V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3, \u0111ang v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u00e2y n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu – l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ef1c \u0111oan ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i (t\u1eeb b\u00e3o t\u1ed1, l\u0169 l\u1ee5t, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eafng n\u00f3ng, h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n, b\u0103ng tan nhanh, h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i b\u1ecb hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u). Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111ang v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u0103n c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u h\u00e0nh tinh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t, ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean gia T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n
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Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu (B\u0110KH) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu g\u1ed3m: Kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, th\u1ee7y quy\u1ec3n, sinh quy\u1ec3n, th\u1ea1ch quy\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o trong m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m hay h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n, hay thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft quanh m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh. B\u0110KH c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u00f3ng l\u00ean, l\u1ea1nh \u0111i… s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ef1c \u0111oan trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi B\u0110KH, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f3i chung.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu do nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n: Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, giao th\u00f4ng, khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ra, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1o ra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh (KNK) r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1t than, d\u1ea7u, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t, t\u1ea1o ra cacbon dioxit v\u00e0 nit\u01a1 oxit\u2026 ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o n\u00ean l\u1ed3ng k\u00ednh kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 bao tr\u00f9m tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng l\u00ean. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f3, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c th\u1ea3i ra r\u1ea5t \u00edt, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea3i KNK, hay c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – Khai th\u00e1c, ch\u1eb7t ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng: H\u1eb1ng n\u0103m, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 12 tri\u1ec7u hecta r\u1eebng b\u1ecb hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t. V\u00ec c\u00e2y xanh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 cacbon dioxit, n\u1ebfu ch\u1eb7t ch\u00fang \u0111i – t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i KNK tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n – Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng l\u00ean: K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o t\u1eeb Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn Paris-2005 cho th\u1ea5y: V\u1edbi ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i KNK nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay, v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ebd n\u00f3ng l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 1,5 \u0111\u1ed9 C so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c, v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 2,5 \u0111\u1ed9 C.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – M\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e0ng cao l\u00ean, khi\u1ebfn m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u0111ang d\u1ea7n d\u00e2ng l\u00ean. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng, bi\u1ec3n b\u0103ng, hay l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba b\u0103ng tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t tan ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho bi\u1ebft: N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng 0,2 cm v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1993 l\u00ean 0,44 cm m\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u00e0o 2022 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd t\u0103ng 0,66 cm m\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u00e0o 2050. N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng, nhi\u1ec1u b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0111ang bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u1eb1m ven bi\u1ec3n. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y: Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed CO2 t\u0103ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng t\u1edbi h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i, ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u0103ng tan, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c r\u1ea1n san h\u00f4 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3m. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y, c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb l\u0169 l\u1ee5t, h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n, ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng axit h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u1ed5ng quan ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, xin ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p (NLSC) v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2022\u00a0[1]\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n nay:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – Ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 NLSC theo lo\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2022, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ej (Exajoule),1Ej=10^18 joules=23884589,66TOE.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u1ed5ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u: 604,04 (g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang: 14,427 t\u1ef7 TOE). Trong \u0111\u00f3, d\u1ea7u: 190,69; kh\u00ed: 141,89; than: 161,47; h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n: 24,13 (4%); th\u1ee7y n\u0103ng: 40,68 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o (NLTT): 45,18.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u theo lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u0103m 2022, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00ednh l\u00e0 TeraWatt hours =1TWh=T\u1ef7 kWh.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u1ed5ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 29. 165,04. Trong \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u: 728,6; t\u1eeb kh\u00ed: 6631,4; t\u1eeb than: 10317,2; t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n: 2679,0 (9%); t\u1eeb th\u1ee7y n\u0103ng: 4334,2; NLTT: 4204,3 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c: 270,5.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i KNK to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u: Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c KNK trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u1ef1c b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb CO2, m\u00eatan, \u00f4z\u00f4n t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u, nit\u01a1 \u00f4xit, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 CFC (ch\u1ee9a carbon, clo, flo) n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 CO2 v\u00e0 m\u00eatan \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 36% v\u00e0 148% k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18. C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c trong su\u1ed1t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y (l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u00f5i b\u0103ng). \u0110\u1ed1t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch (ng\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng) t\u1ea1o ra kho\u1ea3ng 3\/4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed CO2 t\u0103ng th\u00eam t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong v\u00f2ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1990 \u0111\u1ebfn 2005. