{"id":59548,"date":"2021-10-06T10:05:43","date_gmt":"2021-10-06T03:05:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/?p=59548"},"modified":"2021-10-06T10:05:43","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T03:05:43","slug":"do-luong-trong-phan-tich-luong-du-lieu-lon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/do-luong-trong-phan-tich-luong-du-lieu-lon\/06\/10\/2021\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khai th\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c trong c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 4.0.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gia t\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian tham s\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111a tham s\u1ed1…<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m chung, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra tri \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c m\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm\u201d th\u00f4ng tin. BMWi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng minh-\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d (Smart Data \u2013 Innovation based on Data) v\u1edbi 30 tri\u1ec7u euro \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eb1m thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf.\u00a0V\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng minh-\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d, B\u1ed9 Kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Li\u00ean bang, \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho 13 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1edf ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng minh \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, SMEs \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u1ea4n ph\u1ea9m \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng minh-\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a.\u00a0Khi doanh nghi\u1ec7p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng \u201ctheo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n\u201d v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 \u201cD\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21\u201d (21st Century\u2019s Oil) ho\u1eb7c \u201c\u0110\u1ea5t m\u00e0u m\u1ee1\u201d (Fertile Soil)…\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 90%) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong hai n\u0103m qua. Trong \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh trong y t\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee5p CT ho\u1eb7c \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1\u2026 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111o c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u00e1y \u0111o quang near-field c\u1ee7a PTB c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o quang th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111a chi\u1ec1u. Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a NQI tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, PTB s\u1ebd c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t SI \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111a chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i PTB \u201cm\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0: m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o… th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u201cM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d (Mathematical Modelling and Data Analysis).<\/span><\/p>\n

Do l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111o v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p \u0111o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, PTB ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gia t\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian tham s\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111a tham s\u1ed1…<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ph\u00e9p \u0111o v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111o ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn sang c\u00e1c c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi (V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng) v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u00e2u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, nh\u1eb1m chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ea1m vi, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng v\u1eabn b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m duy tr\u00ec th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p \u0111o c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chung gi\u1eefa d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u201cL\u1eadp m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m trong PTB. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh, hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p \u0111o duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 100 GB d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o b\u1ed5 sung, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n v\u0103n \u0110\u1ee9c c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o t\u1ea1o ra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111a chi\u1ec1u; tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nhu c\u1ea7u quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea3 thi v\u00e0 tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan trong.<\/span><\/p>\n

PTB h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o. \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111a chi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tin c\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u201cH\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 Quang h\u1ecdc s\u00f3ng\u201d (Imaging and Wave Optics) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u201cM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch D\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d, PTB c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 trong quang h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khai th\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Data Mining Methods) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c trong c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 4.0. Qua \u0111\u00f3, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un quang \u0111i\u1ec7n theo chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean k\u1ebft chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho ph\u00e9p thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea5m wafer ho\u1eb7c cho ph\u00e9p \u201cph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng s\u1edbm\u201d trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/div>\n

C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng (nh\u01b0 H\u1ecdc m\u00e1y v\u00e0 M\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o) ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng nhanh.\u00a0M\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01a1-ron. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o sinh h\u1ecdc n\u01a1i m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1-ron n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01a1-ron kh\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1eadt l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n kinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed7i n\u01a1-ron \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u2013 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c li\u1ec7u r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u201cd\u1eebng\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u201cki\u1ec3m tra\u201d b\u1edfi c\u00e1c n\u01a1-ron \u2013 d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5, m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u00e1y, ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, \u200b\u200bk\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o giao th\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n kinh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u d\u1eebng hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u201cv\u00e9c-t\u01a1 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t\u201d. Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn 86% m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u d\u1eebng, 7% r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, v\u00e0 5% c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con di\u1ec1u b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t trong c\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1,\u2026 v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang hay sai.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n nay th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201cH\u1ecdc s\u00e2u\u201d (Deep Learning) 1. Do c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201cH\u1ecdc s\u00e2u\u201d \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m NQI, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n nay, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p theo ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng Fraunhofer, Vi\u1ec7n Heinrich Hertz (HHI) \u1edf Berlin t\u1eadp trung nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111o v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u01a1 khai. M\u1ed9t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u00ednh r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00e0 Minh Hi\u1ec7p – \u0110o\u00e0n Anh V\u0169 – Tr\u1ecbnh Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Linh – Ho\u00e0ng Ng\u1ecdc Minh – Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ng\u1ecdc Minh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khai th\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c trong c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 4.0. Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gia t\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":59549,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[59,30,27],"tags":[],"acf":{"linh-vuc":"\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59548"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59548"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59548\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/59549"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59548"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59548"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59548"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}