{"id":59276,"date":"2021-08-16T12:04:01","date_gmt":"2021-08-16T05:04:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/?p=59276"},"modified":"2021-08-16T12:27:18","modified_gmt":"2021-08-16T05:27:18","slug":"thuc-tien-trien-khai-tu-danh-gia-hieu-qua-hoat-dong-dua-tren-mo-hinh-giai-thuong-chat-luong-tren-the-gioi-va-boi-canh-ap-dung-tai-viet-nam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/thuc-tien-trien-khai-tu-danh-gia-hieu-qua-hoat-dong-dua-tren-mo-hinh-giai-thuong-chat-luong-tren-the-gioi-va-boi-canh-ap-dung-tai-viet-nam\/16\/08\/2021\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, cho ph\u00e9p doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh, \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (GTCL) kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u00f4n vinh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p quan t\u00e2m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c; n\u00e2ng cao v\u1ecb th\u1ebf, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, cho ph\u00e9p doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh, \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, qua \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh c\u1ea3 b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i doanh nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong su\u1ed1t ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn, s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u0110\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EFQM Excellence Model) v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ed1c gia Hoa K\u1ef3 (Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Baldrige) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c DN. Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc (Business Excellence Model – BEM) ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong c\u1ea3 khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7n Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c gia Hoa K\u1ef3 (NIST), c\u01a1 quan \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Baldrige v\u00e0 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EFQM), c\u01a1 quan \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh EFQM Excellence Model, l\u00e0 hai t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean GTCL cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, DN \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, DN m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. C\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2.1. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc (BEM) l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u00e1c M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n (TQM). Ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc). Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u201cS\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc\u201d trong m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc (c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng) g\u1eafn t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf h\u1ea7u kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c1 (APO), M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc gi\u00fap c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfp theo. C\u00e1c M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5p cao m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Theo m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh doanh nghi\u1ec7p – \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c GTCL nh\u01b0 Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Deming, Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Baldrige v\u00e0 EFQM Excellence Model \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u gi\u1ea3i GTCL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, chu\u1ea9n so s\u00e1nh (benchmarking) v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. Dahlgaard Jens J. v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2013) nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cGi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Baldrige, EFQM Excellence Model v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Deming l\u00e0 3 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t\u201d. \u201cVi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng BEM c\u00f3 2 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc v\u00e0 hai l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u1ee5\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh 3 Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t\u00a0v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay. Ngu\u1ed3n: T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n

S\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a 3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh GTCL (Xem b\u1ea3ng) \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia. Hi\u1ec7n nay, tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 96 GTCL c\u1ee7a 83 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ed1c gia (GTCLQG) c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Hoa K\u1ef3 (NIST) – c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed9 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 giao ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Baldrige, hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 23 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Baldrige, v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 39 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng EFQM Excellence Model. C\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ef1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong hai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh GTCL \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 hai.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00e1c M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ed1c gia x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh GTCL. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0y, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1c GTCL c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc (BE), cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf t\u1ea7m qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc hay GTCL n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. COER (2021).<\/span><\/p>\n

2.2. T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean GTCL b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c GTCL nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean GTCL s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. Do \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean GTCL nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec3n khai \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng TQM, GTCL. (Theo Van der Wiele v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (1997)).<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean GTCL. Theo Conti T. (1998), qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Zink, K.J. v\u00e0 Schimdt, A. (1998) cho r\u1eb1ng, T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo EFQM (2020), T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, mang t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EFQM Excellence Model). Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ti\u1ebfp sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chu tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.3. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean GTCL hay M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

– T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. (Vernero v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2007), Hides v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2004)).<\/span><\/p>\n

– T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh do cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. (Vernero v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2007), Hides v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2004), Gadd (1995)).<\/span><\/p>\n

– T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 gi\u00fap t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. (Hillman, G.P. (1994)).<\/span><\/p>\n

– T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c. (Hillman, G.P. (1994), Aly (1997), Gadd (1995), Wilson v\u00e0 Pearson (1995)).<\/span><\/p>\n

– T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng vi\u1ec7c tham gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xem x\u00e9t, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, qua \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c, s\u1ef1 tham gia v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. (Hillman, G.P. (1994)).<\/span><\/p>\n

