{"id":11892,"date":"2023-11-09T11:09:18","date_gmt":"2023-11-09T04:09:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/?p=11892"},"modified":"2023-11-21T09:09:13","modified_gmt":"2023-11-21T02:09:13","slug":"dien-hat-nhan-o-viet-nam-nhung-niem-hy-vong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/dien-hat-nhan-o-viet-nam-nhung-niem-hy-vong\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam: Nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>C\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i sinh \u0111\u1ea7y hy v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc nghi\u00eam t\u00fac vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1996 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi, n\u0103m 2011, Nga v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 2,4 t\u1ec9 watt d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 2020. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11\/2016, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o than \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t. Nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u, g\u1ea7n 10% m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng do c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed carbon, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, sau khi nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00f4-\u0111un nh\u1ecf (SMR) v\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11909 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/localhost\/vinatom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/9.11.23.1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/9.11.23.1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/9.11.23.1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/9.11.23.1-696x463.jpg 696w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/>Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edbi khai th\u00e1c th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c phi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u1ea2nh: Trong Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin\u00a0li\u00ean quan<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>1.1 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00f3 ba l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 y t\u1ebf. Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ba \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u1edbn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (MOST) l\u00e0: C\u1ee5c N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam (VAEA), Vi\u1ec7n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam (VINATOM) v\u00e0 C\u1ee5c An to\u00e0n B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (VARANS). VAEA l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 B\u1ed9 KH&amp;CN qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. VARANS \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c an to\u00e0n; n\u0103m 2015, C\u1ee5c k\u00fd th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ty GEH c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch an to\u00e0n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n cho l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i. VINATOM, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 VAEI, ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong hai l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c: \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, VINATOM gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (INST), Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 X\u1ea1 hi\u1ebfm (ITRRE), Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t (DNRI) v\u00e0 Trung t\u00e2m \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (NTC). Ngo\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, INST th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (R&amp;D) v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a neutron trong c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n cho c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u1ed5i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00f4-\u0111un nh\u1ecf<sup>1<\/sup>; ITRRE c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1; DNRI qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn trong ph\u1ea7n sau; Trung t\u00e2m \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (MONRE) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. C\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 Kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng uranium \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0110i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam (EVN) tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch l\u1edbn t\u1ea1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Ninh Thu\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00edt kinh nghi\u1ec7m, chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>1.2 M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>N\u0103m 1995<\/em>: kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 2015, khi nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1t h\u01a1n 100 t\u1ec9 kwh.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Th\u00e1ng 2\/2006<\/em>: nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n 2 t\u1ec9 watt s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Th\u00e1ng 8\/2007<\/em>: Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n 2 t\u1ec9 watt \u0111\u1ebfn 2020 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 8 t\u1ec9 watt \u0111\u1ebfn 2025.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 2008<\/em>: Lu\u1eadt chung v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u1edf ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Th\u00e1ng 7\/2011<\/em>: Quy ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Ninh Thu\u1eadn 1v\u00e0 2 v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 8 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng lo\u1ea1i 1 t\u1ec9 watt, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 m\u1edbi \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 2020 \u0111\u1ebfn 2027, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai l\u00f2 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn 2029. MOIT ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, MOST h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Th\u00e1ng 1\/2014<\/em>: Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n t\u1edbi b\u1ed1n n\u0103m do kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng C\u01a1 quan N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IAEA) \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Th\u00e1ng 2\/2014<\/em>: C\u00f4ng ty Vi\u1ec7t Nam (Doosan Vina) nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i K\u0129 s\u01b0 C\u01a1 kh\u00ed Hoa K\u1ef3 (ASME) v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t linh ki\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Th\u00e1ng 1\/2015<\/em>: VAEA th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 2019.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Th\u00e1ng 3\/2016<\/em>: b\u1ea3n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i\u00a0<em>Quy ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020<\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2028, d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030 \u0111\u1ea1t 4,6 t\u1ec9 watt.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Th\u00e1ng 11\/2016<\/em>: Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i ho\u00e3n v\u00f4 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hai nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Th\u00e1ng 3\/2022<\/em>: B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ban h\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0a SMR v\u00e0o c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc sau n\u0103m 2030.