Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tri th\u1ee9c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (NKM) v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c (HRD) c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u1eabn th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u IAEA, chuy\u00ean gia T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m, bao g\u1ed3m: Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c – \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p quy, nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00f4-\u0111un nh\u1ecf (SMR) v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n giao tri th\u1ee9c; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0m \u00fd ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n
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I. M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1ec1n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon th\u1ea5p trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an ninh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, C\u01a1 quan N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IAEA) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tri th\u1ee9c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c n\u0103m 2024 t\u1ea1i Vienna. K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb (Proceedings) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2026, t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi trong qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n C\u00e1c tham lu\u1eadn, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb cho th\u1ea5y: Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, hay n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tri th\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia. \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 60-80 n\u0103m, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u an to\u00e0n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0o tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y, chuy\u1ec3n giao qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. V\u00ec v\u1eady, Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tri th\u1ee9c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (Nuclear Knowledge Management – NKM) v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c (Human Resource Development – HRD) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 hai tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n II. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n – N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o (Education & Training) kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n, an ninh v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf 2024, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cEducation & Training for Nuclear\u201d (Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m g\u1eafn v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t \u201cSustainability – Resilience and Progress\u201d (T\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng – Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9). C\u00e1c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c chung: N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, th\u00ec m\u1ecdi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u thi\u1ebfu n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 1. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n – X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n B\u00e1o c\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng: Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo h\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng khoa h\u1ecdc – k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc (v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t, an to\u00e0n, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, I&C, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i\u2026).<\/p>\n – G\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n – T\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 an to\u00e0n, an ninh v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n – Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u1eabn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 l\u00f2 m\u00f4-\u0111un nh\u1ecf (SMR), l\u00f2 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 IV v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng phi \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n M\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb l\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc – vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u – doanh nghi\u1ec7p, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p chia s\u1ebb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c (competency-based approach) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c trong ng\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 2. \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 – B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n N\u1ebfu gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tri th\u1ee9c, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 (on-the-job training) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a tri th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cho \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o (Systematic Approach to Training – SAT) trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n – S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n (full-scope simulators) cho \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n – L\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n – \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, nghi\u1ec7m thu, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1edbm nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 3. Thu h\u00fat v\u00e0 gi\u1eef ch\u00e2n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb – B\u00e0i to\u00e1n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201ckho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7\u201d khi m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chuy\u00ean gia gi\u00e0u kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1eafp ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u, trong khi ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1nh tranh gay g\u1eaft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao kh\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c – \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n g\u1eafn v\u1edbi:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 STEM t\u1eeb b\u1eadc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n – C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp, h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecdc cao h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n – T\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n – Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 trao quy\u1ec1n cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n IAEA \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c tr\u1ebb; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y trao \u0111\u1ed5i chuy\u00ean gia gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 4. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 AI – Thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb 2024 l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1edbn (LLMs), trong h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tri th\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn t\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n – Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n tri th\u1ee9c s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n – H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean AI.<\/p>\n – C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u0169ng l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng: C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3; y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt an to\u00e0n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam – qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng – n\u1ed9i dung \u201cEducation & Training for Nuclear\u201d mang nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0m \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n (1) C\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, g\u1eafn v\u1edbi k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n (2) Duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n (3) \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 SAT trong \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n (4) Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng tham gia c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a IAEA.<\/p>\n (5) K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 AI, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng: Trong m\u1ecdi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n – t\u1eeb chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 – gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tri th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n an to\u00e0n, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n N\u1ebfu gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n cho n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c gia, th\u00ec d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi (newbuild) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng NKM-HRD. Ch\u00ednh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tri th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n III. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u0103m 2024, IAEA d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 \u201cNKM-HRD Aspects of Newbuilds and Supporting Research\u201d, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 h\u1eefu c\u01a1 gi\u1eefa qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tri th\u1ee9c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (Nuclear Knowledge Management – NKM), ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c (Human Resource Development – HRD) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi (newbuilds).