{"id":71508,"date":"2022-11-25T12:42:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-25T05:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/?p=71508"},"modified":"2022-12-06T12:44:02","modified_gmt":"2022-12-06T05:44:02","slug":"du-thao-quy-chuan-gioi-han-tiep-xuc-cho-phep-cua-70-yeu-to-hoa-hoc-tai-noi-lam-viec","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/du-thao-quy-chuan-gioi-han-tiep-xuc-cho-phep-cua-70-yeu-to-hoa-hoc-tai-noi-lam-viec\/25\/11\/2022\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o quy chu\u1ea9n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a 70 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf \u0111ang d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o Quy chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a 70 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

Quy chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ti\u00ea\u0301p x\u00fac cho ph\u00e9p 70 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, bao g\u1ed3m: Acrolein; Acrylamit; Acrylonitril; Amyl axetat; Anhydrit phtalic; Antimon; ANTU; Atphan; Axeton xyanohydrin; Axetonitril; Acid formic; Acid methacrylic; Acid nitric; Acid phosphoric; Acid picric; Acid trichloacetic; Azinpho methyl; B\u1ea1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t; Benomyl; Benzidin; Benzoyl peroxide; Benzyl chlorua; Beryli v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t; Brom; 1,3-butadien; Butylaxetat; Butylacrylat; Carbonfuran; Calci cacbonat; Calci hydroxide; Calci oxide;<\/p>\n

Calci silicat; Calci sulfat dihydrat; Calci cyanamid; Caprolactam (kh\u00f3i); Captan; Carbaryl; Catechol; Ch\u00ec tetraethyl; Ch\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t; Chloraxetaldehyt; Chlor dioxide; Chloraxetophenon; Chlorbenzen; Chlorpren; Cresol; Crotonaldehyt; Cumen; D\u1ea7u kho\u00e1ng (s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9); D\u1ea7u m\u1ecf (napthas); D\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng; D\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt (d\u1ea1ng s\u01b0\u01a1ng); Dung m\u00f4i stoddard; \u0110\u00e1 talc, ho\u1ea1t th\u1ea1ch (b\u1ee5i h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p); \u0110\u00e1 talc, ho\u1ea1t th\u1ea1ch (ch\u1ee9a \u00edt h\u01a1n 1% quartz); Demeton; Diazinon; Diboran; Dibutyl phthalat; 1,1-Dichlor ethan; 1,1-Dichlor ethylen; Dichlorvos; Dicrotophos; Dimethylamin; Dimethylformamide; 1,1-Dimethylhydrazin; Dimethyl sulfat; \u0110initrotoluen (DNT); Dinitrobenzen.<\/p>\n

Quy chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng; c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quan tr\u1eafc m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng; c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t sinh c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng y t\u1ebf (B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf) ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y.\u00a0Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p quy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn trong quy chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung ho\u1eb7c thay th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Trong d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o n\u00e0y, B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf c\u0169ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ban h\u00e0nh quy chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1\u00a0Acrolein,\u00a0Benzoyl peroxit, ch\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Acrolein,\u00a0Acrolein c\u00f3 t\u00ean danh ph\u00e1p theo IUPAC l\u00e0 2-propenal, l\u00e0 aldehyde kh\u00f4ng no \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u v\u1edbi m\u00f9i h\u00f4i th\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ee5c. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: CH2CHCHO. T\u00ean kh\u00e1c: acraldehyde; acrylic aldehyde; allyl aldehyde; ethylene aldehyde; acrylaldehyde.<\/p>\n

Acrolein \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb propylen v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c.\u00a0Acrolein ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t c\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea3o trong c\u00e1c k\u00eanh t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau. Trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n trong c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc khoan, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed m\u00f9i hydro sulfide v\u00e0 thiol.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb acrolein. Amino acid methionin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam metanethiol. Acrolein ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 v\u1edbi axetaldehyde v\u00e0 c\u00e1c amin \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra metylpyridin. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t trung gian trong t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Skraup c\u1ee7a quinolines. Acrolein \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu v\u1eadt sinh h\u1ecdc cho k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Acrolein l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi da, m\u1eaft v\u00e0 m\u0169i, l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi acrolein, C\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd An to\u00e0n v\u00e0 S\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u1edf 0,1 ppm (0,25mg\/m3) \u1edf trung b\u00ecnh theo th\u1eddi gian 8 ti\u1ebfng. Acrolein ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u00e1ch \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1ebf b\u00e0o quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 ung th\u01b0. Acrolein c\u00f3 trong kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1i \u0111a cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a acrolein trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.\u00a0T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p Acrolein t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Q\u0110 s\u1ed1 3733\/2002\/BYT. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u01b0a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia (QCVN), quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac cho ph\u00e9p v\u1edbi acrolein t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

