{"id":59322,"date":"2021-08-22T07:30:19","date_gmt":"2021-08-22T00:30:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/?p=59322"},"modified":"2021-08-22T11:06:41","modified_gmt":"2021-08-22T04:06:41","slug":"quy-tac-ra-quyet-dinh-mot-yeu-cau-bat-buoc-cho-cac-phong-thi-nghiem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/quy-tac-ra-quyet-dinh-mot-yeu-cau-bat-buoc-cho-cac-phong-thi-nghiem\/22\/08\/2021\/","title":{"rendered":"Quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2013 M\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c cho c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh – Decision Rules l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c cho c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m (PTN) khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n TCVN ISO\/IEC 17025:2017 \u201cY\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n\u201d.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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1. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n

Theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y, PTN ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra quy t\u1eafc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh & th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c PTN phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2017 so v\u1edbi phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2005.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hay hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n (g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m) so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt (YCKT). Khi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u00f9ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a YCKT th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m, b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0a ra, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n chung quanh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y, cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00edt s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i mi\u1ec1n YCKT, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m (ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i b\u00e1c b\u1ecf sai l\u1ea7m).<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u1ee7i ro th\u00ec khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u1eb7p r\u1ee7i ro r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 50 %. Xem h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra:<\/span><\/p>\n

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M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111i k\u00e8m, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o (uncertainty in measurement), nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ISO\/IEC Guide 99 [VIM, TCVN 6165:2009]:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy cho \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111o, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m chung \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ph\u00e9p \u0111o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, c\u1ea3 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u1eabn th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. Khi dung sai \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u1eaft khe, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi dung sai n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p \u0111o, t\u1eeb nhu c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro khi \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ISO\/IEC 17025:2017 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 PTN ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o theo m\u1ed9t YCKT cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch minh b\u1ea1ch, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 C\u01a1 kh\u00ed Hoa K\u1ef3\u00a0ASME B89.7.3.1-2001<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cGuidelines for decision rules: Considering measurement uncertainty in determining conformance to specifications – Ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh: Xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

Quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (decision rule)<\/em><\/strong>: L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o, nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn hay b\u00e1c b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong TCVN ISO\/IEC 17025:2017 v\u1ec1 Quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

+ M\u1ee5c 3.7 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/em>\u201d;<\/span><\/p>\n

+ M\u1ee5c 7.1.3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u201cKhi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00ec quy \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hay ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3\u00a0v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Tr\u1eeb khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 trong quy \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb, quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>\u201d;<\/span><\/p>\n

+ M\u1ee5c 7.8.6.1 \u2026 \u201cKhi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hay ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra, ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quy t\u1eafc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd\u00a0\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro (nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn sai l\u1ea7m, b\u00e1c b\u1ecf\u00a0sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea sai l\u1ea7m) li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy t\u1eafc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy t\u1eafc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3<\/em>\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"Trong n\u0103m 2021 Trung t\u00e2m K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt TC \u0110L CL 3<\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o\u00a0<\/em>v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
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3. N\u1ed9i dung quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

3.1 T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, tuy nhi\u00ean theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 hai t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

– Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Qu\u1ed1c gia Hoa K\u1ef3\/ Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 C\u01a1 kh\u00ed Hoa K\u1ef3 ASME B89.7.3.1-2001 Guidelines for Decision Rules: Considering Measurement Uncertainty in Determining Conformance to Specification \u2013 Ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh: Xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

– T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ILAC-G8:09\/2019 Guidelines on Decision Rules and Statement of Conformity \u2013 Ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