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Th\u00e1ng 6\/2022<\/em>: B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1edbi Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 cam k\u1ebft t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd thi\u1ebfu \u201c<em>ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>1.3 D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Ninh Thu\u1eadn (2011-2016)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hai l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 2 t\u1ec9 watt t\u1ea1i Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Dinh, ph\u00eda Nam Ninh Thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y hai t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y 2 t\u1ec9 watt \u1edf V\u0129nh H\u1ea3i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. D\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030 theo sau l\u00e0 6 t\u1ec9 watt n\u1eefa. M\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n nhu c\u1ea7u cao kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1t 8 t\u1ec9 watt v\u00e0o 2025 v\u00e0 15 t\u1ec9 watt (10% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1) v\u00e0o 2030 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i 8 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m thu\u1ed9c 5 t\u1ec9nh, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00eam 4 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y t\u1ea1i hai \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 6 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y \u1edf ba ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m trung t\u00e2m \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean. T\u1eeb 2011 \u0111\u1ebfn 2015, nhi\u1ec1u li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Nga v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Ninh Thu\u1eadn, \u1edf Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Dinh v\u1edbi Nga v\u00e0 \u1edf V\u0129nh H\u1ea3i, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 20 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, v\u1edbi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u00e1c s\u1ebd t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 85% cho m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y l\u1ebd ra l\u00e0 L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo ki\u1ec3u ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a trao tay; c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft \u1edf c\u1ea5p li\u00ean ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0110i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a Nga v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Dinh, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ecb ho\u00e3n v\u00f4 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c di d\u1eddi hai l\u00e0ng, n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft v\u1edbi H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Ph\u00e1p, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Canada.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11910\" src=\"http:\/\/localhost\/vinatom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/9.11.23.2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/9.11.23.2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/9.11.23.2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/9.11.23.2-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/9.11.23.2-265x198.jpg 265w, https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/9.11.23.2-696x522.jpg 696w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u1ed5i Akademik Lomonosov, cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng cho Chaun-Bilibino h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh \u1edf Pevek, thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Nga. Ngu\u1ed3n \u1ea3nh: world-nuclear-news.org<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>1.4 C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1980 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103m 1984 theo th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi Nga, l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t 500kW \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thu\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (\u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t). L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y thay th\u1ebf l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1963 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb M\u1ef9 th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970. N\u0103m 2007, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e0u th\u1ea5p. L\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t neutron, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. H\u01a1n b\u1ed1n th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u01a1n tru, l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, l\u00f2 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 cho c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m y h\u1ecdc h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y v\u0103n. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u00f3a l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho\u1ea3ng 70 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong c\u00e1c m\u1eabu kh\u00e1c nhau; c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 neutron v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. L\u00f2 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb 2010, ROSATOM h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi MOST \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t Trung t\u00e2m (CNEST, n\u0103m 2011 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh CNST, t\u00ean vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a Trung t\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n) d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p l\u1ef1c 15MW thay th\u1ebf l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t. Hi\u1ec7n nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 10 tri\u1ec7u watt: v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 9\/2023, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng IAEA<sup>2<\/sup>, Th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00ea Xu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n B\u1ed9 KH&amp;CN tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng \u201c[\u2026]\u00a0<em>L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eeba cung c\u1ea5p cho n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. Hi\u1ec7n nay, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia v\u00e0o n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t trung b\u00ecnh 10MW. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thay th\u1ebf l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 c\u0169, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cam k\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf-x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea3m \u01a1n s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 quan trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n TC th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n An to\u00e0n L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. Vi\u1ec7t Nam mong \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi IAEA, bao g\u1ed3m tham v\u1ea5n, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, v.v\u2026, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y. H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong hai n\u0103m t\u1edbi, bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3 thi<\/em>.\u201d Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c, nhu c\u1ea7u thay th\u1ebf l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m Duy Hi\u1ec3n<sup>3<\/sup>, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m, chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y \u1edf \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e1nh cao.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>1.5 Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u0103m 2014, 344 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 sang Nga h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Dinh v\u00e0 150 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Rostov. \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2017, 28 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh sinh vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc s\u00e1u n\u0103m v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Qu\u1ed1c gia Nga. Cu\u1ed1i 2014, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u00e1ch khoa H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i (HUST) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0110i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi GEH v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10\/2015, m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa GEH v\u00e0 VAEA nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n 10 n\u0103m, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 Toshiba v\u00e0 Hitachi \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i HUST.