\"\"\n

\u1ea2nh minh ho\u1ea1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0Benzoyl peroxit, \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t k\u1ebft tinh kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i, m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed = 242,24; nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y = 103-105\u00baC (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y n\u1ed5 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y khi \u0111un n\u00f3ng); \u0110i\u1ec3m ch\u1edbp ch\u00e1y = 80\u00baC; \u00c1p su\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u01a1i = 1 mmHg \u1edf 20\u00baC. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f2a tan k\u00e9m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y = 80\u00baC. Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed1i nguy (d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 NFPA-704 M): S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe – 2, T\u00ednh d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y – 4, Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng – 3 (ch\u1ea5t oxy h\u00f3a).<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng m\u1eaft, da v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p. H\u00edt ph\u1ea3i: 1,3 mg \/ m3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng m\u0169i h\u1ecdng; 12 mg \/ m3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng ph\u1ed5i, th\u1edf kh\u00f2 kh\u00e8 nh\u01b0 hen suy\u1ec5n, gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ecbp tim v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u00f3 th\u1edf v\u00e0 s\u1eefng s\u1edd. Da: dung d\u1ecbch 5% l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean da trong 12 gi\u1edd g\u00e2y m\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ecf, s\u01b0ng t\u1ea5y v\u00e0 b\u1ecfng r\u00e1t. Dung d\u1ecbch 5% l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean da trong 48 gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Dung d\u1ecbch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 20% \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u00fat g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

M\u1eaft: 2,6 mg\/m3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng. Nu\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i: c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c nu\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt cho th\u1ea5y li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 3\/4 pound. LD50 =(chu\u1ed9t u\u1ed1ng) 7710 mg \/ kg.\u00a0Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m cho da; ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n k\u00e8m theo ho, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddm v\u00e0 \/ ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 th\u1edf.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1i \u0111a cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a benzoyl peroxit trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.\u00a0T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p benzoyl peroxit t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Q\u0110 s\u1ed1 3733\/2002\/BYT. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u01b0a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia (QCVN), quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac cho ph\u00e9p v\u1edbi\u00a0benzoyl peroxit\u00a0t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t,\u00a0 ch\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00ean danh ph\u00e1p theo IUPAC l\u00e0 Lead. L\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee5c, m\u1ec1m, c\u00f3 m\u00e0u x\u00e1m, kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: Pb. T\u00ean kh\u00e1c: Lead metal, lead element, lead flake, plumbumlead.\u00a0Ch\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ec1m, n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh. Ch\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng xanh khi m\u1edbi c\u1eaft nh\u01b0ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u1ec9n m\u00e0u th\u00e0nh x\u00e1m khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Ch\u00ec kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng \u00edt g\u1eb7p.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf d\u1ea1ng qu\u1eb7ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebdm, b\u1ea1c, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu h\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. Kho\u00e1ng ch\u00ec ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 galena (PbS), trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ec chi\u1ebfm 86,6% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 cerussite (PbCO3) v\u00e0 anglesite (PbSO4). Ch\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh kinh doanh v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ec l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ea7n kinh t\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong m\u00f4 m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 trong x\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh, tim m\u1ea1ch, th\u1eadn, h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 m\u00e1u.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m ch\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, x\u1eed l\u00fd, kinh doanh v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u00ec trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1 d\u1ee1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u ch\u00ec. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1 d\u1ee1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ec, l\u00f3t ch\u00ec trong b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1, k\u00ednh pha ch\u00ec, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ec ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee7a ch\u00ec. Trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f3i chung, ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u00ec trong v\u1eadt h\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc, pin s\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00ec, th\u1ee7y tinh pha ch\u00ec, \u0111\u1ed3ng thau ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t. Ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m ch\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f2n trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0, ch\u00ec g\u00e2y nguy h\u1ea1i m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ecf trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Ch\u00ec trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u00edt v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh \u0103n u\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i khi n\u00f3 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ec nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0o m\u00e1u. Nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u00ec do nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ec trong m\u00e1u \u1edf tr\u1ebb em. Ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ec th\u1ea5p trong m\u00e1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u00ec l\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm, cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 Tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00e1u tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ngay c\u1ea3 khi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ec trong m\u00e1u r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 thai ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang thai ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u00ec v\u00ec n\u00f3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c cho thai nhi. M\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u00ec kh\u00e1c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng mang b\u1ee5i ch\u00ec v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 tr\u00ean qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u01a1 quan nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ung th\u01b0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IARC) ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m 2B, l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t (ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1i \u0111a cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.\u00a0T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Q\u0110 s\u1ed1 3733\/2002\/BYT. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u01b0a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia (QCVN), quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac cho ph\u00e9p v\u1edbi ch\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eb1m c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Theo VietQ<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf \u0111ang d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o Quy chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a 70 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Quy chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ti\u00ea\u0301p x\u00fac cho ph\u00e9p 70 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, bao […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[22],"tags":[],"acf":{"linh-vuc":"\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71508"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71508"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71508\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71508"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=71508"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=71508"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}