{"id":82872,"date":"2025-01-03T10:24:00","date_gmt":"2025-01-03T03:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/?p=82872"},"modified":"2025-05-12T08:32:08","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T01:32:08","slug":"moi-quan-he-giua-bang-sang-che-do-luong-va-ha-tang-chat-luong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/moi-quan-he-giua-bang-sang-che-do-luong-va-ha-tang-chat-luong\/03\/01\/2025\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (QI) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u QI \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a QI v\u00e0o t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf, Ann Ramkissoon v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u1edf l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (GQII) v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m kh\u00e1c nhau, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n xin c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

D\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (PATSTAT) c\u1ee7a V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EPO) v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 GQII \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u GQII.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u xem x\u00e9t t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9p b\u1edfi c\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t minh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2000 t\u1edbi nay. H\u1ecd xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u00ec ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u00eam hay kh\u00f4ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong B\u1ea3ng 1.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 1. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan: Ngu\u1ed3n: T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb GQII v\u00e0 EPO-PATSTAT M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00fd ngh\u0129a: *p \u2264 0,05, **p \u2264 0,01, ***p \u2264 0,001.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u2013 H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 n\u1ed9p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 Qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u2013 H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 Qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

T\u1ed5ng \u0111i\u1ec3m GQII<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.3496***<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.3496***<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng GQII<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2.3468***<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2.3366***<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn theo ISO 17025<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.6642***<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.6674***<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh key comparisons \u0111\u00e3 tham gia (so s\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.6792***<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.6829***<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh supplementary comparisons \u0111\u00e3 tham gia (so s\u00e1nh b\u1ed5 sung)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.4672***<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.4721***<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111o v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n (CMCs)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.6518***<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.6562***<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean quan<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.5782***<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.5822***<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0110i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.5549***<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.5458***<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.3693**<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.3666**<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.2373<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.2427<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Nhi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.3297**<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.3304**<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Quang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.4539**<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.4531**<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.7557***<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.7619***<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u00c2m thanh v\u00e0 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.0013<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.0056<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.4996***<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0.5107***<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, Ann Ramkissoon v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng \u0111i\u1ec3m GQII. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng trong khi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m GQII cao h\u01a1n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh 1 cho th\u1ea5y 5 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong s\u1ed1 185 qu\u1ed1c gia trong b\u1ea3ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng GQII (\u0110\u1ee9c, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Hoa K\u1ef3, V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n) c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01a1n xin c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng cao nh\u1ea5t. C\u0169ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 Brazil (17), Nam Phi (20), Malaysia (33) v\u00e0 Colombia (39), n\u1eb1m trong top 50 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng GQII v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01a1n xin c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng cao. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 Panama (99), Iceland (110) v\u00e0 Lichtenstein (164) x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p trong GQII trong khi c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01a1n xin c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng cao. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 Uzbekistan (67) v\u00e0 Ethiopia (83) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng cao trong GQII trong khi c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01a1n xin c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n

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H\u00ecnh 1. H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng theo \u0111i\u1ec3m GQII: Ngu\u1ed3n: T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb GQII v\u00e0 EPO-PATSTAT<\/strong>.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

H\u00ecnh 2 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n xin c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2000 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2021. \u0110\u1ee9c, qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong GQII v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 99,37% v\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n QI, c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01a1n xin c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. Trong t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Ann Ramkissoon v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1, \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01a1n xin c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng cao th\u1ee9 ba, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t x\u1ebfp sau Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 hai trong GQII, v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 99,12%. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01a1n xin c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020, \u0111\u01b0a Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01a1n xin c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng cao th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 trong t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 ba trong GQII v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 98,85%. Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 duy tr\u00ec v\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01a1n xin c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ecb th\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1edbm b\u1ecb th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n

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H\u00ecnh 2. H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u0110\u1ee9c, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 \u2013 2000-2021: Ngu\u1ed3n: T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb GQII v\u00e0 EPO-PATSTAT<\/strong>.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, Ann Ramkissoon v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng trong GQII. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u01a1ng, trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf t\u1ea1o n\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a GQII \u0111\u1ec3 xem li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 n\u1ed9p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng hay kh\u00f4ng. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u1eefa s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn theo ISO 17025 v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 n\u1ed9p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u1eefa t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111o v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n (CMCs) trong m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 n\u1ed9p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. Khi xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa CMCs v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 n\u1ed9p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng sau: kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean quan, \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i, nhi\u1ec7t, quang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1, v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian, \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eefa t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 so s\u00e1nh b\u1ed5 sung m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia tham gia v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 n\u1ed9p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn theo ISO 17025, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng so s\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CMCs, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y v\u1edbi chu\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u00e2n \u0111o (BIPM) thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 CMCs, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c so s\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u so s\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh (KCDB) c\u1ee7a BIPM. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 CMCs \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia theo qu\u1ed1c gia, khu v\u1ef1c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng khu v\u1ef1c (RMO) (Ramkissoon v\u00e0 Harmes-Liedtke, 2024). Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf theo n\u0103m. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo d\u00f5i theo th\u1eddi gian d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2000 \u0111\u1ebfn nay. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c n\u0103m c\u1ee7a CMCs c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng cho t\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c gia. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1ed9t, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y cho nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f9ng l\u00fac.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u00e1c so s\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 2000 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p theo \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eeb KCDB v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 so s\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch theo khu v\u1ef1c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 RMO (Ramkissoon v\u00e0 Harmes-Liedtke, 2024). Ngo\u00e0i ra, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng so s\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cho t\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u1edbi t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ecdn nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f9ng l\u00fac. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u1edf c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chu\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian \u1edf c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn theo ISO 17025. Nh\u00f3m GQII \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1eedi b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c C\u01a1 quan c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn (AB) tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean trang web c\u1ee7a AB. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c AB kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i, nh\u00f3m GQII d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n tr\u00ean trang web c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c, tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n do s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp, ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c AB c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt trang web c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ILAC) thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn theo ISO 17025 cho b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (Ramkissoon v\u00e0 Harmes-Liedtke, 2024). C\u00f3 s\u1eb5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo th\u1eddi gian \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 15 n\u0103m; tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng khai \u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 li\u1ec7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u do ILAC thu th\u1eadp c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch theo c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia hay kh\u00f4ng. V\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia cho ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cho nh\u1eefng n\u0103m m\u00e0 GQII \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, trong khi c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn theo ISO 17025, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng so s\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CMC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng so v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9p, Ann Ramkissoon v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y do nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a QI v\u00e0o t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ann Ramkissoon v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a QI trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho QI.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: https:\/\/qi4d.org\/2024\/11\/14\/the-relationship-between-metrology-patents-and-quality-infrastructure\/<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Ann Ramkissoon: Nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Trinidad v\u00e0 Tobago. Hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i Florence, \u00dd. B\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1c s\u0129 v\u1ec1 Kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc G\u00f6ttingen v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Florence. B\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 Kinh t\u1ebf, Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Warwick. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Peter Neuh\u00e4usler (Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi Fraunhofer ISI) v\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Abhishek Saurav (Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (QI) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u QI \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a QI v\u00e0o t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf, Ann Ramkissoon v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u1edf l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ecd […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":82875,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[22,27],"tags":[],"acf":{"linh-vuc":"\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82872"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=82872"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82872\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":85018,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82872\/revisions\/85018"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/82875"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=82872"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=82872"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tcvn.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=82872"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}