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hi\u1ec7n nay, sau khi h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2016, ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? Khi c\u1eed thanh ni\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u1edf nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef li\u00ean l\u1ea1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi h\u1ecd trong th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecd \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, t\u1ea1o cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 duy tr\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi h\u1ecdc \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn, bi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00f4 \u00edch. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 theo nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 t\u00f4i quen thu\u1ed9c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i Nga trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Ninh Thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n; ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 duy tr\u00ec ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i INST, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n ch\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00f4-\u0111un nh\u1ecf (SMR)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>2.1 T\u1ed5ng quan ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">SMR c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ec9 watt th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. L\u00f2 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh m\u00f4-\u0111un, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i l\u00f2 n\u00e0y l\u00e0: kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh; an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; ti\u1ebfp nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n; di\u1ec7n t\u00edch nh\u1ecf, \u00edt r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00f2; chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1ea5p; cho ph\u00e9p tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ea7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng; c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1eeb xa. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1edbn th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, SMR c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t trong bu\u1ed3ng ng\u1ea7m k\u00edn n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4-\u0111un cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c SMR m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n khi t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u00ednh m\u00f4-\u0111un cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed gi\u1ea3m sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i SMR cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u trong khi c\u00e1c l\u00f2 kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn ch\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11911\" src=\"http:\/\/localhost\/vinatom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/9.11.23.3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1170\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/9.11.23.3.jpg 1170w, https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/9.11.23.3-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/9.11.23.3-1024x613.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/9.11.23.3-768x459.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/9.11.23.3-696x416.jpg 696w, https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/9.11.23.3-1068x639.jpg 1068w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1170px) 100vw, 1170px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">SMR duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t l\u00f5i b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phun \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00e1y b\u01a1m l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, di\u1ec5n ra ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ra kh\u1ecfi khu v\u1ef1c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n. SMR c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t khi x\u1ea3y ra tai n\u1ea1n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf SMR t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, l\u00f5i l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p, b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong th\u00f9ng l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u00edn. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01b0u th\u1ebf so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ch\u00f4n l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t khi h\u1ebft th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, t\u0103ng t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n khi x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">SMR th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a SMR l\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1t, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m, kh\u1eed mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hydro.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u01afu v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a SMR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb sang kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n cho m\u1ed7i tri\u1ec7u watt \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ebfu SMR ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb SMR. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n coi ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tai h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn phi l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong n\u0103m th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed carbon \u0111ang mang l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i sinh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ea1i coi SMR nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch su\u00f4n s\u1ebb h\u01a1n khi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">SMR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh dung trong nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng neutron nhi\u1ec7t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u00a0<sup>235<\/sup>U l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm neutron v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o nhanh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t\u00a0<sup>239<\/sup>Pu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft; ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 v\u1eeba qua, c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia v\u00e0o n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 SMR th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 80 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf 19 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y SMR \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Nga. T\u1ed5 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng HTR-PM l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed m\u00f4-\u0111un nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1ea7ng s\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Linglong-1, l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ACP100 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 125 tri\u1ec7u watt, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c<sup>4<\/sup>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o 2026. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1p d\u1ea1ng m\u00f4-\u0111un, quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf, \u0111a m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n cao, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n, s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n. Trung Qu\u1ed1c coi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a SMR l\u00e0 \u201c<em>\u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n mong mu\u1ed1n khai th\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n s\u1ea1ch, an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc tham gia S\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn V\u00e0nh \u0111ai v\u00e0 Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11912\" src=\"http:\/\/localhost\/vinatom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/9.11.23.4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/9.11.23.4.