Gi\u1eefa v\u00f4 v\u00e0n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m khi Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Trung t\u00e2m KH&CN h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n

$\"\"$ TS. Nguy\u1ec5n Ki\u00ean C\u01b0\u1eddng, Vi\u1ec7n ph\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hai n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0o trung tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1ng 11\/2022, \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam (VINATOM) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi Jordan theo m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh do C\u01a1 quan N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IAEA) g\u1ee3i \u00fd. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ecb s\u00e1t c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i \u1edf Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, TS. Khaled Toukan, m\u1ed9t trong 10 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed\u00a0Nature\u00a0<\/em>n\u0103m 2017. Trong c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Jordan, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh, Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng VINATOM, khi\u1ebfn \u201cJordan \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi t\u1ea7m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed\u201d.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi VINATOM, TS. Khaled Toukan \u0111\u00e3 chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed quy\u1ebft th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Jordan, trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u201cNg\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u2018h\u1ed9p \u0111en\u2019, ch\u1ec9 khi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t sinh\u201d.<\/p>\n

D\u1eabu Jordan m\u1edbi \u0111ang tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (go nuclear) nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a TS. Toukan c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o (emerging nuclear energy countries), trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3?<\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 chuy\u00ean gia R&D ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t an to\u00e0n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n ai?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n
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Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed7i khi nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n hay nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, TS. L\u00ea V\u0103n H\u1ed3ng (VINATOM), c\u00f3 ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c. Trong ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi lo ng\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n an t\u00e2m h\u01a1n c\u1ea3, b\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng sau 50-70 n\u0103m. \u201cNgu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 kh\u00e2u then ch\u1ed1t, c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i cho t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n\u201d, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n
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Ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a IAEA. Trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015, TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c: T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 ba c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (Utilities); c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p quy h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p quy, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tri\u1ec3n khai (R&D) v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt (Technical Support Organizations \u2013 TSO) cho \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. \u201cV\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 R&D cho \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng \u1edf qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, do l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn chung\u201d, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n
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Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 R&D \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1 t\u00e1ch b\u1ea1ch. Theo ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1eafm r\u00f5 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Utilities). \u201cH\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o; v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra th\u00ec [t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf] s\u1ebd ra sao, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c x\u1ea3y ra; c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, hay gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u1ea5p\u201d, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i. Th\u00f4ng qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 R&D ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 n\u1eafm s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n, ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
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$\"\"$ C\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Novovoronezh.<\/em><\/p>\n
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\u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 chuy\u00ean gia R&D ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t an to\u00e0n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. \u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong m\u1ed9t qu\u00e3ng th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i, t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 15 n\u0103m, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 20 n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quy tr\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3, t\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1\u2026\u201d, TS. L\u00ea V\u0103n H\u1ed3ng l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do m\u00e0 TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh cho bi\u1ebft \u201cD\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y\u201d.<\/p>\n
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Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, tuy c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00eau tr\u00ean nh\u01b0ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c. \u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, thao t\u00e1c, quy tr\u00ecnh\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh an to\u00e0n nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, chuy\u00ean gia l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi am hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra ngo\u00e0i (ph\u00eda sau, xa h\u01a1n) vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, hay s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 hay ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1\u201d, TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia an to\u00e0n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n
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S\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau c\u1ee7a hai nh\u00f3m nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u201cb\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 theo chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u\u201d (Defence in Depth) nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n khi \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n
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\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ea7m c\u1ee1 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 (v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 60 n\u0103m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 80 n\u0103m). \u201cCh\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n cho ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c\u201d, TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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Ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/strong><\/p>\n
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\u1ede th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u00cdt ai bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1t nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eebng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11\/2016 \u2013 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 d\u1eebng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Ninh Thu\u1eadn 1 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m l\u1eedng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh. \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng chung c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m \u0111i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2016, khi ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u1eefa\u201d, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0o Ti\u1ebfn Khoa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111au x\u00f3t ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u0103m 2021 c\u1ee7a VINATOM.<\/p>\n
