{"id":1677,"date":"2018-07-09T15:47:34","date_gmt":"2018-07-09T08:47:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/?p=1677"},"modified":"2023-11-28T14:34:57","modified_gmt":"2023-11-28T07:34:57","slug":"dien-hat-nhan-the-gioi-nhung-chuyen-dong-va-xu-huong-phat-trien-moi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/dien-hat-nhan-the-gioi-nhung-chuyen-dong-va-xu-huong-phat-trien-moi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean gia trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i ng\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tai n\u1ea1n nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Fukushima (Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n) n\u0103m 2011 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi cho \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n cao h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u01a1n.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, trong g\u1ea7n 8 n\u0103m qua, \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn t\u00edch c\u1ef1c: 52 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, n\u00e2ng t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean con s\u1ed1 450, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 140 \u0111\u1ebfn 150 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c1, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ch\u00e2u Phi. Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u0103m 2017 c\u1ee7a IAEA, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i 30 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 392.000MWe, cao nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (sau \u0111i\u1ec7n than, kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n), v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p 11% \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed carbon th\u1ea5p th\u1ee9 hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, gi\u00fap th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 20 t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n CO<sub>2<\/sub> v\u00e0o kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, qua \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn chung Paris 2015 \u2013 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trong s\u1ed1 30 qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia theo ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u00f3m 1 Nga, M\u1ef9, Anh, Ph\u00e1p, Canada, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u2013 nh\u00f3m qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, nh\u00f3m 2 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u0110\u1ee9c, Th\u1ee5y S\u1ef9, Ph\u1ea7n Lan, Braxin, Argentina\u2026 \u2013 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp thu c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, nh\u00f3m 3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Belarus, Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, UAE, Bangladesh\u2026<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u1edbi \u01b0u th\u1ebf l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u00f3m 1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n sang nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m 2 v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m 3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 sang c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, gia t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o GDP c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng minh.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13175\" src=\"http:\/\/tvdt.vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/09.7.18.5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"460\" height=\"306\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/09.7.18.5.jpg 460w, https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/09.7.18.5-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/09.7.18.5-150x100.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>T\u1ed5 m\u00e1y s\u1ed1 1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Leningrad (ngu\u1ed3n: Rosatom)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110i \u0111\u1ea7u trong xu th\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Nga, qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh 37 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p 18% s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng 11 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nga c\u0169ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia duy nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u00f3m 1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ee7 ba \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng: 1) C\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1t, ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, an to\u00e0n, c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n; 2) C\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1t; 3) C\u00f3 uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Hi\u1ec7n Nga \u0111ang qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 s\u1eafp ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Leningrad theo c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 VVER 1200\/V491 (c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n Ninh Thu\u1eadn 1); v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Novovoronhetz &#8211; nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 III+ VVER 1200\/V392M &#8211; t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2016; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n cho Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 (c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 VVER 1200) t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 3\/4\/2018, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n cho Bangladesh (c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 VVER 1200) t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 30\/11\/2017; k\u00fd k\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c (c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 VVER 1000, VVER1200), v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 (c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 VVER 1000), Hungary (c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 VVER 1200\/V392M), Ai C\u1eadp (c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 VVER 1200), Ph\u1ea7n Lan (c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 VVER 1200\/V491); k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi Campuchia n\u0103m 2015; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o Lomonosov nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1n qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ngu\u1ed3n (c\u00f9ng Nga, Canada, Anh), M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 99 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p h\u01a1n 20% \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng 3 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y. Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 trong ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ba t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y n\u00e0y v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9i v\u1ed1n so v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh ban \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c C\u00f4ng ty Westinghouse ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n (th\u1ef1c ra b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty). Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, M\u1ef9 \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 AP 1000 cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng 8 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. T\u1ed5 m\u00e1y AP1000 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 6\/2018 t\u1ea1i Sanmen.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13174\" src=\"http:\/\/tvdt.vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/09.7.18.6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"460\" height=\"258\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/09.7.18.6.jpg 460w, https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/09.7.18.6-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/09.7.18.6-150x84.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>T\u1ed5 m\u00e1y s\u1ed1 1 v\u00e0 2 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 AP 1000 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Sanmen (ngu\u1ed3n: CNNC)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eadp trung ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n khi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n. N\u0103m 2017, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 39 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p g\u1ea7n 4% s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u00f4ng qua Lu\u1eadt An to\u00e0n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n trong l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba (l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng h\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c th\u00e1p l\u00e0m m\u00e1t) v\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c D\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 100 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p ba v\u1edbi 280 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 VVER c\u1ee7a Nga, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 AP1000 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 EPR c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Hoa Long 1 v\u00e0 \u0111ang t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc tri\u1ec3n khai thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u1ed5i v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng 20 FNPPs (Floating Nuclear Power Plants)\u00a0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn 2019 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c khai th\u00e1c d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nh\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 III+ EPR1600, Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi 58 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p 71% s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y m\u1edbi \u1edf Flamnaville 3, Ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ea1i Anh, Ph\u1ea7n Lan, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nga\u2026<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">S\u1edf h\u1eefu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u0169 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed, Anh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 15 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, t\u1ea1o ra kho\u1ea3ng 19% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ea7n thay th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111ang l\u00e3o h\u00f3a n\u00e0y, Anh m\u1edbi th\u00f4ng qua k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng kinh ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 262 t\u1ef7 USD, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Anh m\u1edbi th\u00f4ng qua v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 6\/2018). Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 19 GWe, d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>C\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ea7m l\u1eafng v\u00ec lo ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n sau tai n\u1ea1n Fukushima \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac nhanh h\u01a1n d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2014-2015, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi nhu c\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao (n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 d\u00f9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ea5p, c\u1ea7n th\u00eam \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i\u2026). N\u00e9t m\u1edbi trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i \u2013 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia mong mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. Do \u0111\u00f3, th\u00f4ng qua \u201cch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 Nga v\u00e0 M\u1ef9, Canada, ch\u00e2u \u00c1 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, qua \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, UAE, Bangladesh, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c&#8230; M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 2 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e9p, \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u, h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u1eb7t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n 100 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng minh tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc (<em>Smart Cities<\/em> Mission). Hi\u1ec7n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh 22 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y t\u1ea1i 7 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p kho\u1ea3ng 3,3% s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 ra, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng 6 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y theo c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 VVER 1200, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 PHWR v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 4,4 Gwe. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 VVER \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao t\u1eeb Nga, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y AP1000 v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 EPR1600 v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c1 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 C\u00e1c Ti\u1ec3u V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u1ea2 R\u1eadp th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UAE) \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ed1n l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 1400 MWe v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 do H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c chuy\u1ec3n giao, t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n 20 t\u1ef7 USD v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi IAEA v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf gi\u00e0u kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ee9 hai trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n theo nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed kh\u1eaft khe nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi nay. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc Fukushima khi\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n ph\u00e1p quy. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t \u1edf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Nga, M\u1ef9, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n\u2026 Tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng KH&amp;CN h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m nay, Nga v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a Rosatom v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n Kurchatov, Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u an to\u00e0n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n IBRAE, Vi\u1ec7n Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Dubna, tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Moscow\u2026 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n, ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n\u2026 M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 III+ VVER 1200\/V392 M v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng (active safety khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi an to\u00e0n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng (passive safety d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1edf nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y Novovoronhetz. An to\u00e0n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi an to\u00e0n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 VVER c\u1ee7a Nga, APR1400 c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v.v.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y m\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng M\u1ef9, Canada, Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, Th\u1ee5y S\u1ef9 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch cho c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c gia Idaho, Los Alamos, Oak Ridge v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0 MIT, B\u1eafc Carolina\u2026, M\u1ef9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng\u00a0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh to\u00e1n an to\u00e0n, an to\u00e0n ph\u00e1p quy, gia t\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf trong h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chung v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Nga \u2013 M\u1ef9, Nga \u2013 Ph\u00e1p, Nga \u2013 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nga &#8211; \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, M\u1ef9 &#8211; \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, M\u1ef9 &#8211; Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u2013 Ph\u00e1p, Ph\u00e1p &#8211; \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9\u2026 Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi \u201cch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ngo\u1ea1i giao n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa b\u00ean mua v\u00e0 b\u00e1n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n giao tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, khoa h\u1ecdc \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn n\u00ean s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, n\u01a1i x\u1ea3y ra tai n\u1ea1n Fukushima d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. G\u1ea7n 10 n\u0103m sau, ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea1i h\u1ed3i sinh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sau s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 Fukushima, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, do \u0111\u00f3 k\u00e9o theo h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n: t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 62% l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 88% trong v\u00f2ng 4 n\u0103m, nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng trung b\u00ecnh 40 t\u1ec9 USD m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, chi ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u0103ng 13,7%\/n\u0103m, li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n theo c\u00e1c n\u0103m t\u1eeb 70 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 (2012) \u0111\u1ebfn 227 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 (2014) (theo B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n). B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO<sub>2<\/sub> t\u1eeb ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n t\u0103ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong n\u0103m 2012, nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n 39% so v\u1edbi khi c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt \u0111i xa c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, k\u00e9o theo nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2014 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, song song v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 an to\u00e0n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1eaft khe tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00e1i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t, trong D\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 5 (5\/2018), Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac cung v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n\u201d v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n 20-22% trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o kho\u1ea3ng 22-24%, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kh\u00ed h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n than).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13173\" src=\"http:\/\/tvdt.vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/09.7.18.7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"460\" height=\"182\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/09.7.18.7.jpg 460w, https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/09.7.18.7-300x119.jpg 300w, https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/09.7.18.7-150x59.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>T\u1ed5 m\u00e1y s\u1ed1 4 c\u1ee7a n<\/em><em>h\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Genkai (<\/em><em>n<\/em><em>gu\u1ed3n: Kyushu)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110\u1ebfn nay Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 9 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n (t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 l\u00f2 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p l\u1ef1c). C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n: L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Sendai-1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n (08\/2015); L\u00f2 Sendai-2 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10\/2015; Hai l\u00f2 Takahama-3, Takahama-4 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 01 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 02\/2016, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh; Th\u00e1ng 08\/2016 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y Ikata-3; L\u00f2 Ohi-3 v\u00e0 Ohi-4 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 03\/2018 v\u00e0 05\/2018; Sau khi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1edbi l\u00f2 Genkai-3, Genkai-4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 03\/2018 v\u00e0 06\/2018. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 5 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u01a1 quan Ph\u00e1p quy H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p an to\u00e0n trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb li\u00ean quan (trong quy tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng) v\u00e0 12 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh. Theo \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 3\/2019 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 15 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u1eefa ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 cho b\u00e0i to\u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n Kh\u00e1nh Nh\u1eadt, PhD &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Ban K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd khoa h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean gia trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i ng\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tai n\u1ea1n nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Fukushima (Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n) n\u0103m 2011 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi cho \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13175,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,26,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1677","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-quoc-te","category-tin-tong-hop","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1677","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1677"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1677\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13177,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1677\/revisions\/13177"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1677"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1677"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1677"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}