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/9.11.23.4-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/9.11.23.4-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/9.11.23.4-696x464.jpg 696w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/>C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111ang gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c thanh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. Ngu\u1ed3n: Rosatom<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u1ede Nga, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c, l\u1ea5y thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u00e0u ph\u00e1 b\u0103ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u1ed5i Akademik Lomonosov v\u1edbi hai l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng KLT-40 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 30 tri\u1ec7u watt b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2010 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Th\u00e1ng 11\/2020, ROSATOM c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t RITM-200N SMR tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n \u1edf Yakutia. L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd thay th\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb than, d\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda. RITM-200 l\u00e0 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1p t\u00edch h\u1ee3p do OKBM Afrikantov ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 55 tri\u1ec7u watt. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 KLT-40. N\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u00a0<sup>235<\/sup>U \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u t\u1edbi 20% v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u 10 n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 60 n\u0103m khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 s\u00e1u n\u0103m. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn b\u00ean trong l\u1edbp v\u1ecf t\u1ea1o h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. ROSATOM d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y RITM-200N c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p th\u1ee9 hai \u1edf Yakutia. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng t\u01b0, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf khu v\u1ef1c B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Yakutia<sup>5<\/sup>\u00a0v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n. ROSATOM \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u0103ng chuy\u1ec1n. T\u1ed5ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u1edf B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y SMR trong 10-15 n\u0103m t\u1edbi s\u1ebd l\u00e0 15 l\u00f2 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ROSATOM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho Nga m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>2.2 SMR cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0103ng nhanh, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u01b0 B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1edbi Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i<sup>6<\/sup>, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u do nhu c\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 than v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n nay tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed3i sinh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng VINATOM, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y<sup>7<\/sup>\u00a0v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u1edf quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf sau 2030 trong d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o Quy ho\u1ea1ch Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb 2021 \u0111\u1ebfn 2030 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn 2045<sup>8<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, tr\u00e1nh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Ninh Thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i l\u00e0 do thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Th\u00e1ng 5\/2013, Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean, tham m\u01b0u cho Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9, ban, ng\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a IAEA, C\u01a1 quan \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng T\u00edch h\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c gia (INIR) v\u00e0 C\u01a1 quan \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh T\u00edch h\u1ee3p (IRRS) \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo ng\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn xung \u0111\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa B\u1ed9 Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<sup>9<\/sup>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<sup>10<\/sup>, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3i c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quan s\u00e1t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng. \u00d4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u0103m 2013, m\u00e0 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sinh, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n cho \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, am hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c quan li\u00eau. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c thu th\u1eadp b\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n thu\u1ed9c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0110i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 bao qu\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng khai th\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf Nga v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 M\u1ef9, Ph\u00e1p, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam. H\u1ecd n\u00ean c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb mang t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thi\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c sau quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 2016.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u01b0u ti\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c mua l\u1ea1i SMR. T\u1eeb m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a ra, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb SMR s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam tham gia v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang \u1edf quy m\u00f4 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 quan li\u00eau c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf quy m\u00f4 10 t\u1ec9 watt. Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i l\u00f2 trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho ch\u00fang ta c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m quen \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tin th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ec9 watt.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh d\u1ecb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1i qu\u00e1 ng\u00e2y th\u01a1; T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. C\u00f2n qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tin \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a SMR. