{"id":6008,"date":"2013-05-10T07:42:36","date_gmt":"2013-05-10T00:42:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/antoansinhhoc.vn\/?p=1159"},"modified":"2013-05-10T07:42:36","modified_gmt":"2013-05-10T00:42:36","slug":"loi-ich-kinh-te-tu-cay-trong-bien-doi-gen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/loi-ich-kinh-te-tu-cay-trong-bien-doi-gen\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eeb c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Trong v\u00f2ng 16 n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng chuy\u1ec3n gen (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng GM, c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen, c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

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\u201cT\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng GM, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang t\u0103ng r\u1ea5t nhanh. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? V\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt. Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t h\u01a1n 130 USD\/ha v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011\u201d –\u00a0Ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef9 Graham Brookes, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c PG Economics, \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o chia s\u1ebb.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u00edch l\u1ee3i \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng n\u00e0y. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p canh t\u00e1c \u00edt \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1ee7, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c di\u1ec7t c\u1ecf l\u00e0nh t\u00ednh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1edd \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen kh\u00e1ng s\u00e2u h\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m phun thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c canh t\u00e1c \u201ckh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra do canh t\u00e1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb b\u00e1o c\u00e1o:<\/p>\n

\u2022 L\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf r\u00f2ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 trang tr\u1ea1i trong n\u0103m 2011 l\u00e0 19,8 t\u1ef7 USD, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng trung b\u00ecnh 133 USD\/ha. Trong v\u00f2ng 16 n\u0103m (1996\u00a0– 2011), t\u1ed5ng m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a thu nh\u1eadp trang tr\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u1edd \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng GM l\u00e0 98,2\u00a0t\u1ef7\u00a0USD.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Trong t\u1ed5ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch thu nh\u1eadp canh t\u00e1c, 49% (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 48 t\u1ef7 USD) c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t thu ho\u1ea1ch cao h\u01a1n do gi\u1ea3m s\u00e2u h\u1ea1i, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 gen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u chi ph\u00ed canh t\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ng s\u00e2u (IR) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong b\u00f4ng v\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ng\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n khai th\u00e1c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t do s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ee5c ph\u00e1 g\u00e2y ra. N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t trung b\u00ecnh t\u0103ng l\u00ean trong su\u1ed1t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1996\u00a0– 2011 l\u00e0 tr\u00ean 10,1% \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00f4 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen v\u00e0 15,8% \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00f4ng v\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen kh\u00e1ng s\u00e2u.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn (51%) thu nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb canh t\u00e1c n\u0103m 2011 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, 90% c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng h\u1ed9 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1996\u00a0– 2011, kho\u1ea3ng 50% t\u1ed5ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch thu v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Chi ph\u00ed n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011 l\u00e0 21% so v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn h\u1ecd thu l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y (t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 24,2\u00a0t\u1ef7\u00a0USD\u00a0t\u1ed5ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn thu nh\u1eadp trang tr\u1ea1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 19,8 t\u1ef7 USD v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed cho chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 5,4 t\u1ef7 USD).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1996\u00a0– 2011, c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen \u201cch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m\u201d cho s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 110 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 195 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n ng\u00f4 t\u0103ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra th\u00eam 15,8 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n b\u00f4ng v\u1ea3i v\u00e0 6,6 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n c\u1ea3i d\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 N\u1ebfu c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a cho h\u01a1n 16,7 tri\u1ec7u n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u00eam 5,4 tri\u1ec7u ha \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng, 6,6 tri\u1ec7u ha ng\u00f4, 3,3 tri\u1ec7u ha b\u00f4ng v\u1ea3i v\u00e0 0,2 tri\u1ec7u ha c\u1ea3i d\u1ea7u. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i \u201cph\u00ecnh ra\u201d th\u00eam 9% hay Brazil th\u00eam 25% ho\u1eb7c Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u 28% (27 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh canh t\u00e1c nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1edd gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c trong n\u0103m 2011, h\u01a1n 23\u00a0t\u1ef7 kg carbon dioxide \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u201cch\u1eb7n\u201d th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng 10,2 tri\u1ec7u xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong 1 n\u0103m).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m 474 tri\u1ec7u kg thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 9%) trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1996 – 2011, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u l\u1ea1i li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u 27 trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m v\u1edbi 3 v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng 18,1% nh\u1edd gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen kh\u00e1ng s\u00e2u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong canh t\u00e1c, t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen kh\u00e1ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb c\u1ecf nh\u1edd v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb c\u1ecf l\u00e0nh t\u00ednh v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng canh t\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p canh t\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng sang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p canh t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u1ea3 B\u1eafc v\u00e0 Nam M\u1ef9. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u00e1y k\u00e9o v\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00ed carbon trong \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft, xin li\u00ean h\u1ec7:<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef9 Graham Brookes. | \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i: +44(0)1531650123 |\u00a0www.pgeconomics.co.uk<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong v\u00f2ng 16 n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng chuy\u1ec3n gen (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng GM, c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen, c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6012,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6008"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6008"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6008\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6012"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6008"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6008"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6008"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}