N\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ion h\u00f3a<\/em> (hay b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n) \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n s\u00e2u trong t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n do t\u00e2m l\u00fd, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac n\u00e0o v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ion h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m. Li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nh\u01b0 qua da, do h\u00edt ph\u1ea3i, hay do \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Nguy hi\u1ec3m<\/em> v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng t\u00edch s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7i S\u1ee3 h\u00e3i nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi Th\u1eddi gian<\/strong> (<\/strong>Radiation = Danger = Fear. Period)<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ion h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 –<\/em> hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 (radiophobia)<\/strong><\/em> [1]- g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 do ch\u00ednh b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ion h\u00f3a<\/em>. V\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i: c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u00e9m bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i Chernobyl v\u00e0 Fukushima.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ion h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chung c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3, m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd<\/strong><\/em> (Life Span Study\u00a0(LSS)) v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau v\u1ee5 n\u00e9m bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u1edf Hiroshima v\u00e0 Nagasaki, \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trong su\u1ed1t 70 n\u0103m qua. Trong v\u00f2ng b\u00e1n k\u00ednh 10 km c\u1ee7a 2 v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, c\u00f3 86.600<\/strong> ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u2013 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hibakusha<\/em><\/strong> – v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi 20.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 563 trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau v\u1ee5 n\u00e9m bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft s\u1edbm v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 do b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 g\u00e2y ra, cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong t\u0103ng \u00edt h\u01a1n 1%.<\/em><\/p>\n

Trong khi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n hibakusha<\/em> nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec1u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 cao, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng li\u1ec1u trung b\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, tuy v\u1eabn c\u00f2n cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Chernobyl ho\u1eb7c Fukushima. \u1ede nh\u1eefng li\u1ec1u trung b\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh LSS n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ion h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m<\/em>. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng li\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u LSS \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng di truy\u1ec1n \u0111a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7<\/strong><\/em>. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng di truy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o \u1edf con c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hibakusha<\/em> n\u00f3i tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, C\u01a1 quan N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IAEA) \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00ec ung th\u01b0 do tai n\u1ea1n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Chernobyl g\u00e2y ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 4.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, chi\u1ebfm 2\/3 c\u1ee7a 1% trong s\u1ed1 600.000 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n Chernobyl nh\u1eadn li\u1ec1u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ee7 cao \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 Fukushima l\u00e0m r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u00edt ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 h\u01a1n Chernobyl, \u1ee6y ban khoa h\u1ecdc Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed (UNSCEAR) [3]\u00a0d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m ho\u1eb7c con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 hai tai n\u1ea1n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 g\u00e2y t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1<\/strong><\/em>.<\/strong> Ch\u00ednh do n\u1ed7i lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1<\/em>, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecf qua <\/em>(ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 do kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft<\/em>) k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh LSS n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, 154.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong khu v\u1ef1c xung quanh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Fukushima Daiichi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng s\u01a1 t\u00e1n. T\u1edd Th\u1eddi b\u00e1o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c di t\u1ea3n n\u00e0y qu\u00e1 v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111i sinh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a 1.656 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 90% s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 t\u1eeb 65 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng th\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a 1.607 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00a0trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WHO) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c di t\u1ea3n Fukushima l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng khu nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1m. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di t\u1ea3n m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t, ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i xa l\u1ea1 trong nh\u1eefng c\u0103n nh\u00e0 t\u1ea1m thi\u1ebfu ti\u1ec7n nghi khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh b\u00e9o ph\u00ec, b\u1ec7nh tim, ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nghi\u1ec7n r\u01b0\u1ee3u, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m, lo l\u1eafng v\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n, c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng sau ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n n\u00f3i chung. Ch\u1ee9ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u1edf tr\u1ebb em<\/em>, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng b\u1ec7nh b\u00e9o ph\u00ec trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ebb em \u1edf T\u1ec9nh Fukushima, v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Chernobyl \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tho\u00e1t ra nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 h\u01a1n tai n\u1ea1n Fukushima, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/strong><\/em> cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u0103m 2006, UNSCEAR \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o: \u201cT\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi tai n\u1ea1n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Chernobyl l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/em> cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay\u2026 T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i. R\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng sau ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 lan r\u1ed9ng, n\u1ed7i lo l\u1eafng, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nghi\u1ec7n r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 t\u1eed t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi … n\u1ed7i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n. Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di t\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb 65 xu\u1ed1ng 58 n\u0103m. M\u1ed1i lo v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u suy gi\u1ea3m m\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang lan r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean xung quanh v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n Chernobyl v\u00e0 Fukushima Daiichi cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ion h\u00f3a \u00edt \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh h\u1ecdc (less biologically harmful) <\/u>h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. K\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tai n\u1ea1n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 (m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 n\u1edf r\u1ed9 sau s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 Chernobyl) c\u0169ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

