{"id":6831,"date":"2017-12-24T22:55:46","date_gmt":"2017-12-24T15:55:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/antoansinhhoc.vn\/?p=4708"},"modified":"2017-12-24T22:55:46","modified_gmt":"2017-12-24T15:55:46","slug":"cay-trong-cong-nghe-sinh-hoc-ngo-bong-dau-tuong-tai-nam-phi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/cay-trong-cong-nghe-sinh-hoc-ngo-bong-dau-tuong-tai-nam-phi\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc: Ng\u00f4, B\u00f4ng, \u0110\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i Nam Phi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">C\u00e2y ng\u00f4 CNSH l\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh \u1edf Nam Phi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u00f4 tr\u1eafng) v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u00f4 v\u00e0ng). Ng\u00f4 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Nam Phi v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Nam Phi (SADC). Ng\u00f4 CNSH \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean 2,16 tri\u1ec7u ha cao h\u01a1n 22% so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 2015. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m 19,5% (420.000 ha) kh\u00e1ng s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh, 18,9% (407.000 ha) ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ed1c di\u1ec7t c\u1ecf v\u00e0 61,7% (1,33 tri\u1ec7u ha) ) c\u1ee7a IR\/HT.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Ng\u00f4 tr\u1eafng CNSH \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean 52% (1,123 tri\u1ec7u ha) trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ng\u00f4 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, ng\u00f4 v\u00e0ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c 48%. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2016 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u kho\u1ea3ng 3 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n ng\u00f4.\u00a0Trong khi\u00a0c\u1ea7n 10,5 tri\u1ec7u ha tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103m 2015 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 7,5 tri\u1ec7u ha. Nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00f4 tr\u1eafng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n: Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Mexico l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00ednh. Nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u0169ng b\u1ecb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n do c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m d\u1ecbch th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng gen l\u00ean nhau ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t \u1edf Nam Phi. C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch ng\u00f4 tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng trong khi \u1edf Nam Phi nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 ng\u00f4 tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ng\u00f4 v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Gi\u00e1 ng\u00f4 tr\u1eafng leo thang l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 R5 500 \/ MT (~ 408 USD), khi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. Kho\u1ea3ng 94,9% trong s\u1ed1 628 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p cho ng\u00f4 tr\u1eafng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft tuy nhi\u00ean\u00a0ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111ang tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2017. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng ng\u00f4 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc cho th\u1ea5y t\u0103ng 22% l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 2,16 tri\u1ec7u ha.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Nam Phi ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Kenya, Mozambique, Tanzania v\u00e0 Uganda \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai ng\u00f4 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc trong D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Ng\u00f4 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng N\u01b0\u1edbc cho Ch\u00e2u Phi (WEMA).\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">C\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng ng\u00f4 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2015, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2017 cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c n\u00f4ng h\u1ed9 nh\u1ecf. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cho c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho n\u0103m 2018. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ng\u00f4 \u1edf Nam Phi cho th\u1ea5y xu h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ng\u00f4 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u00edt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, canh t\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00f4 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i trong 20 n\u0103m qua \u1edf Nam Phi (USDA, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc H\u00e0ng n\u0103m cho Nam Phi, 2016).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">\u0110\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf Nam Phi t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2001 v\u00e0 n\u0103m 2016 \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean 520.000 ha, gi\u1ea3m 3% (15.000 ha) t\u1eeb 535.000 ha tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015 do h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n. \u0110\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean 494.000 ha, chi\u1ebfm 95% t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia tin r\u1eb1ng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gia t\u0103ng v\u1ec1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi\u00a0m\u00f9a\u00a0h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2016 do nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng trong ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea7u \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Theo d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p M\u1ef9, trong n\u0103m 2016-2017 h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd t\u0103ng 39% nh\u1edd n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m c\u00e2y lu\u00e2n\u00a0canh v\u1edbi ng\u00f4 (USDA FAS GAIN Agribiotechnology South Ch\u00e2u phi, n\u0103m 2016).\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ea1t l\u1ea5y d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i m\u1edbi, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n\u00a0cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng canh t\u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 th\u00f4ng qua B\u1ed9 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u00e9p d\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">B\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ng c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng (Bt) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf Nam Phi t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1998 v\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2016 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 9.000 ha tr\u1ed3ng b\u00f4ng IR \/ HT, gi\u1ea3m 25% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng do h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 b\u00f4ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u th\u1ea5p. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u00f4ng l\u00e0 GM v\u1edbi Bt-Bt v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u00a0glyphosate. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 b\u00f4ng s\u1ebd t\u0103ng khi gi\u00e1 b\u00f4ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng t\u0103ng l\u00ean cho b\u00f4ng trong m\u00f9a 2017-2018.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">L\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf: \u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eeb c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc cho Nam Phi trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1998 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2015 l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 2,1 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 237 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015 (Brookes v\u00e0 Barfoot, 2017, Forthcoming). S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc \u1edf Nam Phi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng ng\u00f4 t\u0103ng do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2016. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m trong tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eadu\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng do h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a tr\u1ed3ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m 25% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u00f4ng do gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u th\u1ea5p. M\u00f9a tr\u1ed3ng 2015 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y 29% s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00f4 v\u00e0 25% \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh, v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u00f4ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t sinh do\u00a0 El Ni\u00f1o v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2015 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2016 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a La Ni\u00f1a v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 11. \u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd t\u0103ng trong n\u0103m t\u1edbi v\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2016, nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u00f4 t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00ec th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t h\u1ea1t c\u1ea3i d\u1ea7u nghi\u1ec1n t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn Nam Phi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1edfi ng\u00f4 trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n WEMA, d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><em>Ngu\u1ed3n: isaaa.org<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e2y ng\u00f4 CNSH l\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh \u1edf Nam Phi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u00f4 tr\u1eafng) v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u00f4 v\u00e0ng). Ng\u00f4 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Nam Phi v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Nam Phi [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6508,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6831"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6831"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6831\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6508"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6831"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6831"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6831"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}