– T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p cao, n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng giao quy\u1ec1n cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c. (Hillman, G.P. (1994), Gadd (1995), Shergold v\u00e0 Reed (1996)).<\/span><\/p>\n

– T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. (Fountain (1998), Wilkes v\u00e0 Dale (1998)).<\/span><\/p>\n

– T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p cao t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Gadd (1995).<\/span><\/p>\n

– T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a trong c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh, tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. Gadd (1995), Myers v\u00e0 Heller (1995).<\/span><\/p>\n

2.4. C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng qua T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p – Zink v\u00e0 Schmidt (1998). T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cho ph\u00e9p to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh h\u01a1n – Laszlo (1999). T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc – Savolainen (1999). Ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n – Van der Wiele v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (1996).<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a chu k\u1ef3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u00e0 v\u1edbi l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201cKi\u1ec3m tra\u201d trong Chu tr\u00ecnh L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch – Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n – Ki\u1ec3m tra – C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn (PDCA), b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201cL\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch\u201d c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng n\u0103m (m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p) v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong c\u1ea3 n\u0103m v\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201cTh\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n\u201d, khi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201cC\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn\u201d c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

3.1. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng GTCLQG giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1996 – 2020<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1995 nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng Phong tr\u00e0o N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t – Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong Th\u1eadp ni\u00ean Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1996 – 2005) do B\u1ed9 Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec v\u00e0 giao cho T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. N\u0103m 2007, GTCLQG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Lu\u1eadt Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a. GTCLQG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m v\u00e0 do Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 k\u00fd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trao t\u1eb7ng. GTCLQG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Baldrige v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 – Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng (GPEA) do T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e2u \u00c1 – Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1999 – 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qua h\u01a1n 25 n\u0103m h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c uy t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; t\u00f4n vinh x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh t\u00edch xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft n\u0103m 2020, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 2.035 l\u01b0\u1ee3t doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao t\u1eb7ng GTCL, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 380 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao t\u1eb7ng gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 294 DN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eb7ng b\u1eb1ng khen c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2000 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tham gia Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng GPEA. N\u0103m 2020, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 49 doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao gi\u1ea3i n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.2. Tri\u1ec3n khai ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1995 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, B\u1ed9 Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 t\u00f4n vinh, khen th\u01b0\u1edfng. Do v\u1eady, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd tham d\u1ef1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng theo m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u01b0a h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed GTCLQG \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh, \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd tham d\u1ef1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u1eaft khe, quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 mang n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c thi tuy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh mang n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n cho \u0111a s\u1ed1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi GTCLQG.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh trong ng\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau ch\u00ed GTCLQG m\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd tham d\u1ef1 GTCLQG, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn GTCLQG, v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i. Do v\u1eady, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng GTCLQG nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t GTCLQG. Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh GTCLQG t\u1eeb trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u01b0a tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai GTCLQG theo \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a GTCL.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m qua, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 coi GTCL nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng GTCL \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Do v\u1eady, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a GTCL \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i. doanh nghi\u1ec7p tham gia gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, sau khi \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i, doanh nghi\u1ec7p mu\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh GTCL nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sane xu\u1ea5t – kinh doanh, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb th\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean GTCL th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam; tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Th\u00f4ng qua k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tri\u1ec3n khai n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3\u1ea9y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th.S Ph\u00f9ng M\u1ea1nh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7n Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1.Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i kh\u00f3a 12 (2007), Lu\u1eadt Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, th\u00f4ng qua ng\u00e0y 21\/11\/2007.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 (2008), Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 132\/2008\/N\u0110-CP quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, ban h\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y 31\/12\/2008.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.\u00a0Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 (2018), Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 74\/2018\/N\u0110 – CP s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 132\/2008\/N\u0110 – CP quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, ban h\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y 15\/5\/2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

