{"id":6169,"date":"2014-08-12T12:02:56","date_gmt":"2014-08-12T05:02:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/antoansinhhoc.vn\/?p=3139"},"modified":"2014-08-12T12:02:56","modified_gmt":"2014-08-12T05:02:56","slug":"trien-vong-cong-nghe-sinh-hoc-nong-nghiep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/trien-vong-cong-nghe-sinh-hoc-nong-nghiep\/","title":{"rendered":"Tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc (CNSH) n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ea3i qua 3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: CNSH truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (traditional), CNSH c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n (classical) v\u00e0 CNSH hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (modern). Khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 CNSH n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn sinh v\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n gen (GMO), nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng chuy\u1ec3n gen (GMC).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 GMC n\u0103m 1996 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng th\u1eed tr\u00ean 1,7 tri\u1ec7u ha th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn 2011 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean 160 tri\u1ec7u ha (g\u1ed3m thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u00f4ng, ng\u00f4, c\u1ea3i d\u1ea7u, khoai t\u00e2y…) t\u1ea1i 29 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau. D\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 M\u1ef9 v\u1edbi 69 tri\u1ec7u ha (ng\u00f4, \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u00f4ng, c\u1ee7 c\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7, c\u1ecf linh l\u0103ng, b\u00ed, c\u1ea3i d\u1ea7u).<\/span><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 Brazil v\u1edbi 30,3 tri\u1ec7u ha (\u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u00f4, b\u00f4ng); Argentina 23,7 tri\u1ec7u ha (\u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u00f4, b\u00f4ng); \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 10,6 tri\u1ec7u ha (b\u00f4ng); Canada 10,4 tri\u1ec7u ha (c\u1ea3i d\u1ea7u, ng\u00f4, \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ee7 c\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng); Trung Qu\u1ed1c 3,9 tri\u1ec7u ha (b\u00f4ng, \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7, c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e0 chua, \u1edbt ng\u1ecdt); Paraguay 2,8 tri\u1ec7u ha (\u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng); Pakistan 2,6 tri\u1ec7u ha (b\u00f4ng); Nam Phi 2,3 tri\u1ec7u ha (\u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u00f4, b\u00f4ng); Uruguay 1,3 tri\u1ec7u ha (\u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u00f4); Bolivia 0,9 tri\u1ec7u ha (\u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng); Australia 0,7 tri\u1ec7u ha (b\u00f4ng, c\u1ea3i d\u1ea7u); Philippines 0,6 tri\u1ec7u ha (ng\u00f4); Myanma 0,3 tri\u1ec7u ha (b\u00f4ng); Burkina Faso 0,3 tri\u1ec7u ha (b\u00f4ng); Mexico 0,2 tri\u1ec7u ha (b\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng); T\u00e2y Ban Nha 0,1 tri\u1ec7u ha (ng\u00f4).<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch GMC d\u01b0\u1edbi 100 ngh\u00ecn ha l\u00e0 Colombia (\u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng); Chil\u00ea (ng\u00f4, \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ea3i d\u1ea7u); Honduras (ng\u00f4); B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha (ng\u00f4); CH S\u00e9c (ng\u00f4); Ba Lan (ng\u00f4); Ai C\u1eadp (ng\u00f4); Slovakia (ng\u00f4); Rumani (ng\u00f4); Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n (khoai t\u00e2y); Costa Rica (b\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng), \u0110\u1ee9c (khoai t\u00e2y).<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh ri\u00eang 5 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Brazil, Argentina, Nam Phi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 71,4 tri\u1ec7u ha tr\u1ed3ng GMC (44% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch GMC tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u). Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, tuy hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng tranh lu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 GMC nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng GMC (chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 43,13% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch GMC to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u).<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh chuy\u1ec3n gen th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng v\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb c\u1ecf (71,0%); \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng v\u1edbi s\u00e2u h\u1ea1i (27,6%); \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 hai (1,1%); ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 0,3% l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n

GMC t\u0103ng l\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. Ng\u00e0y 31\/10\/2011 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 7 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 9,2- 9,3 t\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (!) v\u00e0 n\u0103m 2100 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 10,1 t\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (1\/3 l\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 ch\u00e2u Phi). S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc EU tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1eef d\u1ed9i nh\u01b0ng nay \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed3ng ng\u00f4 chuy\u1ec3n gen tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n t\u00edch t\u1edbi 114.490 ha t\u1ea1i 6 qu\u1ed1c gia. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10\/2010 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 41 nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n k\u00fd t\u00ean tr\u00f2n 1 l\u00e1 th\u01b0 ng\u1ecf bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u00fd ki\u1ebfn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd g\u1eedi t\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb GMC tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y.\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay s\u1ed1 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tham gia tr\u1ed3ng GMC tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn 16,7 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi (t\u0103ng 8% so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 2010), trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 15 tri\u1ec7u n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u1edbi c\u00e2y b\u00f4ng GMC \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n thu th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1edbi 250 USD tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i ha v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft bao \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i do s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e2y l\u00faa, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng SX l\u00faa lai tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n- \u00f4ng Vi\u00ean Long B\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng si\u00eau l\u00faa lai (super hybrid rice) ba d\u00f2ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t 1 v\u1ee5 cao t\u1edbi 10,5 t\u1ea5n\/ha tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 9,2 t\u1ea5n\/v\u1ee5\/ha tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng (1,2 tri\u1ec7u ha n\u0103m 2000) ho\u1eb7c 9,6 t\u1ea5n\/ha (tr\u00ean 240.000 ha).<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong ph\u1ea1m vi th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m (v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 720 m2) gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa lai P64S\/E32 \u0111\u00e3 cho n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao t\u1edbi 17,1 t\u1ea5n\/v\u1ee5\/ha (!). N\u0103m 2001 c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 cho n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t 12 t\u1ea5n\/v\u1ee5\/ha. \u1ede n\u01b0\u1edbc ta hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n sinh h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng ng\u00f4 GMC (kh\u00e1ng s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb c\u1ecf).