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 do thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 CO2 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban li\u00ean Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu (IPCC) ch\u1ec9 ra k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n CO2 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1eeb 541 \u0111\u1ebfn 970 ppm (1ppm=1 ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec7u) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2100, t\u0103ng 90-250% k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1750 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i sau n\u0103m 2100 (n\u1ebfu than, d\u1ea7u n\u1eb7ng, m\u00ea tan\u2026 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u1ed5ng m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 n\u0103m 2022 l\u00e0 34.374,1 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n, t\u0103ng 0,9% so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 2021 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 0,6%\/n\u0103m trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2012-2022, trong khi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng NLSC t\u0103ng 1,1% so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 2021 v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2012-2022 t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 1,1%\/n\u0103m. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 l\u00e0 do t\u0103ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 NLSC.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n M\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n tr\u00ean 1 EJ ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng NLSC l\u00e0 56,91 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n, gi\u1ea3m so v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u0103m: 2009: 61,61; 2012: 61,48; 2015: 60,46; 2018: 59,02; 2019: 58,52; 2020: 58,00. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n tr\u00ean 1 EJ ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng NLSC gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng NLSC chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch theo h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u1ea1i COP28 (n\u0103m 2023), l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xem x\u00e9t, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n (Global Stocktake-GST) 5 n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u1eebng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trong Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn Paris. V\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i KNK, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf carbon nh\u01b0: Thu gi\u1eef, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef carbon v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t carbon th\u1ea5p (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed COP, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u00edt ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 n\u00eau r\u00f5 trong m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a COP. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi xu th\u1ebf ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Sau s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Fukushima Daichi v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2011 t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (\u0110HN) \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i an to\u00e0n. C\u01a1 quan N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IAEA) c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u0110HN (h\u01a1n 30 qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi) sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y, c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c gia d\u1eebng \u0110HN nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c; k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y m\u1edbi, xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u \u0110HN c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2022 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 35 qu\u1ed1c gia\/v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u00f3 \u0110HN v\u1edbi tr\u00ean 450 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 50 ngh\u00ecn MWe, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 2679 t\u1ef7 kWh, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 9% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u\u00a0[1,2,3]. Hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 50 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y \u0110HN, v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t tr\u00ean 42 ngh\u00ecn MWe.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n C\u0169ng t\u1ea1i COP28, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u0110HN c\u00f9ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050. Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 22 n\u01b0\u1edbc (trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 UAE v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p, Anh, Canada) k\u00fd v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1. S\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eed carbon ch\u1ed1ng s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an ninh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0o n\u1eeda cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 l\u00e0 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh do vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch; nay c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m nhanh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf. T\u1ea1i COP28, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 3 l\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, \u0110HN c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t \u00edt h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. L\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c-bon th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0110HN l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn n\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 Chernobyl, Fukushima, t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f9ng ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00f2 kh\u00ed nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao m\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u l\u00f2 m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u1eeba s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hydro.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i r\u00e0 so\u00e1t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho th\u1eddi gian x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ecb k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, chi ph\u00ed t\u0103ng cao. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i KNK, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gia t\u0103ng. Ngay c\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0: Hy L\u1ea1p, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Ai C\u1eadp, Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, Ti\u1ec3u V\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ed1c \u1ea2 R\u1eadp Th\u1ed1ng Nh\u1ea5t\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n X\u00e9t theo qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c, th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c (v\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 60 l\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh), Nga v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 (m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 23 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y). Nga v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 2 n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n nay d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0110HN.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ri\u00eang Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n 10 n\u0103m d\u1eebng x\u00e2y m\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111ang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110HN trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng trong 30 n\u0103m t\u1edbi s\u1ebd th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0110HN m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n sinh l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f9ng ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea1i COP28 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0110HN \u0111i v\u00e0o qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n – H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1edbi 85-90% trong khi \u0111i\u1ec7n than, kh\u00ed, d\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 70%, th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u00f3 ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 50%, gi\u00f3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n 35%, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kho\u1ea3ng 23%.