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Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0o Ti\u1ebfn Khoa kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m trong ng\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. \u201cT\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, \u1edf EVN (T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0110i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam), c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u2018\u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n\u2019 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f2n d\u00e1m nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eefa. V\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m nay, khi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00ec b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p\u201d \u2013 chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean trong kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u2013 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2023, do VINATOM, \u0110H B\u00e1ch khoa HN v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ty Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (JINED) t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m.<\/p>\n
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\u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103m 2016 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1edbn n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u201c\u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 5-7 n\u0103m v\u1eeba qua, Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o cho ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d, TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh n\u00eau trong l\u1ec5 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n n\u0103m 2022. Ngay trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u0103m 2022 c\u1ee7a VINATOM c\u0169ng ghi nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng \u201cT\u1eeb n\u0103m 2016 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh ph\u00ed \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho ng\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, trong khi s\u1ed1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean gia gi\u1ecfi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u00edt h\u01a1n do nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00e1 gi\u1ecfi theo h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng hi\u1ebfm hoi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 chuy\u00ean gia gi\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111ang gi\u1ea3m \u0111i nhanh ch\u00f3ng\u201d.<\/p>\n
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$\"\"$ Chuy\u00ean gia IAEA trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (VINATOM).<\/em><\/p>\n
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C\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Ninh Thu\u1eadn 1, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edf c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi g\u1eedi \u0111i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u1edf Nga v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n kho\u1ea3ng g\u1ea7n 500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u201cNgu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1eebng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 130 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf EVN (thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m Utilities), h\u01a1n 410 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u1edf Nga, 27 sinh vi\u00ean \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, 90 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u00e1p quy \u1edf C\u1ee5c An to\u00e0n v\u00e0 B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (VARAN), 30 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u1edf C\u1ee5c NLNT v\u00e0 800 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m R&D, TSO c\u1ee7a VINATOM c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t \u00edt c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n\u201d, TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong \u201cDi\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 Nh\u1eadt l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 14: Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n\u201d, di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 3 v\u00e0 4\/12\/2024 (sau khi Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f9ng VINATOM duy tr\u00ec di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, song song v\u1edbi kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n).<\/p>\n
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S\u1ef1 b\u1ebb l\u00e1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t trong khi l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc sau n\u0103m 2016 c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 l\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean g\u1ed3m 28 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc s\u00e1u n\u0103m t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Qu\u1ed1c gia Nga (MIFI) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2017. Khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u1edf Nga, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 tham gia c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nga, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i EVN v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u1eabu c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. Theo t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a VINATOM, trong v\u00f2ng s\u00e1u n\u0103m, ch\u1ec9 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 20 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u00f3m 500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cam k\u1ebft theo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u00fang ngh\u1ec1.<\/p>\n
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Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Pierre Darriulat c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfc nu\u1ed1i cho ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c b\u1ecb ho\u00e0i ph\u00ed trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean\u00a0Tia S\u00e1ng<\/em>\u00a0v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11\/2023 \u201cKhi c\u1eed thanh ni\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u1edf nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef li\u00ean l\u1ea1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi h\u1ecd trong th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecd \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, t\u1ea1o cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 duy tr\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi h\u1ecdc \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn, bi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00f4 \u00edch\u201d.<\/p>\n
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\u0110\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
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Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng Trung t\u00e2m KH&CN h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 KH&CN, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, t\u1ea1o ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n\u201d. (TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0110\u1ed1t \u0111u\u1ed1c t\u00ecm nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/p>\n
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S\u1ef1 t\u1ea3n m\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Ninh Thu\u1eadn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do trong Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 Nh\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh chia s\u1ebb \u201c\u0110\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c. Ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d.<\/p>\n
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\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ea7m c\u1ee1 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 (v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 60 n\u0103m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 80 n\u0103m), ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi. \u201cCh\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n cho ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c\u201d, TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n