R\u1ee7i ro t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9ng \u00e1m \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1<\/strong> (radiophobia)<\/strong><\/em> v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c trong khu v\u1ef1c trung gian xung quanh tai n\u1ea1n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb Fukushima kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1<\/em>, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1<\/em><\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u1ede c\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 than \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00f3i tr\u00ean s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh t\u1edbi n\u0103m 2020. Tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1<\/em><\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c, Ph\u00e1p, T\u00e2y Ban Nha, \u00dd, \u00c1o, Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n cho n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/em> (intermitten)<\/em> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. T\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, 29 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ti\u1ec3u bang \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh cho \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ba s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i cho \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, trong khi \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean s\u00e2u xa<\/em><\/strong>. N\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e2u s\u1eafc th\u00eam m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u0169 kh\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. Thuy\u1ebft m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/em> [3] hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb n\u1ed7i lo s\u1ee3 b\u1ee5i ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed do vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. C\u1ea3 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ch\u00fang ta tr\u00ean phim \u1ea3nh, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201c\u00f4ng ba b\u1ecb kinh kh\u1ee7ng nh\u1ea5t<\/em>\u201d<\/strong> c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m l\u00fd, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta lo l\u1eafng th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0, nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro do ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro g\u1ee3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c kinh ho\u00e0ng m\u1ed7i khi nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00ean Chernobyl ho\u1eb7c Three Mile Island. N\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ebd ra ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u00ean s\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i n\u00e0y<\/em><\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Y\u00ean Ninh, Ban H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Vi\u1ec7n NLNTVN<\/strong><\/p>\n

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V\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: <\/strong><\/p>\n
David Ropeik<\/em><\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng Harvard (Harvard Extension School), s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n Boston, Massachusetts. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, chuy\u00ean gia t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro (risk perception, communication and management)<\/em>. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2010 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n How Risky Is it, Really? Why Our Fears Don’t Always Match the Facts<\/em>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 R\u1ee7i ro th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? T\u1ea1i sao n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n
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Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eeb ng\u1eef:<\/strong><\/p>\n
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N\u1ed7i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1<\/strong> (Radiophobia) l\u00e0<\/em><\/strong> n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u00e1m \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ion h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/em>, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i tia X. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t nguy h\u1ea1i (nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 do b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh), <\/strong>nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng tin, s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/em>. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a phi y t\u1ebf (non-medical sense) \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (hay \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n) ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
– H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh – Acute Radiation Syndrome<\/strong> (ARS) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong v\u00f2ng 24 gi\u1edd sau khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ion h\u00f3a. H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1, b\u1ec7nh ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n
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\u1ee6y ban Khoa h\u1ecdc Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/strong>vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft theo\u00a0ti\u1ebfng Anh<\/a>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0UNSCEAR<\/strong>\u00a0(The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation<\/em>) l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ion h\u00f3a<\/a>. \u1ee6y ban \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp theo Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a\u00a0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c<\/a>\u00a0n\u0103m 1955.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
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Thuy\u1ebft m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (Environmentalism)<\/strong>: i) thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01a1n nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 di truy\u1ec1n<\/em>, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi; ho\u1eb7c ii) thuy\u1ebft \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
N\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ion h\u00f3a (hay b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n) \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n s\u00e2u trong t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n do t\u00e2m l\u00fd, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac n\u00e0o v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ion h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13242,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1890","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tong-hop"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1890","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1890"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1890\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13245,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1890\/revisions\/13245"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13242"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1890"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1890"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1890"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}