{"id":15596,"date":"2024-07-24T14:24:37","date_gmt":"2024-07-24T07:24:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/?p=15596"},"modified":"2024-07-24T14:54:46","modified_gmt":"2024-07-24T07:54:46","slug":"70-nam-nha-may-dien-hat-nhan-obninsk-bai-hoc-lon-tu-lich-su","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/70-nam-nha-may-dien-hat-nhan-obninsk-bai-hoc-lon-tu-lich-su\/","title":{"rendered":"70 n\u0103m nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Obninsk: B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn t\u1eeb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u1eabu sau b\u1ea3y th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, Obninsk, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 n\u00f3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t v\u1eabn b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Obninsk, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u1ea2nh: Rosatom cung c\u1ea5p<\/em><\/p>\n

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Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng s\u00e1u v\u1eeba qua, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Obninsk \u1edf v\u00f9ng Kaluga, n\u01a1i c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Moscow 100 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Nam, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 khoa h\u1ecdc (naukograd) \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Obninsk, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb Idaho, ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u201cm\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc\u201d nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd Blokhintsev.<\/p>\n

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Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc Nga v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

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Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Obninsk \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1954.<\/p>\n

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M\u00f3n qu\u00e0 k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u\u00a0t\u1eeb Obninsk<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Obninsk ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 kh\u00e1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c C\u00f4ng ty M\u00e1y t\u00ednh Kraftway, C\u00f4ng ty X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt luy\u1ec7n kim Rautaruukki, C\u00f4ng ty D\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m Hemofarm, C\u00f4ng ty Lotte Confectionery\u2026, nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Obninsk ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5\/1946, khi Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1 5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh, Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam (Vi\u1ec7n NLNTVN), chia s\u1ebb sau khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 70 n\u0103m nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Obninsk.<\/p>\n

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V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m R&D \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Li\u00ean X\u00f4 (USSR) th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1\u2026 Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp \u1edf Obninsk l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3\u201d, nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd Dmitry Blokhintsev, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1 5, nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i trong cu\u1ed1n k\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu\u00a020 n\u0103m th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Obninsk<\/em>. \u201cV\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1 5 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 so \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang d\u1ea5y l\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1\u201d.<\/p>\n

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\u1ede thu\u1edf b\u00ecnh minh c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, khi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n x\u1ea3y ra trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y. \u201cNh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 Otto Hahn v\u00e0 Fritz Strassmann d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c neutron b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 uranium, l\u00e0m c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n uranium thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 th\u00e0nh hai m\u1ea3nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d, GS. \u0110\u00e0o Ti\u1ebfn Khoa t\u1eebng trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng KHCN v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, Vi\u1ec7n NLNTVN. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 sau \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Lise Meitner v\u00e0 Otto Frisch, ch\u00e1u b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Einstein E=mc2<\/sup>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u201cn\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n chia t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong sinh h\u1ecdc \u2013 ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n\u201d nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf d\u1ea1ng s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

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Ng\u00e0y 27\/6\/1954, t\u1eeb Obninsk, l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi 5 MW, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u201cm\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed khi ch\u1ee9ng minh cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ea5y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

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Khi \u0111\u00f3, Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1 5 \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y gia t\u1ed1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u201ctrong \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 hai d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb, n\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, v\u00e0 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i th\u1ee9 hai r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3\u201d, Blokhintsev vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

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V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ban \u0111\u1ea7u, khi Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1 5 c\u00f2n xa v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n sau n\u00e0y, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf Obninsk v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n. \u201cC\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c doanh tr\u1ea1i, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 nh\u1ecf ki\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea7n Lan, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c quanh c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng\u201d, nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Blokhintsev v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Obninsk khi\u1ebfn th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau t\u1ea1m h\u00ecnh dung ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u201cm\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u201ccu\u1ed1n h\u00fat \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ai c\u0169ng coi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1eb7t v\u00e3nh, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh\u201d, Blokhintsev vi\u1ebft. Sau n\u00e0y, Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1 5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh Vi\u1ec7n V\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n (IPPE) nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd, ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua l\u00e0m bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, Li\u00ean X\u00f4, \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 Anh, tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra \u0111i\u1ec7n. V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 Ngu\u1ed3n di s\u1ea3n (B\u1ed9 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1ef9) c\u0169ng t\u1eebng b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o bom h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00ec ch\u01b0a ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m do ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ee9c t\u00ecm ra th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