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t l\u00e0: M\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c gia (bao g\u1ed3m n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p quy v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Theo n\u1ed9i dung chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1, c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 10-15 n\u0103m, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ean: Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p quy, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u EPC, nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn:<\/p>\n – Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n – Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n – H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n – Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu.<\/p>\n – Quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c NKM b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 tri th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t, ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0o chuy\u00ean gia n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, IAEA nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00edch h\u1ee3p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tri th\u1ee9c ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, thay v\u00ec coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 nhu c\u1ea7u nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n newbuild:<\/p>\n – Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng (Phase 1-2): C\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean gia ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u1ea3 thi, ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng khung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n – Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t: Nhu c\u1ea7u cao v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, chuy\u00ean gia an to\u00e0n, chuy\u00ean gia th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n – Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i: C\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt I&C, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n – Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n: B\u1ed5 sung n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd, n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1o d\u1ee1.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n IAEA \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u01b0u \u00fd: \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, b\u1edfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, ho\u1eb7c chuy\u00ean gia an to\u00e0n c\u1ea5p cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t 5-10 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Do \u0111\u00f3, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch HRD c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra \u201ckho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c\u201d khi nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. IAEA ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng: C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong tri\u1ec3n khai newbuild \u0111\u1ec1u duy tr\u00ec n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n – Th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t – c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n – \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e3o h\u00f3a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n – \u1ee8ng ph\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tai n\u1ea1n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng (severe accident analysis).<\/p>\n – Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi (nh\u01b0 SMR v\u00e0 l\u00f2 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 IV), n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u1ed9i sinh c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng: Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp (learning organization). C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n – C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n giao kinh nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1eefa chuy\u00ean gia cao c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n – Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m (succession planning).<\/p>\n – \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n newbuild, vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u201c\u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t\u201d (core team) ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, tham gia gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u1ed9i dung \u201cNKM-HRD Aspects of Newbuilds and Supporting Research\u201d g\u1ee3i m\u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n (1) X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c HRD g\u1eafn v\u1edbi t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n newbuild, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n (2) Duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u an to\u00e0n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n (3) Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tri th\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, tr\u00e1nh th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t tri th\u1ee9c qua bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n (4) Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng tham gia c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a IAEA \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i chuy\u00ean gia, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m newbuild.<\/p>\n (5) H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chuy\u00ean gia n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ec1n kh\u1ea3 thi.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng: M\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng khi qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Newbuild kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, th\u00e9p, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00edch l\u0169y v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 tri th\u1ee9c – n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, d\u00f9 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p quy. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n khi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n IV. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p quy – Tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 an ninh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Trong chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cCapacity Building for Safety and Security Including NKM-HRD Issues for Regulators and Their Licensees\u201d, IAEA nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i: Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n an to\u00e0n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p quy \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 hay \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p quy kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp trong \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng: C\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p quy c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c trong ba tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – An to\u00e0n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (Safety): \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch an to\u00e0n, th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n – An ninh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (Security): B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng h\u00e0nh vi ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n – Thanh tra v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 (Compliance & Enforcement): X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy chu\u1ea9n, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thanh tra, x\u1eed l\u00fd vi ph\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p quy ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 song song v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0o chuy\u00ean gia t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p quy kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng \u1edf \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00edch h\u1ee3p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tri th\u1ee9c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (NKM) v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c (competency profiles) cho t\u1eebng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00e1p quy.<\/p>\n – \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (Systematic Approach to Training – SAT).<\/p>\n – Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 an to\u00e0n, k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn thanh tra.<\/p>\n – X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m (succession planning) nh\u1eb1m tr\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t tri th\u1ee9c khi chuy\u00ean gia ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n IAEA l\u01b0u \u00fd: C\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p quy th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro \u201cch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m\u201d khi chuy\u00ean gia gi\u00e0u kinh nghi\u1ec7m chuy\u1ec3n sang khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3i ng\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa regulator (c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p quy) v\u00e0 licensee (b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n N\u1ebfu n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p quy, s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng th\u00f4ng tin, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p quy kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 SMR, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a I&C), qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, IAEA khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chung v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n – Tham gia c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea5p (peer review).<\/p>\n – H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n Chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a an to\u00e0n (safety culture) v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a an ninh (security culture) trong ch\u00ednh c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p quy.<\/p>\n C\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p quy kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u0103n h\u00f3a an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n – Duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan.<\/p>\n – B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n – