{"id":73383,"date":"2023-05-10T10:42:20","date_gmt":"2023-05-10T03:42:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/?p=73383"},"modified":"2023-05-10T10:42:22","modified_gmt":"2023-05-10T03:42:22","slug":"kinh-nghiem-quoc-te-ve-phat-trien-ha-tang-chat-luong-quoc-gia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/kinh-nghiem-quoc-te-ve-phat-trien-ha-tang-chat-luong-quoc-gia\/10\/05\/2023\/","title":{"rendered":"Kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia (NQI) ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay, NQI c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c bao g\u1ed3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u1ea1nh tranh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n

NQI ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n NQI r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 NQI.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t NQI l\u00ean t\u1ea7m chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, Hoa K\u1ef3, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh, \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau b\u1eadt v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ed1c gia Malcolm Baldrige n\u0103m 1987 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh cho c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c gia \u201cTh\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u\u201d, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p h\u01a1n 30% v\u00e0o t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c gia. T\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u201cS\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn C\u1ee5m tri th\u1ee9c\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p d\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay, NQI c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n

V\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 NQI c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u li\u00ean quan theo s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt M\u1ef9 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Chuy\u1ec3n giao C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u0103m 1995 (NTTAA 1995) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 th\u00f4ng qua v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1996. \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c gia (NIST), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong mua s\u1eafm v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tham gia v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1999, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c ban h\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt khung v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 128 c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt NQI t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a NQI \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n do c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u1edf M\u1ef9, V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh, \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9ng sau c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n cao, uy t\u00edn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u00f3i chung kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea1nh tranh.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh cho l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c NQI. M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0110\u1ed1i t\u00e1c M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1988 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 NQI v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf th\u00f4ng qua quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u01b0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 li\u00ean bang, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n bang, hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c. N\u0103m 2007, Ph\u00e1p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u201cC\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf (SME) tham gia v\u00e0o Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\u201d v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 500 000 Euro \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf tham gia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd NQI t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh xoay quanh c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t: ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n; NQI ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n; s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. C\u1ea3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 NQI c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n vai tr\u00f2 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u201cChi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d, \u201cK\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 5 n\u0103m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 13 v\u1ec1 Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u201d, \u201c\u0110\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh trung v\u00e0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (2006\u20132020)\u201d, \u201cChi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi – T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 chung s\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0nh \u0111ai kinh t\u1ebf\u201d, \u201cCon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a NQI c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng NQI v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a NQI trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf khu v\u1ef1c, n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf c\u1eeda cao v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a NQI \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, vai tr\u00f2 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa; s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng; kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u1eabn nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vai tr\u00f2 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Trong s\u1ed1 \u201cba kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh an to\u00e0n ch\u00ednh\u201d: an to\u00e0n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, an to\u00e0n ki\u1ec3m tra xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m d\u1ecbch; an to\u00e0n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng; ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng ghi nh\u1eadn.\u00a0Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n NQI nh\u1edd thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng, tr\u00e1nh xa l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf thu h\u00fat chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Seoul. H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng Khu v\u1ef1c 5 n\u0103m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (2018\u20132022) t\u1ea1i \u1ee6y ban T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2019 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ch\u00edn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh trong ba l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 QI c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. M\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cho t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng khu v\u1ef1c, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111a chi\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean do ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1eabn d\u1eaft.\u00a0Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n NQI th\u00f4ng qua Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Singapore<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Singapore trong vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t trong vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 40% c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn trong c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u201cc\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadt h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng linh ho\u1ea1t: n\u1ebfu s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00ec c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef cho chi ph\u00ed kinh doanh th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a.\u00a0Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Singapore l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n NQI th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Indonesia<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u Indonesia h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi B\u1ed9 H\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 Th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 C\u01a1 quan Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a Qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. GQSP Indonesia hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c trong khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i 21 huy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 9 t\u1ec9nh tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Indonesia. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Indonesia \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cung v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, th\u00f4ng qua ba l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c can thi\u1ec7p g\u1ed3m: t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5; c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\u00a0Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Indonesia l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n NQI th\u00f4ng qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Indonesia tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Ch\u00e2u \u00c1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia (Quality Infrastructure Index, QII) ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u1edf t\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c gia. Tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, NQI c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (Global Quality Infrastructure Index, GQII). V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec GQII \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n NQI \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o G20 (2016), \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi, an to\u00e0n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu v\u1edbi thi\u00ean tai, t\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n theo c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn, trong khi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n th\u00f4ng qua v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 qua c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng n\u00f3i chung, v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 Qu\u1ef9 Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IMF), T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Kinh t\u1ebf (OECD) v\u00e0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WB). \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\u00a0V\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00eau tr\u00ean, B\u1ed9 Kinh t\u1ebf \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u GQII 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng GQII 2020 d\u1ef1a theo s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia (NQI) c\u1ee7a 184 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. Theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh cho NQI c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ba tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn.\u00a0M\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t 100 \u0111i\u1ec3m. T\u1ea1i GQII 2020, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u (\u0110\u1ee9c) \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m 99,5, trong khi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng cu\u1ed1i (Nam Sudan v\u00e0 Timor Leste) c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 27. Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 76,8, x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng 54, chi ti\u1ebft xem b\u1ea3ng 1 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y (Ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb https:\/\/gqii. org).<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng GQII 2020, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a 184 qu\u1ed1c gia, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a NQI tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb GQII c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cho m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n khu v\u1ef1c, GQII cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec3m chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi l\u1eabn nhau. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng GQII ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a NQI nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o NQI s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi cao, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 NQI v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho NQI cao nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 hay ch\u01b0a.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 GQII cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf- x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo VietQ<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia (NQI) ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia. Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3,9,30,2901],"tags":[],"acf":{"linh-vuc":"C\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73383"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=73383"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73383\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=73383"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=73383"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=73383"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}