{"id":2147,"date":"2012-07-16T03:21:42","date_gmt":"2012-07-15T20:21:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/antoansinhhoc.vn\/?p=2147"},"modified":"2012-07-16T03:21:42","modified_gmt":"2012-07-15T20:21:42","slug":"giai-ma-toan-bo-bo-gene-cay-ca-chua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/giai-ma-toan-bo-bo-gene-cay-ca-chua\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 gene c\u00e2y c\u00e0 chua"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd \u0103n trung b\u00ecnh 16,5 kg c\u00e0 chua t\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n \u0103n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n c\u00e0 chua tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e0 chua ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a th\u00ec h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 h\u01a1n c\u00e0 chua b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec n\u1ed7i ni\u1ec1m ho\u00e0i c\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang.\u0110\u0103ng ng\u00e0y\u00a016-07-2012\u00a0trong chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c\u00a0Tin th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/a><\/p>\n

Trong v\u00f2ng 5 n\u0103m qua, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc trong Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 7.000 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 chua c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00e0 chua ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e0 chua gi\u1ed1ng x\u01b0a. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 quan, v\u00ec c\u00e0 chua ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c acid h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t\u1ea1o h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb h\u01a1n c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lai t\u1ea1o gi\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb, gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng r\u1ea5t chi ti\u1ebft, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n \u1edf c\u00e0 chua, t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ng s\u00e2u r\u1ea7y cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00edn tr\u00e1i. Ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ef1c g\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khi b\u1ed9 gene c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u00e0 chua \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 5\/2012 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed\u00a0Nature<\/em>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ed9 gene c\u00e0 chua (Tomato Genome Consortium<\/em>) bao g\u1ed3m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc (Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, M\u1ef9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u00dd, Israel, B\u1ec9, Anh, Ph\u00e1p, T\u00e2y Ban Nha, \u0110\u1ee9c, H\u00e0 Lan, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Argentina, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c). C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9 gene c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 chua lai Heinz 1706, l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 chua do c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a Henry Heinz t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e0 chua (ketchup<\/em>), v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i c\u00e0 chua hoang d\u1ea1i t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0Solanum pimpinellifolium<\/em>\u00a0(m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Henry Heinz l\u00e0: \u201cTr<\/em>\u01b0\u1edb<\/em>c khi c<\/em>\u1ea3<\/em>i ti<\/em>\u1ebf<\/em>n s<\/em>\u1ea3<\/em>n ph<\/em>\u1ea9<\/em>m trong ly hay trong b<\/em>\u00ec<\/em>nh th<\/em>\u00ec<\/em> ta ph<\/em>\u1ea3<\/em>i c<\/em>\u1ea3<\/em>i ti<\/em>\u1ebf<\/em>n s<\/em>\u1ea3<\/em>n ph<\/em>\u1ea9<\/em>m khi n<\/em>\u00f3<\/em> c<\/em>\u00f2<\/em>n n<\/em>\u1eb1<\/em>m d<\/em>\u01b0\u1edb<\/em>i <\/em>\u0111<\/em>\u1ea5<\/em>t <\/em>\u0111\u00e3<\/em>\u201d).<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9 gene \u1edf th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00ec b\u1ed9 gene th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed9 gene c\u00e0 chua l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ed1t v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u1edbn kho\u1ea3ng 900 Mb, t\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 25% k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed9 gene ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn 300 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb 90 c\u01a1 quan trong Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ed9 gene c\u00e2y c\u00e0 chua n\u00f3i tr\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadt l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2003 \u0111\u1ebfn nay m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 \u201chuy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 gene. C\u00f3 ba nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn cho ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 gene c\u00e0 chua \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

M<\/em>\u1ed9<\/em>t<\/em>, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 gene c\u00e0 chua gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u00e0 chua v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00f3i chung. C\u00e2y c\u00e0 chua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng chi th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 chi\u00a0Solanum<\/em>\u00a0v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 1.000 lo\u00e0i t\u1eeb khoai t\u00e2y (Solanum tuberosum<\/em>) cho t\u1edbi c\u00e2y c\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafng ng\u1ecdt (Solanum dulcamara<\/em>). So s\u00e1nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 gene s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Hai<\/em>, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u1edf th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 gene c\u00e2y c\u00e0 chua. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c gene l\u00e0m cho qu\u1ea3 c\u00e0 chua \u0111\u1ecf m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 c\u00e0 chua ch\u00edn m\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00ec m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u1eadm kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e0 chua.<\/p>\n

Ba<\/em>, th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 gene s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e0 chua. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e0 chua \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1nh, c\u00e0 chua \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i xa th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e2u v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 b\u1ecb d\u1eadp hay th\u1ed1i, c\u00e0 chua ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 thu ho\u1ea1ch, v.v\u2026 Trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i c\u00e0 chua bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i di truy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng g\u1eb7p th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn c\u00f2n e ng\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gene. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i di truy\u1ec1n n\u1eefa, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e0 chua. Th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 gene s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng lai t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4n ngoan h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y theo mong mu\u1ed1n. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 chua v\u1eeba c\u1ee9ng, l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba kh\u00e1ng s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gene n\u00e0o n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 gene v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh cho t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 lai t\u1ea1o c\u00e0 chua \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e0 chua nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng lai t\u1ea1o gi\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 lai t\u1ea1o gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ti\u00ean phong trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh l\u00fd lu\u00f4n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00fa h\u1eefu nh\u0169. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u201cc\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n\u201d n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 sau. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ed9 gene so\u00e1n ng\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn t\u1ea1o gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u1edd c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n:\u00a0http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v485\/n7400\/full\/485547a.html<\/a><\/p>\n

N.T. \u0110\u00f4n d\u1ecbch – Theo http:\/\/www.hcmbiotech.com.vn<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd \u0103n trung b\u00ecnh 16,5 kg c\u00e0 chua t\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n \u0103n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n c\u00e0 chua tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e0 chua ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a th\u00ec h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 h\u01a1n c\u00e0 chua b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec n\u1ed7i ni\u1ec1m ho\u00e0i […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6454,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2147"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2147"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2147\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6454"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2147"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2147"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}