4.\u00a0B\u1ed9 Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (2019), Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 27\/2019\/TT – BKHCN quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 132\/2008\/N\u0110 – CP v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 74\/2018\/N\u0110 – CP, ban h\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y 26\/12\/2019.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfng Anh:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0Aly, M.A. (1997). Is self – assessment (as a powerful tool for total quality management implementation) suitable in the Middle East context? The experience of a petrochemical global company. Total Quality Management, 8(2\/3), 54 – 9.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0COER (2021), Business Performance Improvement Resource, Centre for Organisational Excellence Research (COER), Massey University, <http:\/\/www.apo.bpir.com><\/span><\/p>\n

3.\u00a0Conti T. (1998). Organizational Self-Assessment, Quality and Reliability Engineering International (1998)<\/span><\/p>\n

4.\u00a0Dahlgaard Jens J. v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. (2013). Business Excellence Models: Limitations, Reflections and Further Development. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 2013 \/ 06 Vol. 24(5 \u2013 6).<\/span><\/p>\n

5.\u00a0EFQM. (2020). The EFQM Model 2020. European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM)<\/span><\/p>\n

6.\u00a0Fountain, M. (1998). The Target Assessment Model as an International Standard for Self-Assessment. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence 9 (4\\5), S95 – S99.<\/span><\/p>\n

7.\u00a0Gadd. (1995). Business self\u2010assessment: A strategic tool for building process robustness and achieving integrated management. Business Process Re-engineering & Management Journal, 1(3), 66 – 85<\/span><\/p>\n

8.\u00a0Hides v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. (2004). Implementation of EFQM Excellence Model Self-Assessment in the UK Higher Education Sector – Lessons Learned from Other Sectors. The TQM Magazine, 16 (3) 194 – 201.<\/span><\/p>\n

9.\u00a0Hillman, G.P. (1994). Making self-assessment successful. The TQM magazine, 6(3), 29 – 31.<\/span><\/p>\n

10.\u00a0Laszlo, G.P. (1999). Implementing a quality management program \u2013 three Cs of success: commitment, culture, cost. The TQM Magazine, 11(4), 231 – 237.<\/span><\/p>\n

11.\u00a0Myers, D.H. v\u00e0 Heller, J. (1995). The dual role of AT&T\u2019s self-assessment process. Quality Progress, 28(1), 79 – 83.<\/span><\/p>\n

12.\u00a0Wilson v\u00e0 Pearson. (1995). Performance-Based Assessment \u2013 External, Internal, and Self-Assessment Tools for Total Quality Management. ASQC – Quality Press, Milwaukee, USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

13.\u00a0Savolainen, T. (1999). Cycles of continuous improvement: Realizing competitive advantages through quality. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 19(11), 1203 – 1222<\/span><\/p>\n

14.\u00a0Shergold K., Reed D. (1996). Striving for Excellence: How Self – Assessment Using the Business Excellence Model Can Result in Step Improvements in All Areas of Business Activities. The TQM Magazine 8(6), 48 – 52<\/span><\/p>\n

15.\u00a0Van der Wiele, A., Dale, B. G. v\u00e0 Williams, A. R. T. (1997). ISO 9000 Series Registration to Total Quality Management: The Transformation Journey. International Journal of Quality Science, 2(4), 236 – 252.<\/span><\/p>\n

16.\u00a0Van der Wiele, A., Williams, A.R.T., Dale, B.G., Carter, G., Kolb, F., Luzon, D. M., Schmidt, A., Wallace, M. (1996). Self-assessment: A study of progress in Europe\u2019s leading organizations in quality management practice. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 13(1), 84 – 104.<\/span><\/p>\n

17.\u00a0Vernero v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1. (2007). A Two – Level EFQM Self-Assessment in an Italian Hospital. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 20 (3) 215 – 31.<\/span><\/p>\n

18.\u00a0Wilkes, N. v\u00e0 Dale, B.G. (1998). Attitudes to self-assessment and quality awards: a study in small and medium-sized companies. Total Quality Management, 9(8), 731-9.<\/span><\/p>\n

19.\u00a0Zink, K.J. v\u00e0 Schimdt, A. (1998). Practice and implementation of self-assessment. International Journal of Quality Science, 3(2), 147 – 170.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, cho ph\u00e9p doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh, \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":59283,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[59,30,27],"tags":[],"acf":{"linh-vuc":"C\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59276"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59276"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59276\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/59283"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59276"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}