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00edch l\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft tay ngay v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n m\u00e0 t\u00f4i v\u1eeba m\u00f4 t\u1ea3. Trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, vi\u1ec7c Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u1ecdc \u0110i\u1ec7p\u00a0<\/strong><em>d\u1ecbch<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; background: white; margin: 0cm 0cm 15.6pt 0cm;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Crimson Text', 'serif'; color: black; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">Ch\u00fa th\u00edch<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; background: white; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Crimson Text', 'serif'; color: black; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">1<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Crimson Text', 'serif'; color: black; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">\u00a0https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/en\/study-on-technology-and-safety-of-floating-nuclear-power-plants-using-small-modular-reactors\/<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; background: white; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Crimson Text', 'serif'; color: black; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">2\u00a0<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Crimson Text', 'serif'; color: black; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">https:\/\/www.iaea.org\/sites\/default\/files\/23\/09\/viet-nam-gc67.pdf<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; background: white; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Crimson Text', 'serif'; color: black; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">3<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Crimson Text', 'serif'; color: black; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">\u00a0https:\/\/tienphong.vn\/nganh-hat-nhan-truoc-van-hoi-co-lo-phan-ung-moi-manh-hon-han-lo-da-lat-post1301289.tpo<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; background: white; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Crimson Text', 'serif'; color: black; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">4<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Crimson Text', 'serif'; color: black; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">\u00a0https:\/\/www.globaltimes.cn\/page\/202309\/1297689.shtml<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; background: white; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Crimson Text', 'serif'; color: black; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">5<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Crimson Text', 'serif'; color: black; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">\u00a0https:\/\/rosatom-asia.com\/press-centre\/news\/rosatom-obtained-a-license-for-the-first-land-based-smr-in-russia\/<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; background: white; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Crimson Text', 'serif'; color: black; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">6<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Crimson Text', 'serif'; color: black; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">https:\/\/en.evn.com.vn\/d6\/news\/Minister-of-Industry-and-Trade-clarifies-concerns-of-National-Assemblys-members-about-transitional-renewable-energy-projects-66-163-3532.aspx<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; background: white; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Crimson Text', 'serif'; color: black; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">7<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Crimson Text', 'serif'; color: black; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">\u00a0https:\/\/vietnamnews.vn\/opinion\/1250817\/nuclear-power-might-be-the-answer-to-clean-energy-demand.html<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; background: white; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Crimson Text', 'serif'; color: black; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">8<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Crimson Text', 'serif'; color: black; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">\u00a0https:\/\/en.vietnamplus.vn\/ministry-proposes-developing-nuclear-power-on-small-scale\/223522.vnp<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; background: white; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Crimson Text', 'serif'; color: black; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">9<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Crimson Text', 'serif'; color: black; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">\u00a0https:\/\/www-ns.iaea.org\/downloads\/ni\/safety_convention\/7th-review-meeting\/vietnam_nr-7th-rm.pdf<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; background: white; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Crimson Text', 'serif'; color: black; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">10<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Crimson Text', 'serif'; color: black; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;\">\u00a0N\u0103m 2012, trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Ninh Thu\u1eadn, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng \u201c<em><span style=\"font-family: 'Crimson Text','serif';\">Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t, ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n [\u2026] Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 Argonne v\u00e0 Oak Ridge, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u00f3 Obninsk, Anh c\u00f3 Harwell, Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 Saclay, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o t\u1eadp trung n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c. Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 Fermi v\u00e0 Walter Zinn, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u00f3<\/span><\/em>\u00a0<em><span style=\"font-family: 'Crimson Text','serif';\">Kurchatov, Anh c\u00f3 Cockcroft, Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 Joliot, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u1ee7y ban nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/em>Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c, t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft<em><span style=\"font-family: 'Crimson Text','serif';\">: \u201c\u0110\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch, ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh \u1ee7y vi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1ee7y ban; m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, can \u0111\u1ea3m, h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng v\u00ec s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, d\u00e0nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c cho n\u00f3; m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i l\u00e0m kh\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5u tranh kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady; \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, c\u1ea3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea3i cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u1eafm b\u1eaft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i nh\u1edb, \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Frederic Joliot v\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Hubert Curien \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o; nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c noi theo<\/span><\/em>\u201d.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11914 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/localhost\/vinatom\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/9.11.23.5-150x150-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><a class=\"author url fn\" style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"Pierre Darriulat\" href=\"https:\/\/tiasang.com.vn\/author\/pierre-darriulat-32\/\" rel=\"author\">Pierre Darriulat<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i sinh \u0111\u1ea7y hy v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. &nbsp; Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc nghi\u00eam t\u00fac vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1996 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi, n\u0103m 2011, Nga v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11909,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11892","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tong-hop"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11892","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11892"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11892\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11915,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11892\/revisions\/11915"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11909"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11892"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11892"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11892"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}