Vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u t\u00e2m cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh mang t\u00ednh khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi trong c\u1ea3 khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ch\u00ed ph\u00ed t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u1edf nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau. Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Canada kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda b\u1ed9 gen n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i SDN1, bao g\u1ed3m ch\u00e8n v\u00e0 x\u00f3a nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u00dac. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gen ngo\u1ea1i lai trong sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen. C\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ban c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p thi\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen. Argentina, Braxin v\u00e0 Chile \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 sinh v\u1eadt ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh theo t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e8n th\u00eam v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u di truy\u1ec1n. Chile v\u00e0 Argentina \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia trong khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u \u00c1 – Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c M\u1ef9 Latinh, ch\u00e2u \u00c1 – Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 EU.<\/p>\n
Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c M\u1ef9 Latinh<\/p>\n
Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2015, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch, t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. Cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hai v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t: Khung Ph\u1ed1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung (OSTP2017) v\u00e0 Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc (OSTP2016). Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tri\u1ec3n khai quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia \u0111\u1ec1u cho ba c\u01a1 quan, bao g\u1ed3m C\u1ee5c Thanh tra S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0110\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt (APHIS \u2013 thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Hoa K\u1ef3 USDA), C\u1ee5c B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Hoa K\u1ef3 (EPA) v\u00e0 C\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 D\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m Hoa K\u1ef3 (FDA).<\/p>\n
Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a APHIS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt n\u0103m 2000 (PPA). PPA bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p, th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o, nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n li\u00ean bang v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng) c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m thu\u1ed9c di\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd (sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00e2u h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 cho, nh\u1eadn gen ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m vector chuy\u1ec3n gen). \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2017, APHIS c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho h\u01a1n 350 sinh v\u1eadt li\u00ean quan, trong \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nuclease \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1eaft (bao g\u1ed3m TALEN, ZFN, CRISPR) v\u00e0 vector Agrobacterium. Th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2018, B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Hoa K\u1ef3 (USDA) ban h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u201cc\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a USDA \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, bao g\u1ed3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda b\u1ed9 gen\u201d. Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a C\u1ee5c Thanh tra S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0110\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt\/B\u1ed9 N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Hoa K\u1ef3 (USDA-APHIS) v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cNhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda b\u1ed9 gen kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c di\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y\u201d. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i sau s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c di\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u00e0 B\u1ed9 N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t: x\u00f3a, thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p baz\u01a1 \u0111\u01a1n, th\u00eam c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb c\u00e2y c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ly v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u (gen m\u1edbi) ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n\u201d.<\/p>\n
T\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c di\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 2001, C\u1ee5c B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Hoa K\u1ef3 (EPA) \u0111\u00e3 mi\u1ec5n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Di\u1ec7t C\u00f4n Tr\u00f9ng, Di\u1ec7t N\u1ea5m V\u00e0 Di\u1ec7t Chu\u1ed9t (FIFRA) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f3 trong c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. C\u1ee5c B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u0169ng mi\u1ec5n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed9c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, D\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m Li\u00ean bang (FFDCA) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f3 trong c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n. Th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2016, EPA \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda b\u1ed9 gen qua Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd C\u00e1c S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda b\u1ed9 gen l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 Canada r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u1eabn quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Canada kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Canada v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 80 v\u00e0 90. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Canada d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cdo nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 nhau, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean r\u1ee7i ro trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay v\u00ec quy tr\u00ecnh\u201d. Tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Canada trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sinh h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n
– Ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda b\u1ed9 gen ch\u1ec9 khi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u1edbi) v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra r\u1ee7i ro m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
– Kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Canada l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean r\u1ee7i ro. \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 linh ho\u1ea1t cao v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng tin, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: (a) kh\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh quy t\u1eafc, (b) t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc trong t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 (c) d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n
M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean (a) ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cho c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i, (b) c\u00e1c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng gen, (c) kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i, (d) t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 (e) t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u00e2y c\u1ea3i d\u1ea7u ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu thu\u1ed1c di\u1ec7t c\u1ecf, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i Canada y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a1n n\u1ed9p ba b\u1ed9 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho ba h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh: (a) v\u1ec1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, (b) v\u1ec1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 (c) v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, ba h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ed1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i t\u1ea1i Canada.<\/p>\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quy \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Canada \u0111\u1ee7 linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, Canada c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda b\u1ed9 gen \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh tham v\u1ea5n, ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i g\u00f3p \u00fd nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ea5t c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n
Argentina \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u00e1c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1996 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 ba th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 23 tri\u1ec7u hecta. Argentina l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4 d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 hai v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4 h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 ba v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c mang l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Khung quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Argentina v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y tham gia nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (bao g\u1ed3m CODEX, SPS\/IPPC c\u1ee7a WTO) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Cartagena. \u1ee6y ban Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc trong N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (CONABIA) l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 tham m\u01b0u v\u1ec1 sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c N\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c (FAO) giao l\u00e0m Trung t\u00e2m Tham chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 An to\u00e0n sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a C\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 2015, Argentina \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00f4ng qua ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi (NTBs). Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y coi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen l\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen trong Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Cartagena.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.\/.<\/p>\n
NBCA<\/strong><\/p>\n \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u t\u00e2m cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch […]\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":6894,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9113"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9113"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9113\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9114,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9113\/revisions\/9114"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6894"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9113"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9113"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbca.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9113"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}