{"id":5941,"date":"2014-03-18T06:42:12","date_gmt":"2014-03-17T23:42:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/antoansinhhoc.vn\/?p=871"},"modified":"2014-03-18T06:42:12","modified_gmt":"2014-03-17T23:42:12","slug":"cong-nghe-sinh-hoc-lam-thay-doi-san-xuat-nong-nghiep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/cong-nghe-sinh-hoc-lam-thay-doi-san-xuat-nong-nghiep\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"
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C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u00fap c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, kh\u1eed \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m cho n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

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C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m cao h\u01a1n, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u00e1i tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n y t\u1ebf t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, kh\u1eed \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m cho n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen. N\u0103m 2008 l\u00e0 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 13 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng sinh h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng manh, t\u0103ng 9,4 % t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 10,7 tri\u1ec7u hecta, \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 166 tri\u1ec7u hecta n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh theo \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o canh t\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng 15% hay t\u0103ng 22 tri\u1ec7u hecta gia t\u0103ng t\u00ednh theo \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c canh t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng t\u0103ng 74 l\u1ea7n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1996 \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng sinh h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhanh nh\u1ea5t. N\u0103m 2008, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 l\u0169y k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng sinh h\u1ecdc v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ee9c 2 t\u1ef7 m\u1eabu ( t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 800 tri\u1ec7u hecta). \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong s\u1ed1 25 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 15 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n so v\u1edbi 10 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee7 c\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Cananda trong n\u0103m 2008. \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 n\u0103m 2008 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc EU hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang tr\u1ed3ng gi\u1ed1ng ng\u00f4 Bt \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng, t\u0103ng 21%,, v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch canh t\u00e1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ee9c 107,000 hecta.<\/p>\n

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c ch\u00ednh thu\u1ed9c kh\u1ed1i tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u1ed7, thay \u0111\u1ed5i chu k\u1ef3 t\u00e1i sinh, t\u0103ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t c\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh\u2026<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n gen \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t \u00edt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i 2 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n gen ch\u00ednh: Nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh di truy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m chuy\u1ec3n gen nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 s\u1eefa, tr\u1ee9ng, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1u\u2026<\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ec1 nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 bi\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i gen \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh tranh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh, kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh h\u01a1n c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Theo d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020 n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m 50% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u h\u1ea1i, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c th\u1ebf, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u1ed5 sung h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o n\u00f4ng\u00a0 nghi\u1ec7p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, d\u00f9ng cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5y v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i, gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin gen gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c lo\u00e0i m\u00e0 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u00fap c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, kh\u1eed \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m cho n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i.   […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5944,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5941"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5941"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5941\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5944"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5941"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5941"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5941"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}