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B\u1ea3y th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 sau nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng Alexay Lichachev, T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Rosatom nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t trong l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u m\u00e8 khu\u00f4n s\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u1ed3n \u00e0o nh\u01b0ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng. \u201cVi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn. V\u00ec sao \u01b0, l\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940-1950, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea3, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai v\u1ea1ch ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y\u201d, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

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B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Blokhintsev v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00e0y \u201cT\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u2013 li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng khai th\u00e1c d\u00f2ng di\u1ec7n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Ng\u00e0y nay, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 tin c\u1eady, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1ed7i nghi ng\u1edd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i n\u01a1i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia c\u0169ng th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00eau quan \u0111i\u1ec3m\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

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\"\"TS. <\/em>Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Igor Kurchatov, t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u01b0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Li\u00ean X\u00f4<\/em><\/p>\n

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Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng sau khi Igor Kurchatov, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Li\u00ean X\u00f4, \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 thi l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi neutron ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 Blokhintsev \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch d\u1eabn d\u1eaft d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

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D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y. \u1ede M\u1ef9, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12\/1951, m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u1edf Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c gia Idaho (Tp. Idaho Falls), l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e1i sinh th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m EBR-I \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng b\u1ed1n b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n 200 watt\u201d, TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

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Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n th\u1ebf. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 27\/6\/1954, t\u1eeb Obninsk, l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi 5 MW, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u201cm\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed khi ch\u1ee9ng minh cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ea5y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\u201d, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Lichachev. \u201cKhi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ecdp b\u00e1o, c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, ngay c\u1ea3 C\u01a1 quan N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IAEA) c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y Obninsk c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n\u201d.<\/p>\n

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V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015, khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9, TS. John Morrissey c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110H Stanford \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cN\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua l\u1eb1n ranh ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 5MW, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft hay c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng? Obninsk ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u201d.<\/p>\n

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N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u1edf thu\u1edf b\u00ecnh minh c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Obninsk \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho khoa h\u1ecdc Nga c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n th\u1ebf, TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

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K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1 5 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Obninsk, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi Obninsk, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 hinh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 mang t\u00ean nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 24\/6\/1956. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Obninsk ch\u01b0a khi n\u00e0o g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. C\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u1edbi 12 c\u01a1 s\u1edf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ed3m Vi\u1ec7n K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Obninsk, Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Th\u00fa y Nga, Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Nga c\u00f9ng chi nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u00ean bang, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Obninsk v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Nga m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 y h\u1ecdc, kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u2026<\/p>\n

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\u201cNh\u00e0 m\u00e1y Obninsk l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i d\u00e0nh cho \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 b\u1ecb l\u1ea5n \u00e1t b\u1edfi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. T\u1eeb kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, Obninsk \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a c\u00e1i kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u00e1c m\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d\u00a0<\/em>.<\/p>\n

(Nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd John Morrissey, \u0110H Stanford)\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Obninsk v\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn lao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng n\u00e0y b\u1edfi theo quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh \u201cC\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 KH&CN v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. B\u1edfi v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t KH&CN h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, anh bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi, ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p quy h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 anh l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u1edf ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cao v\u00e0 kh\u1eaft khe nh\u1ea5t\u201d.<\/p>\n

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Nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh Obninsk, nh\u01b0 k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Blokhintsev, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng neutron nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng neutron nhanh cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng cho t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n cho t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Blokhintsev l\u00e0 \u201cthi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng neutron nhi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm beryllium oxide v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t helium. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a beryllium oxide nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm neutron \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y\u201d.<\/p>\n