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B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, \u201cc\u01a1n m\u01b0a\u201d ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 quy t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i Nga (h\u01a1n 400 sinh vi\u00ean), Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (27 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9) m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u1ea5p \u1ee7. Trong ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 trong Quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n VIII, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed\u00a0KH&CN h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n<\/em>\u00a0s\u1ed1 10\/2020, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u1edf B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n \u201cc\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cho sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ecfi tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00e2ng cao. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c R&D v\u1ec1 KH&CN h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n\u201d.<\/p>\n
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Do vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n hay c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, luy\u1ec7n kim, th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc v.v. n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 gi\u1ecfi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 g\u1eedi \u0111i h\u1ecdc d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n
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Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Trung t\u00e2m KH&CN h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia (CNEST) v\u1edbi l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1edbi \u0111a m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 10 MW, m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Rosatom thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1eeba th\u00e3i b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m KH&CN h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc (th\u1eadm ch\u00ed xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u)\u2026 \u201cTrung t\u00e2m KH&CN h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eaft x\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p th\u1eed quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng Trung t\u00e2m s\u1ebd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 KH&CN, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, t\u1ea1o ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n\u201d, TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi\u00a0Tia S\u00e1ng<\/em>\u00a0v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013.<\/p>\n
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M\u1ed9t khi \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111a m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c d\u00f2ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f2n \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c, n\u01a1i quy t\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1eefu \u00edch kh\u00e1c cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c b\u1edfi \u201cNgu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u1ecf qu\u1eb7ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n l\u1ea5p \u1edf r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u, kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c qu\u00fd \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u00ecnh\u201d, c\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Anh, Sir Ken Robinson, m\u00e0 TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh tr\u00edch d\u1eabn t\u1ea1i di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n
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Cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, VINATOM v\u1eabn m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho h\u1ecd kho\u1ea3ng 40 chuy\u00ean gia gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 R&D, sau kho\u1ea3ng 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 15 n\u0103m. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, t\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nay \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n tham v\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n \u2013 m\u1ed7i chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0ng\u201d, n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh t\u1eeb chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, TS. Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00e0o Quang (VINATOM) t\u1eebng chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014.<\/p>\n
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N\u0103m 2024, khi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u0103m Nga k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m b\u1ea3y th\u1eadp ni\u00ean th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Obninsk, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i gi\u00fap Nga tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c gia ti\u00ean phong ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean theo h\u00e0m m\u0169 t\u1eeb chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng di\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u201cV\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m R&D \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Li\u00ean X\u00f4 (USSR) th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1\u2026 Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp \u1edf Obninsk l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3\u201d, nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd Dmitry Blokhintsev, t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u01b0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Obninsk, ghi l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
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B\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 \u201cch\u1ee9ng minh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m\u201d (proof of concept) nh\u01b0 \u1edf Obninsk l\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1 5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc qua h\u00e0nh (learning by doing). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, Nga \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
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Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, khi \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng khoa h\u1ecdc, Obninsk v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec di\u1ec5n ra n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n b\u1ea3y th\u1eadp ni\u00ean, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Dmitry Blokhintsev v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m Obninsk v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7\/1955 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00e1p t\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 Ephim Pavlovich Slavsky, B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y c\u1ee1 trung b\u00ecnh Li\u00ean X\u00f4 (B\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n): \u201cTh\u1eadt kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh dung ra con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n m\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi \u0111i th\u1ecb s\u00e1t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i: \u2018\u0110\u00e2y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u00f4i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c!\u2019\u201d.<\/p>\n
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Gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda g\u1ea7n b\u1ea3y th\u1eadp ni\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb Obninsk!<\/p>\n
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Thanh Nh\u00e0n<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Gi\u1eefa v\u00f4 v\u00e0n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m khi Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Trung t\u00e2m KH&CN h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. TS. Nguy\u1ec5n Ki\u00ean C\u01b0\u1eddng, Vi\u1ec7n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16601,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16598","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tong-hop"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16598","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16598"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16598\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16603,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16598\/revisions\/16603"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16601"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16598"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16598"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16598"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}