3.2 \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh theo c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO\/IEC 17025:2017.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM D 3244-07a\u00a0Utilization of Test Data: \u201cDetermine Conformance with Specifications<\/em>\u201d [TCVN 6702:2013\u00a0X\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m: \u201cX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u201d<\/em>].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp gi\u1eefa hai ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a b\u00ean mua v\u00e0 b\u00ean cung \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn hay b\u00e1c b\u1ecf l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng; ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c mua b\u00e1n d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hai b\u00ean mua v\u00e0 b\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o m\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n nay ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng ch\u01b0a quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o\u00a0khi l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu<\/strong>. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o khi th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.3 R\u1ee7i ro khi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p \u0111o v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1t\/Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trong hai h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00a0\u0111\u00fang\u00a0<\/strong>hay quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00a0kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang\u00a0<\/strong>v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1\u00a0ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi<\/strong>\u00a0YCKT.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 lu\u00f4n \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o. H\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 hai k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o A v\u00e0 B c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 nhau nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb A c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o n\u1eb1m tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n trong mi\u1ec1n YCKT. Trong khi B c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi A v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i mi\u1ec1n YCKT.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\"\"Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1ee7i ro ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn sai l\u1ea7m trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p B cao h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p A r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1edfi v\u00ec B c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o th\u00ec trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p B; m\u1ee9c r\u1ee7i ro khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t cao, l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 50 % (hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 n\u0103m \u0103n n\u0103m thua).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng uy t\u00edn kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1eb3ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb g\u00ec khi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m k\u00e8m theo s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n r\u1ee7i ro l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.4 D\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro khi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m d\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (guard band), c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. H\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed d\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\"\"\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c d\u1eddi c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c YCKT th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n khi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n

Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y d\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ee9c YCKT v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a quy t\u1eafc. D\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0a ra quy t\u1eafc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro khi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng w = U v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 2,5 %. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro kh\u00e1c nhau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn b\u1eb1ng 3U ho\u1eb7c cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng 0 (ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n).<\/span><\/p>\n

3.5 Quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, v\u00e0o quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v.v.. m\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

a) Quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p th\u1eed quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao v\u1ec1 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p \u0111o ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0, ph\u1ea7n n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n mi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n YCKT.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\"\"K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p khi so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c (ph\u00eda tr\u00ean) nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/div>\n

+ \u0110\u1ea1t<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111o (A & B) n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c YCKT tr\u00ean;<\/span><\/p>\n

+ Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111o (C & D) n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c YCKT tr\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

b) Quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 d\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

+ \u0110\u1ea1t-<\/strong>\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111o (A & B) n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean;<\/span><\/p>\n

+ Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t-<\/strong>\u00a0b\u00e1c b\u1ecf khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111o (C & D) n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"c) Quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 d\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n)<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 khi so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c (ph\u00eda tr\u00ean) nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

+ \u0110\u1ea1t<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111o (A) n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean;<\/span><\/p>\n

+ \u0110\u1ea1t c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111o (B) n\u1eb1m trong d\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c YCKT;<\/span><\/p>\n

+ Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111o (C) n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c YCKT, nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c YCKT c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi d\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7\u00a0w;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

+ Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111o (D) n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c YCKT c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi d\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7\u00a0w.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\"\"Ch\u00fa \u00fd khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00e2m ch\u01b0\u1edbc cho vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00f3 hai b\u00ean th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/div>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn) khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf n\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi quy t\u1eafc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ecdn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy t\u1eafc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.6 M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0u \u00fd khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

a) Quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c PTN th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m;<\/span><\/p>\n

b) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng;<\/span><\/p>\n

c) PTN c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 zero) \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro;<\/span><\/p>\n

d) PTN ph\u1ea3i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m\u201d;<\/span><\/p>\n

e) Quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, v\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v.v..;<\/span><\/p>\n

f) Quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110inh V\u0103n Tr\u1eef<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Quy t\u1eafc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh – Decision Rules l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c cho c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m (PTN) khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n TCVN ISO\/IEC 17025:2017 \u201cY\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n\u201d. 1. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y, PTN ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra quy […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":59323,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[59,27],"tags":[],"acf":{"linh-vuc":"\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59322"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59322"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59322\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/59323"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59322"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59322"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59322"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}