<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00faa Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IRRI) \u1edf Philippines, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n gen \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e2y l\u00faa cho h\u1ea1t g\u1ea1o v\u00e0ng (golden rice) v\u1edbi m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng \u00e1nh do ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao beta-caroten (ti\u1ec1n vitamin A). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng l\u1edbn lao \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh m\u00f9 l\u00f2a do thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t vitamin A. Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean 190 tri\u1ec7u tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 19 tri\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai t\u1ea1i 122 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t vitamin A. Ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y m\u1ed7i n\u0103m l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng t\u1edbi 2 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00f9 l\u00f2a t\u1edbi 500.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y m\u00f4 (tissue culture) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng c\u00e2y s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec7nh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 khoai t\u00e2y s\u1ea1ch virus) ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n nhanh c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm, c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf cao (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e2y h\u00f4ng, c\u00e2y sung M\u1ef9, nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m, tam th\u1ea5t\u2026). Vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y t\u1ebf b\u00e0o (cell culture) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m n\u01a1i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef ngu\u1ed3n gen, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng trong ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u1edf quy m\u00f4 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 SX ra h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m (c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c, s\u00e2m, gi\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 lam, trinh n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng cung, tam th\u1ea5t), thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u, tr\u1eeb n\u1ea5m, h\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec7u, m\u00e0u th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n (nuclear transplantation) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi con c\u1eebu Dolly c\u1ee7a Wilmut v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1997. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho vi\u1ec7c sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 t\u00ednh (cloning) \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa. Do kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng qua th\u1ee5 tinh n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 con gi\u1ed1ng y h\u1ec7t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 cho nh\u00e2n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. V\u1ec1 sau c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 t\u00ednh tr\u00ean chu\u1ed9t, d\u00ea, c\u1eebu, b\u00f2, l\u1ee3n\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o l\u1ee3n nh\u1eefng gen c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i sau khi gh\u00e9p ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea1ng r\u1ed3i cho sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c con l\u1ee3n qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ee3n (th\u1eadn, gan, tim\u2026) \u0111\u1ec3 gh\u00e9p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh, m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i thai (embryonic stem cell) v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

CNSH hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng. CNSH m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (Environmental biotechnology) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. H\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 k\u00edch th\u00edch sinh h\u1ecdc (biostimulation), ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i sinh h\u1ecdc (biodegradation), x\u1eed l\u00fd \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m sinh h\u1ecdc (bioremediation land farming), n\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sinh h\u1ecdc (bioreactor), l\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc (biofiltration), m\u00e0ng sinh h\u1ecdc (biofilm), t\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed9c sinh h\u1ecdc (biodetoxification), b\u00f9n ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh (activated sludge)…<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt mang gen t\u00e1i t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, dung m\u00f4i g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t Alkanes, Anthracene, Benzene\u2026). C\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n gen th\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c chi Pseudomonas Nitrosomonas, Alcaligenes, Methylosinus,…<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y r\u00e1c Th\u1ee7y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (TT- Hu\u1ebf) nh\u1edd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u CNSH m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 th\u00e0nh lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n r\u1ea5t hoan ngh\u00eanh. Vi\u1ec7c SX kh\u00ed sinh h\u1ecdc (biogas) t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t (l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng, \u0111un n\u1ea5u, ch\u1ea1y m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 xem tivi, d\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch sau l\u00ean men \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i c\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n s\u1ea1ch…).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef ngu\u1ed3n gen \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi kinh ng\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n gen t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 robot \u0111\u1ec3 thay cho b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n gen qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang.\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo GS.TS. Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n D\u0169ng – www.nongnghiep.vn<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc (CNSH) n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ea3i qua 3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: CNSH truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (traditional), CNSH c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n (classical) v\u00e0 CNSH hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (modern). Khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 CNSH n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn sinh v\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n gen (GMO), nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng chuy\u1ec3n gen (GMC).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6170,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6169"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6169"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6169\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6170"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6169"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6169"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6169"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}