{"id":6683,"date":"2014-10-01T09:32:10","date_gmt":"2014-10-01T02:32:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/antoansinhhoc.vn\/?p=1553"},"modified":"2014-10-01T09:32:10","modified_gmt":"2014-10-01T02:32:10","slug":"bo-gen-ca-phe-lam-sang-to-su-tien-hoa-cua-chat-cafein","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/bo-gen-ca-phe-lam-sang-to-su-tien-hoa-cua-chat-cafein\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ed9 gen c\u00e0 ph\u00ea l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t cafein"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Theo\u00a0c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, enzim gi\u00fap s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t cafein \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp trong c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, tr\u00e0 v\u00e0 s\u00f4-c\u00f4-la.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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B\u1ed9 gen m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 cafein. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cho bi\u1ebft, tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gen trong c\u00e2y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gen c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong tr\u00e0 v\u00e0 s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c gen t\u1ea1o ra cafein t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean chung, nh\u01b0ng thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gen ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o ng\u00e0y 05-9 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Khoa h\u1ecdc (Science).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e0 ph\u00ea?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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V\u1edbi h\u01a1n 2,25 t\u1ef7 t\u00e1ch cafe ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi. Theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c C\u00e0 ph\u00ea Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf- International Coffee Organization, h\u01a1n 8,7 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013, doanh thu t\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u l\u00ean t\u1edbi 15,4 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la n\u0103m 2009-2010, v\u00e0 ngh\u00e0nh caf\u00e9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho g\u1ea7n 26 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean 52 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Theo Philippe Lashermes, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p (IRD) cho bi\u1ebft \u201cC\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee9c d\u1eady s\u1edbm m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Theo \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9 gen c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e0 ph\u00ea. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gen ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho c\u00e0 ph\u00ea tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t”.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Lashermes, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Patrick Wincker v\u00e0 France Denoeud, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc gen t\u1ea1i Trung t\u00e2m Qu\u1ed1c gia Gi\u1ea3 m\u00e3 gen c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p (CEA-Genoscope), v\u00e0 Albert Victor, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 khoa sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Buffalo, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/span><\/span>
\nC\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf – Agricultural Research Center for International Development \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u1edf M\u1ef9, Ph\u00e1p, \u00dd, Canada, \u0110\u1ee9c, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, T\u00e2y Ban Nha, Indonesia, Brazil, \u00dac v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 .<\/span>
\nNh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng caf\u00e9 v\u1ed1i- Coffea canephora, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 30 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, theo Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i C\u00e0 ph\u00ea Qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf t\u1ea1i Manhattan.<\/span>
\nTi\u1ebfp theo, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gen c\u1ee7a caf\u00e9 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p>\n

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So v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nho v\u00e0 c\u00e0 chua, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c h\u1ecd gen c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t alkaloid v\u00e0 flavonoid, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m v\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea.<\/span><\/span>
\nC\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 N-methyltransferases l\u00e0 c\u00e1c enzim c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ea5t cafein.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Sau khi xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng enzim cafein trong c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gen kh\u00e1c trong c\u00e2y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea h\u01a1n l\u00e0 cafein c\u00f3 trong tr\u00e0 v\u00e0 s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la.<\/span><\/span>
\nPh\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cafein trong c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean chung, c\u00e1c enzim c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i s\u1ebd gi\u1ed1ng nhau nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

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“B\u1ed9 gen trong c\u00e0 ph\u00ea gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea- kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c ch\u00fang ta d\u1eady v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng”, Albert n\u00f3i. “B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t h\u1ecd gen n\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gen c\u1ee7a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 cafein.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea3nh tranh. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f3i quen cafein. C\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u00e2y ti\u1ebft ra cafein th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a cafein, nh\u01b0ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng mang l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gen \u1edf c\u00e0 ph\u00ea.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Wincker cho bi\u1ebft “H\u00f3a ra, qua th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 trong h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: c\u00e0 chua v\u00e0 \u1edbt h\u1ea1t ti\u00eau. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u1edf qu\u1ea3 nho. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 gen c\u00e0 ph\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng do s\u1ef1 sao ch\u00e9p trong c\u00e1c h\u1ecd gen c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecd c\u00e2y l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a hai hay ba b\u1ed9 gen. \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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“C\u00e0 ph\u00ea n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ecd c\u00e2y Rubiaceae, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 13.000 lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, do \u0111\u00f3, do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p trong b\u1ed9 gen, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sao ch\u00e9p b\u1ed9 gen \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc cao”, Denoeud n\u00f3i.
\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Theo\u00a0c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, enzim gi\u00fap s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t cafein \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp trong c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, tr\u00e0 v\u00e0 s\u00f4-c\u00f4-la. B\u1ed9 gen m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1562,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6683"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6683"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6683\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1562"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6683"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6683"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6683"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}