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd \u0110HN v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi (th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 III+) l\u00ean t\u1edbi 60 n\u0103m v\u00e0 d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i KNK th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, TCO2t\u0111\/GWh t\u00ednh cho c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n than, m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh: 888, m\u1ee9c cao: 1,310 TCO2\/GWh; t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cao v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ea7u: 733 v\u00e0 935; nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean: 499 v\u00e0 935; \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi: 85 v\u00e0 124; \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3: 26 v\u00e0 124; th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n: 26 v\u00e0 237; \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n: 29 v\u00e0 130.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u0110HN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u1eeb c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, so s\u00e1nh, ch\u00fang ta t\u00ednh su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n, theo ph\u00e9p b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n gia quy\u1ec1n, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n l\u00e0 659 TCO2\/GWh, cao h\u01a1n 24 l\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u0110HN. \u1ede m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n nay (n\u0103m 2022), ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 t\u1eeb \u0110HN \u00edt h\u01a1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0: (695-29) TCO2\/GWhx2679000 GWh=1784.3 tr.TCO2.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n L\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i 1,784 t\u1ef7 TCO2 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a \u0110HN, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t B\u0110KH. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn t\u1ea1i COP28, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0110HN s\u1ebd t\u0103ng ba l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o 2050, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3m CO2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t cao h\u01a1n v\u1edbi 5-6 t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t B\u0110KH nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0m m\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1eeb sau 1996, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110HN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ec1n kh\u1ea3 thi (Pre-FS) . N\u0103m 2002 v\u00e0 n\u0103m 2009, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 2 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i Ninh Thu\u1eadn. Li\u00ean bang Nga v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 hai \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n 2 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2010-2016. T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0110i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam (EVN) \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0110HN \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong\u00a0[4,5], \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u00fd ch\u00ednh:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n – Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0103ng nhanh, c\u1ea7n \u0110HN \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p quy h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, Lu\u1eadt N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed (2008), \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p quy h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh hai \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Dinh v\u00e0 V\u0129nh H\u1ea3i (Ninh Thu\u1eadn) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n Nga v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, v\u1edbi kinh ph\u00ed m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean 30 tri\u1ec7u USD.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 m\u1ecf Uran ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng kh\u00e1, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u00edt h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, giao th\u00f4ng\u2026 C\u00f3 \u0110HN trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i cho ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc cho t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau, th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng v\u1ed1n thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Nam Trung b\u1ed9, nay ch\u1ecbu th\u00eam t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a B\u0110KH.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0110HN \u0111\u00e3 an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c Vi\u1ec7n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam (VINATOM) \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch an to\u00e0n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00fd, cho t\u1edbi nay ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – V\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c, c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, C\u01a1 quan N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IAEA). H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Nga, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, hay H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0110HN s\u1ebd c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c \u201cchi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n\u201d c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110HN \u0111ang ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n VIII, trong 11 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0110HN c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1eb1m trong 3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN c\u00f3 t\u00ednh lan t\u1ecfa m\u1ea1nh, s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n L\u1eddi k\u1ebft:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111ang v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111e d\u1ecda con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch t\u0103ng nhanh v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. \u0110HN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u1ea1i COP28 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u00edt KNK, l\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed to l\u1edbn, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, c\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng quay l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u00edt, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, g\u00f3p th\u00eam ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0m m\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u00f9ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.\/.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n PGS, TS. B\u00d9I HUY PH\u00d9NG – H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG KHOA H\u1eccC T\u1ea0P CH\u00cd N\u0102NG L\u01af\u1ee2NG VI\u1ec6T NAM<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh:<\/strong><\/p>\n \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3, \u0111ang v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u00e2y n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu – l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ef1c \u0111oan ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i (t\u1eeb b\u00e3o t\u1ed1, l\u0169 l\u1ee5t, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eafng n\u00f3ng, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15139,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15129","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tong-hop"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15129","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15129"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15129\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15132,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15129\/revisions\/15132"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15139"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15129"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15129"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15129"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n