{"id":10055,"date":"2022-10-25T15:15:01","date_gmt":"2022-10-25T08:15:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/?p=10055"},"modified":"2022-10-25T15:15:01","modified_gmt":"2022-10-25T08:15:01","slug":"tang-vot-chi-phi-nang-luong-co-dong-nghia-voi-cat-giam-tieu-thu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/tang-vot-chi-phi-nang-luong-co-dong-nghia-voi-cat-giam-tieu-thu\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u0103ng v\u1ecdt chi ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10056\" src=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/25.10.22.1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"767\" height=\"521\" \/>Th\u1eddi b\u00e3o gi\u00e1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u d\u1ea7n ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u00edt n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n<\/em><em>\u1ea2nh: Yau Ming Low\/Alamy<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u1ed9t m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u1edbn l\u00ean t\u00fai ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u1edf Ukraine khi\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n cung d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t b\u1ecb th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t, trong khi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn gia t\u0103ng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1. Vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. C\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u do thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ngu\u1ed3n cung, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 <strong>th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, <strong>m\u1ee9c c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft s\u1ebd l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau &#8211; v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen m\u1edbi s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao l\u00e2u?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh vi <em>(behavioural scientists)<\/em> \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng Mark Andor, nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh t\u1ebf RWI-Leibniz \u1edf Essen, \u0110\u1ee9c cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u201cth\u1eaft l\u01b0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1ee5ng\u201d n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u1ea1i Anh, theo b\u00e0 Lorraine Whitmarsh, nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Bath, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea Qu\u1ed1c gia cho th\u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Anh \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t. C\u00f2n \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean gi\u1ea3m 6% trong th\u00e1ng 3 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 4 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m 29% trong tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00e1ng 10, so v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u0103m 2021.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Theo b\u00e0 Whitmarsh, nh\u1eefng c\u00fa s\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eadp trung c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, r\u1ea5t \u00edt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea1m vi, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 theo ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng Andor l\u01b0u \u00fd, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, do \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eeba thi\u1ebfu m\u00e1y b\u01a1m nhi\u1ec7t v\u1eeba thi\u1ebfu th\u1ee3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb 5\u201315%. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020, m\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng \u00a0<em>(randomized-controlled trial &#8211; RCT)<\/em> ch\u1ec9 ra, khi b\u1ed5 sung chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb <em>(appliance-level detail)<\/em> s\u1ebd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u00eam 5% n\u1eefa so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh <em>(aggregate household data)<\/em>. Theo \u00f4ng Andor, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft gi\u00fap x\u00f3a tan nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111ang ng\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh vi Madeline Werthschulte t\u1ea1i Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh t\u1ebf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ZEW-Leibniz, Mannheim, \u0110\u1ee9c, mu\u1ed1n c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m &#8211; ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n nho nh\u1ecf cho h\u1ed9 n\u00e0o gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u00fd th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p t\u00f9y theo bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. \u00d4ng Andor cho hay, n\u1ebfu tr\u1ee3 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean lu m\u1edd.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Li\u1ec7u th\u00f3i quen c\u00f3 d\u1ea7n phai nh\u1ea1t?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00fa t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, b\u00e0 Whitmarsh cho r\u1eb1ng th\u00f3i quen ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00f3i quen c\u0169 s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00e0 c\u0169ng n\u00f3i th\u00eam, khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i thay ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ai t\u1eebng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00ec l\u00fd do kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng chi ph\u00ed sinh ho\u1ea1t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec th\u00f3i quen m\u1edbi l\u00e2u d\u00e0i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, th\u00f3i quen \u201ct\u1eb1n ti\u1ec7n\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u hy sinh v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec v\u00ec ai c\u0169ng th\u00edch t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n nghi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch: Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Thu Trang, Ban KH&amp;QLKH<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Th\u1eddi b\u00e3o gi\u00e1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u d\u1ea7n ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u00edt n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u1ea2nh: Yau Ming Low\/Alamy &nbsp; M\u1ed9t m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u1edbn l\u00ean t\u00fai ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u1edf Ukraine [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10056,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10055","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tong-hop"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10055","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10055"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10055\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10055"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10055"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10055"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}