{"id":6088,"date":"2012-04-11T08:54:41","date_gmt":"2012-04-11T01:54:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/antoansinhhoc.vn\/?p=1475"},"modified":"2012-04-11T08:54:41","modified_gmt":"2012-04-11T01:54:41","slug":"suy-nghi-ve-cay-trong-bien-doi-gen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/suy-nghi-ve-cay-trong-bien-doi-gen\/","title":{"rendered":"Suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2003 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 50 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o, h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i chung v\u1ec1 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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C\u00d4NG NGH\u1ec6 CHUY\u1ec2N GEN<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00f3i chung, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n gen v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen n\u00f3i ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n giao, khai th\u00e1c b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 khai th\u00e1c gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng chuy\u1ec3n gen c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng khi c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh v\u00e0 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng, nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1ch quan tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n gen v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc xu th\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a, c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng chuy\u1ec3n gen v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen s\u1edbm hay mu\u1ed9n c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu b\u1edfi t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Coi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n gen nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ecdn t\u1ea1o gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 t\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng chuy\u1ec3n gen l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t di truy\u1ec1n, ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn th\u00eam nh\u1eefng gen m\u1edbi, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t di truy\u1ec1n (th\u00eam gen m\u1edbi) nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n gen, n\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, b\u1edfi v\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f4ng ch\u1edd v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t di truy\u1ec1n, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng. D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo hai h\u01b0\u1edbng: th\u00eam \u0111o\u1ea1n hay b\u1edbt \u0111o\u1ea1n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00eam \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1edd chuy\u1ec3n gen c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00eam \u0111o\u1ea1n ADN trong \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau: N\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i, th\u00ec trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p g\u00ec cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn\u201d nh\u1edd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n gen. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, c\u00f2n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n gen l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n gen.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec5n ra h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m, tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 n\u0103m, c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n gen ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec5n ra trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m, nh\u1edd t\u00ednh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn t\u1ea1o gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi, b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn gen m\u1edbi trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1ecb ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n b\u1edfi ranh gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n gen cho ph\u00e9p chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gen kh\u00e1c lo\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n gen gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta di nh\u1eadp t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ranh gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lai t\u1ea1o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u00f4ng qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n gen (v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft) cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gen c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t m\u1edbi cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ecdn t\u1ea1o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb\u00a0khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m chuy\u1ec3n gen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a (1996) cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay (2011), sau 15 n\u0103m v\u1edbi 148 tri\u1ec7u ha c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng chuy\u1ec3n gen, di\u1ec5n ra 29 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi 154 tri\u1ec7u n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m chuy\u1ec3n gen, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n gen v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m chuy\u1ec3n gen mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu: t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng canh t\u00e1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu<\/i>. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, ch\u1ee7 trang tr\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c do c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n gen v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m chuy\u1ec3n gen g\u00e2y ra cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ef0A CH\u1eccN H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG GEN \u0110\u00cdCH PH\u00d9 H\u1ee2P<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng chuy\u1ec3n gen \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta th\u1eddi gian qua l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gen \u0111\u00edch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n canh t\u00e1c, sinh th\u00e1i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a gen Bar v\u00e0 gen Bt. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u1ea7n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, hai gen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a (Bar v\u00e0 Bt)\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong nh\u00f3m gen b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m trong nh\u00f3m gen t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, m\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t do 2 gen n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng qua t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a gen kh\u00e1ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb c\u1ecf v\u00e0 gen kh\u00e1ng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ee5c th\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. L\u00fd do:<\/span><\/p>\n

– N\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, trang tr\u1ea1i, 80% t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecbch h\u1ea1i, ngu\u1ed3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00edt, th\u1eddi gian sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng d\u00e0i (g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi). \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng sinh th\u00e1i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ngh\u00e8o, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t do thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbch ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ee5c th\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ee5c r\u1ec5 (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean 30% v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t), c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 gen Bt \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1nh v\u1ea3y Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, do v\u1eady khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng 2 gen n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 do gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng n\u1ec1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

– N\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf l\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng ng\u00f4 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai, ngu\u1ed3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng phong ph\u00fa, \u00edt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, th\u1eddi gian sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng ng\u1eafn, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p phong ph\u00fa, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t do s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ee5c th\u00e2n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf, n\u00f4ng h\u1ed9. Do v\u1eady, khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gen n\u00e0y\u00a0kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 mong mu\u1ed1n. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, lo\u00e0i s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ee5c th\u00e2n g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho c\u00e2y ng\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9, do v\u1eady gen Bt \u00edt ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gen \u0111\u00edch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n canh t\u00e1c, sinh th\u00e1i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gen ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n

– H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gen Bt \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7ng cho s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ee5c th\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/span><\/p>\n

– H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gen ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

– H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gen ch\u1ecbu chua ph\u00e8n, \u0111\u1ea1m th\u1ea5p, b\u1ec7nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gen ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ea1nh v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y ng\u00f4, n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 80% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng ng\u00f4 nh\u1edd n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd th\u00eam l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gen ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 phi sinh h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gen b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng n\u1ec1n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 lai t\u1ea1o gi\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n gen v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gen ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gen, nh\u00f3m gen c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, tuy nhi\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nhanh ch\u00f3ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

TH\u1ed0NG NH\u1ea4T NH\u1eacN TH\u1ee8C<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn chung, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n gen, c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng chuy\u1ec3n gen v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/span><\/p>\n

– Th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n gen, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0.<\/span><\/p>\n

– B\u1ed9 N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 PTNT x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen.<\/span><\/p>\n

– C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh kh\u00e1ch quan, trung th\u1ef1c, g\u1ea7n d\u00e2n h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2n s\u1ee3.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gen ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo TS. B\u00f9i M\u1ea1nh C\u01b0\u1eddng – nongnghiep.vn<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2003 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 50 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o, h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i chung v\u1ec1 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen. C\u00d4NG NGH\u1ec6 […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6089,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6088"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6088"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6088\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6089"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6088"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6088"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6088"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}