified":"2014-02-13T01:41:13","modified_gmt":"2014-02-12T18:41:13","slug":"nghien-cuu-cay-lam-nghiep-bien-doi-gen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/nghien-cuu-cay-lam-nghiep-bien-doi-gen\/","title":{"rendered":"Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e2y l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc bang Oregon v\u1eeda c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u R\u1eebng Canada vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e2y l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p (c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng) bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen. C\u00e2y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gen ch\u00e8n v\u00e0o trong \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 14 n\u0103m.<\/span>\u0110\u0103ng ng\u00e0y 13-02-2014<\/span> trong chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c Tin th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u0110\u1ebfn nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn \u00edt bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c. C\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/span>m\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y, v\u00e0 trong ng\u00e0nh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

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Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i\u00a0<\/span>c\u00e1c c\u00e2y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng – lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y lan \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c, theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

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\u200b\"polar<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0<\/span>c\u00e1c c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ef1c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho bi\u1ebft th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho c\u00e2y c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u1ea3 thi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2y n\u00e0y hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

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GS.\u00a0<\/span>Steven Strauss, thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Oregon\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t:\u00a0X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ed7, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf m\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t cao, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 mong \u0111\u1ee3i. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y n\u00e0y trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn\u00a0<\/span>tr\u00ean 402 c\u00e2y t\u1eeb ch\u00edn l\u1ea7n ch\u00e8n gen theo d\u00f5i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a gen\u00a0cry3Aa\u00a0<\/em>v\u00e0o trong c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1998 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2001, v\u00e0 trong 14 n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong m\u1ed9t “ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng b\u1ea3n sao” t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc bang Oregon \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

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T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y\u00a0<\/span>n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eb7t b\u1ecf v\u00e0o l\u00fac 2 tu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ee7 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 ra hoa v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u00f2ng gen n\u00e0o di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 c\u00e2y hoang d\u00e3, theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

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V\u1edbi\u00a0<\/span>vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i di truy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y, c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t protein di\u1ec7t c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng gi\u00fap ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi l\u00e0m bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh \u1edf c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

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“C\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00e2y<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e2y d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe kh\u00e1c,” Amy Klocko,\u00a0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i OSU cho bi\u1ebft. “Trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m b\u1ecb c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n”.<\/p>\n

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C\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/span>\u00a0– th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c – \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh, theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho bi\u1ebft. Phun thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng tay t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng \u0111ang t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y\u00a0<\/span>c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trung b\u00ecnh cao l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 13 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m sau hai m\u00f9a, v\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, cao l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 23 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m.<\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng\u00a0<\/span>tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1ea5m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4 h\u01a1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m nh\u01b0 b\u00f4ng\u00a0<\/span>v\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ng\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u1edf d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen c\u00f3 gen kh\u00e1ng s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thu ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c gen kh\u00e1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng h\u01a1n ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng lai bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0<\/span>c\u00e2y n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p l\u00fd n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, theo Strauss cho bi\u1ebft. C\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a gen v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, \u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/p>\n

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Strauss cho bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9\u00a0<\/span>ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen v\u00f4 sinh v\u00e0o trong c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a gen, m\u00e0 v\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh th\u00e1i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cho vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc bang Oregon v\u1eeda c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u R\u1eebng Canada vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e2y l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p (c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng) bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen. C\u00e2y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gen […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6390,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1874"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1874"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1874\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6390"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1874"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1874"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1874"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}