{"id":17950,"date":"2025-08-19T09:35:58","date_gmt":"2025-08-19T02:35:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/?p=17950"},"modified":"2025-08-19T09:35:58","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T02:35:58","slug":"oecd-nea-danh-gia-mot-cach-co-he-thong-tinh-hinh-phat-trien-va-trien-khai-smr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/oecd-nea-danh-gia-mot-cach-co-he-thong-tinh-hinh-phat-trien-va-trien-khai-smr\/","title":{"rendered":"OECD-NEA \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai SMR"},"content":{"rendered":"

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H\u00ecnh 1. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tri\u1ec3n khai th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a l\u00f2 SMR \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/em><\/p>\n

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H\u00ecnh\uff12. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p cho c\u00e1c l\u00f2<\/em><\/p>\n

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Trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9 3 n\u00e0y, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2025, NEA \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 74 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f4ng khai \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 trong s\u1ed1 127 l\u00f2 SMR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong \u0111\u00f3, 7 l\u00f2 \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (H\u00ecnh 1), v\u00e0 51 l\u00f2 \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p (H\u00ecnh 2). V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, 6 l\u00f2 do C\u01a1 quan Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (JAEA), C\u00f4ng ty Blossom Energy v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ty H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Toshiba ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

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H\u00ecnh\uff13\u00a0 S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n SMR t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia<\/em><\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n SMR ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ch\u00e2u \u00c1 (c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean OECD), Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nga, ch\u00e2u Phi, Nam M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Trung \u0110\u00f4ng (H\u00ecnh 3). C\u00e1c SMR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng l\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn chung \u0111ang c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 an ninh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn SMR tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang t\u0103ng cao r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

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V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh. Theo NEA, so v\u1edbi phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2024, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n cho SMR \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0103ng 81%. NEA \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng d\u00f2ng v\u1ed1n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u cho SMR \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 154 t\u1ef7 USD, trong \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 54 t\u1ef7 USD \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb Hoa K\u1ef3, \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfm vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 Google, Amazon, Meta v\u00e0 Dow Chemical \u0111ang t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

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Tuy nhi\u00ean, NEA ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n cung nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. Nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf SMR y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng HALEU (urani l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u\u00a0th\u1ea5p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u U235 t\u1eeb 5-20%) l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf quy m\u00f4 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. V\u1ec1 d\u1ea1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1m oxit urani l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u TRISO (nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u HALEU \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecdc ba l\u1edbp b\u1eb1ng than ch\u00ec ho\u1eb7c g\u1ed1m), nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Do ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quy m\u00f4 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, NEA nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

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NEA d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd ra m\u1eaft phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn \u201cB\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n s\u1ed1 SMR\u201d trong n\u0103m 2025 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

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B\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u00f2 nh\u01b0 HTTR, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c JAEA ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u00f2 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi SMR thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 SMR. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed, l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 NEA \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. Khi xem x\u00e9t tri\u1ec3n khai SMR, c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5p, th\u1eddi gian x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ng\u1eafn, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i SMR.<\/p>\n

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Ngu\u1ed3n: OECD-NEA\u3001Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

International Nuclear Energy Development of Japan (JINED)<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2025, C\u01a1 quan N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (NEA) thu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Kinh t\u1ebf (OECD) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t (phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9 3) c\u1ee7a \u201cB\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n SMR\u201d (NEA SMR Dashboard), \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17951,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17950","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chuyen-muc-tin-dien-hat-nhan-nhat-ban"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17950","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17950"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17950\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17954,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17950\/revisions\/17954"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17951"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17950"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17950"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17950"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}