{"id":9009,"date":"2024-06-14T09:47:31","date_gmt":"2024-06-14T02:47:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/?p=9009"},"modified":"2025-03-26T09:48:09","modified_gmt":"2025-03-26T02:48:09","slug":"loai-ngoai-lai-xam-lan-thach-thuc-doi-voi-he-sinh-thai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/loai-ngoai-lai-xam-lan-thach-thuc-doi-voi-he-sinh-thai\/","title":{"rendered":"Lo\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i lai x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n – Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lo\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i lai x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd lo\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i lai x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lo\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i lai x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n (Invasive Alien Species – IAS) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 sinh th\u00e1i, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n nhanh, th\u00edch nghi t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i lai x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n nguy hi\u1ec3m, g\u00e2y t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc, l\u1ea5n \u00e1t c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ea1nh tranh th\u1ee9c \u0103n, chi\u1ebfm kh\u00f4ng gian s\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c s\u0103n b\u1eaft c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed g\u00e2y tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ngo\u1ea1i lai x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u1ed0c b\u01b0\u01a1u v\u00e0ng (Pomacea canaliculata): \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i l\u00e0m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, nh\u01b0ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1i trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u1ed0c b\u01b0\u01a1u v\u00e0ng ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 l\u00faa non, g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn cho ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4m h\u00f9m \u0111\u1ecf (Procambarus clarkii): Lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cho h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0103n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt th\u1ee7y sinh, tr\u1ee9ng c\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1 lau k\u00ednh (Pterygoplichthys spp.): M\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb Nam M\u1ef9, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i s\u00f4ng h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

R\u00f9a tai \u0111\u1ecf (Trachemys scripta elegans): Lo\u00e0i r\u00f9a c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb th\u1ea3 ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea1nh tranh th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng sinh th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ngo\u1ea1i lai x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u1ecf l\u00e0o (Chromolaena odorata): M\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n nhanh, th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t hoang v\u00e0 r\u1eebng sau khai th\u00e1c, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111a d\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n

Mai d\u01b0\u01a1ng (Mimosa pigra): Lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 gai, x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m ngh\u00e8o \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n

B\u00e8o l\u1ee5c b\u00ecnh (Eichhornia crassipes): Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u00e2y t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m oxy trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Trinh n\u1eef m\u00f3c (Mimosa diplotricha): Lo\u00e0i c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i c\u00f3 gai, lan nhanh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i lai x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn cho n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u1ed1c b\u01b0\u01a1u v\u00e0ng t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng, trong khi b\u00e8o l\u1ee5c b\u00ecnh l\u00e0m t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i, t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh; Hay t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, r\u00f9a tai \u0111\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n vi khu\u1ea9n Salmonella g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n lan r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i lai x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, du nh\u1eadp qua ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng, kinh doanh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh; M\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ea3nh: Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 c\u1ea3nh, r\u00f9a c\u1ea3nh b\u1ecb th\u1ea3 ra t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean do ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c; Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu: Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lo\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i lai x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n:<\/em> C\u1ea7n th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i lai c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/em> T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m tra, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i lai x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

N\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng:<\/em> Tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i lai x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc:<\/em> Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p sinh h\u1ecdc: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ea3 c\u00e1 \u0103n \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u1ed1c b\u01b0\u01a1u v\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc:<\/em> Thu gom v\u00e0 ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ngo\u1ea1i lai nh\u01b0 b\u00e8o l\u1ee5c b\u00ecnh, mai d\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Lo\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i lai x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c lan r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd lo\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i lai x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 chung tay c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1eeb c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.\/.<\/p>\n

NBCA<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lo\u00e0i ngo\u1ea1i lai x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c […]\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":6894,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9009"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9009"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9009\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9010,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9009\/revisions\/9010"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6894"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9009"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9009"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9009"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}