{"id":3462,"date":"2016-04-26T16:49:38","date_gmt":"2016-04-26T09:49:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/antoansinhhoc.vn\/?p=3462"},"modified":"2016-04-26T16:49:38","modified_gmt":"2016-04-26T09:49:38","slug":"10-diem-noi-bat-cua-cay-trong-bien-doi-gen-trong-20-nam-1996-2015-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/10-diem-noi-bat-cua-cay-trong-bien-doi-gen-trong-20-nam-1996-2015-2\/","title":{"rendered":"10 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen trong 20 n\u0103m (1996-2015)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>Th\u1ee9 1. N\u0103m 2015 l\u00e0 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 20 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng CNSH. Trong 20 n\u0103m t\u1eeb 1996-2015, t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch canh t\u00e1c l\u0169y k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng CNSH \u1edf 28 qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1t con s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 l\u00e0 2 t\u1ef7 ha, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi hai l\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 ( 937 tri\u1ec7u ha), t\u1ed5ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ean 150 t\u1ef7 USD. C\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 18 tri\u1ec7u n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 90% l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ngh\u00e8o t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Th\u1ee9 2.\u00a0Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong 20 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Sau m\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 19 n\u0103m li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb 1996 \u0111\u1ebfn 2014 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 12 n\u0103m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf m\u1ee9c 2 con s\u1ed1, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng CNSH n\u0103m 2015 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t 179,7 tr\u1ec7u ha, gi\u1ea3m 1% so v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 2014 l\u00e0 181,5 tri\u1ec7u ha. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch canh t\u00e1c, trong khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch canh t\u00e1c, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n nay th\u1ea5p. Khi gi\u00e1 n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec di\u1ec7n t\u00edch canh t\u00e1c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n. T\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng CNSH \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng 100 l\u1ea7n, t\u1eeb 1,7 tri\u1ec7u ha n\u0103m 1996 l\u00ean 179,7 tri\u1ec7u ha v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng CNSH tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e2y ngh\u1ec7 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhanh nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Th\u1ee9 3. Trong 4 n\u0103m li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 canh t\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng CNSH h\u01a1n. N\u0103m 2015 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf M\u1ef9 La tinh, ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch canh t\u00e1c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng CNSH l\u00ean 97,1 tri\u1ec7u ha \u0111\u1ea1t 54% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 179,7 tri\u1ec7u ha to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (n\u0103m 2014 \u0111\u1ea1t 53%) so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 82,6 tri\u1ec7u ha hay 46% (47% trong n\u0103m 2014). Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n. Trong s\u1ed1 28 n\u01b0\u1edbc canh t\u00e1c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng CNSH n\u0103m 2015 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, 20 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 8 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Th\u1ee9 4. C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng CNSH \u0111a t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 3% c\u1ee7a di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 179,7 tri\u1ec7u ha c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng CNSH to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng CHSH mang nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u1ea3 ba lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng CNSH nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng (t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p) t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 51,4 tri\u00eau ha n\u0103m 2014 l\u00ean 58,5 tri\u1ec7u ha trong n\u0103m 2015, t\u0103ng 7,1 tri\u1ec7u ha, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 14%. N\u0103m 2015 c\u00f3 14 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y CNSH c\u00f3 2 ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p trong \u0111\u00f3 11 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Vi\u1ec7t nam canh t\u00e1c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng CNSH \u0111a t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 ng\u00f4 Bt\/HT, c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng CNSH \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c canh t\u00e1c t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 2015.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Th\u1ee9 5. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong n\u0103m 2015. Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 La tinh c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch canh t\u00e1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Braxin v\u00e0 Ac-hen- tin- a. \u1ede ch\u00e2u \u00c1, Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean canh t\u00e1c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng CNSH v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a B\u0103ng- la- \u0111\u00e9t \u0111\u00e3 coi vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e0 t\u00edm Bt, g\u1ea1o v\u00e0ng, khoai t\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00f4ng CNSH l\u00e0 n\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Philipin \u0111\u00e3 canh t\u00e1c ng\u00f4 CNSH th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong 13 n\u0103m v\u00e0 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y T\u00f2a \u00e1n t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u00e3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng CNSH, In-\u0111\u00f4-n\u00ea xi-a \u0111ang ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n m\u00eda ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n. Trung Qu\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb b\u00f4ng Bt (18 t\u1ef7 USD t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1997 \u0111\u1ebfn 2014) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ChemChina \u0111\u00e3 mua l\u1ea1i Syngenta v\u1edbi 43 t\u1ef7 USD. N\u0103m 2015, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 1 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u00f4ng Bt c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2002-2014 \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 18 t\u1ef7 USD. Ch\u00e2u Phi v\u1eabn \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 \u1edf Nam Phi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m di\u1ec7n tich tr\u1ed3ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn 700 000 ha trong n\u0103m 2015-t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 23% t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa s\u1ef1 \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 may m\u1eafn thay, ng\u00f4 B\u0110G c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n WEMA \u0111ang s\u1eafp tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2017. Sudan t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng b\u00f4ng Bt 30%, l\u00ean 120 000 ha v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015 trong khi v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i \u1edf Burkina Faso. N\u0103m 2015, t\u00e1m n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u Phi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o, b\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Th\u1ee9 6. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u0103m 2015. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t bao g\u1ed3m: nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u201c l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng CNSH \u201cm\u1edbi\u201d nh\u01b0 khoai \u00a0t\u00e2y Innate TM v\u00e0 t\u00e1o Artic\u00ae; th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean-c\u1ea3i d\u1ea7u SUTM ; l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt B\u0110G l\u00e0 c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i B\u0110G s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats); \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i ng\u00f4 B\u0110G ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n. C\u00f4ng ty Dow v\u00e0 DuPont s\u00e1t nh\u1eadp th\u00e0nh DowDuPont.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Th\u1ee9 7.\u00a0T\u0103ng nhanh di\u1ec7n t\u00edch canh t\u00e1c ng\u00f4 B\u0110G ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. Ng\u00f4 CNSH DroughtGardTM \u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u0103m 2013 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 15 l\u1ea7n t\u1eeb 50 000 ha l\u1ebfn 810 000 ha v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn cao t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n B\u0110G t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u01b0 WEMA (d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Ng\u00f4 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho ch\u00e2u Phi) nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi gi\u1ed1ng ng\u00f4 B\u0110G ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2017.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Th\u1ee9 8. Hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng B\u0110G \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. N\u0103m n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u1ed3ng 116 870 ha ng\u00f4 Bt, gi\u1ea3m 18% so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 2014. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch gi\u1ea3m \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc do nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, gi\u1ea3m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng ng\u00f4, nh\u1eefng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Th\u1ee9 9. L\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u1eeb c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng CNSH. M\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb 147 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong 20 n\u0103m qua \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y \u201d t\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 B\u0110G \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m 37% vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u, t\u0103ng 22% n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 t\u0103ng 68% l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\u201d (Qaim et al., 2014). Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c (Brookes et al., 2015). T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1996 \u0111\u1ebfn 2014, c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng CNSH g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o an ninh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0c, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\/ kh\u00ed h\u1eadu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch: t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 150 t\u1ef7 USD; g\u00f3p ph\u1ea9n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m 584 tri\u1ec7u kg a.i. thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u; ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang trong n\u0103m 2014 gi\u1ea3m 27 t\u1ef7 kg kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng 12 tri\u1ec7u chi\u1ebfc xe trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m; b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m 152 tri\u1ec7u ha \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1996 \u0111\u1ebfn 2014; v\u00e0 gi\u00fap x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o cho kho\u1ea3ng 16,5 tri\u1ec7u n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 65 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng CNSH l\u1ea7 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 lu\u00e2n canh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng CNSH c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Th\u1ee9 10. Tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ba v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t \u00edt c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 do vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao (90% \u0111\u1ebfn 100%) trong c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn hi\u1ec7n nay. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cm\u1edbi\u201d cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nhu ng\u00f4 CNSH v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 100 tri\u1ec7u ha tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, 60 tri\u1ec7u ha \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, trong \u0111\u00f3 ri\u00eang Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 35 tri\u1ec7u ha v\u00e0 35 tri\u1ec7u ha \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi. Th\u1ee9 hai, h\u01a1n 85 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi, ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, bao g\u1ed3m ng\u00f4 ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb d\u1ef1 \u00e1n WEMA d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2017, G\u1ea1o v\u00e0ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, chu\u1ed1i gi\u00e0u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadu \u0111\u0169a kh\u00e1ng s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c c\u00f4ng-t\u01b0 (PPP) \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Th\u1ee9 ba, s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y va \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 CRISPR. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 B\u0110G trong b\u1ed1n kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u00edt c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh phi\u1ec1n h\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng chuy\u1ec3n gen, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tho\u00e1ng h\u01a1n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ( Flavell, 2015) c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ba \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec3n gen, ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n h\u1eefu \u00edch (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vi khu\u1ea9n h\u1eefu \u00edch \u1edf th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n b\u1ed5 sung gen m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u201ct\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng\u201d, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cao c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a an ninh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o.<\/p>\n<p>Theo Ph\u00f2ng Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ngu\u1ed3n gen v\u00e0 An to\u00e0n sinh h\u1ecdc,<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ee5c B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp thu c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc (CNSH) trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (ISAAA) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 10 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen trong 20 n\u0103m qua, t\u1eeb khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gieo tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u0103m 1996 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2015.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5895,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3462"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3462"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3462\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5895"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3462"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3462"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3462"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}