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Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp theo. \u201cL\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u1edf Obninsk l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf uranium- graphite ki\u1ec3u k\u00eanh, m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ki\u1ec3u k\u00eanh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn (RBMK). Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Obninsk \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 Beloyarsk v\u00e0 Sellafield, Anh\u201d, TS. John Morrissey t\u1eebng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u201cTh\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Obninsk c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 trong m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t tai n\u1ea1n n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d.<\/p>\n

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T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. \u201cTrong l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 70 n\u0103m Obninsk, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tham d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n mang t\u00ean Kurchatov Mikhail Kovalchuk, Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7n Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Dubna Vi\u1ec7n s\u1ef9 Grigory Trubnikov, Hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110H H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Qu\u1ed1c gia (MEPhI) Vladimir Shepchenlo, nguy\u00ean B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 NLNT Li\u00ean bang Nga (MinAtom) Evgeny Adamov\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng quan tr\u1ecdng\u201d, anh n\u00f3i. \u201cC\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a r\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 \u1edf quy m\u00f4 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ed1t \u1edf quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nano\u2026 Khoa h\u1ecdc h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u0169ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, v\u1ec7 tinh l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng gian\u2026)\u201d.<\/p>\n

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Obninsk \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi cho Li\u00ean X\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga sau n\u00e0y. \u201cCh\u00ednh v\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o l\u00e0m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i n\u00ean khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u201cn\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00f4 vi\u1ebft\u201d v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d, TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh n\u00f3i. \u201c\u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n cho c\u1ea3 n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc Li\u00ean X\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga hi\u1ec7n nay r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel nh\u01b0 Lev Landau, Pyotr Kapitsa, Pavel Cherenkov, Igor Tam, Ilya Frank\u2026\u201d.<\/p>\n

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Do \u0111\u00f3, khi nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc Nga n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u201cN\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vai tr\u00f2 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tin c\u1eady. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Obninsk l\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn cho c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i khi mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n\u201d. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Nga v\u00e0 Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, anh nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, Obninsk kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201ck\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, c\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn\u201d. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Obninsk, hay nh\u00ecn r\u1ed9ng ra l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Nga, sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 M\u1ef9, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c\u2026 \u201cKh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n h\u1ecd r\u1eadp khu\u00f4n, sao ch\u00e9p c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a Nga, m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau\u201d, anh n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

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Nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n KH&CN l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Obninsk lu\u00f4n \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u201cNh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d do B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng khoa h\u1ecdc Obninsk \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 70 n\u0103m ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00f4 \u0111un nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean t\u00e0u ph\u00e1 b\u0103ng, t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m, sau gi\u00fap Nga thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u1ed5i Akademik Lomonosov. \u201cT\u00f4i ngh\u0129, l\u00e0m khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung, c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tuy kh\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m tin, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung l\u00e0m th\u00ec bao gi\u1edd c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho khoa h\u1ecdc th\u00f4i\u201d, TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

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Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n mang t\u00ednh ti\u00ean phong bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 theo Blokhintsev, \u201cai c\u0169ng coi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1eb7t v\u00e3nh\u201d. Khi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf Obninsk, TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cBlokhintsev vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh. V\u00e0 theo nh\u1eefng g\u00ec trong b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng khoa h\u1ecdc h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Nga \u1edf Moscow m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tham quan, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u01a1i ph\u1ee5c d\u1ef1ng ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 Igor Kurchatov, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. L\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u01b0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Nga nh\u01b0ng ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Kurchatov b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, ngo\u00e0i b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, gi\u00e1 s\u00e1ch th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i gh\u1ebf d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u1ec9. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u2018\u0110\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu nh\u01b0ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7\u2019\u201d.<\/p>\n

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Thanh Nh\u00e0n<\/a><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u1eabu sau b\u1ea3y th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, Obninsk, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 n\u00f3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t v\u1eabn b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15600,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15596","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tong-hop"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15596","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15596"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15596\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15602,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15596\/revisions\/15602"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15600"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15596"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15596"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15596"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}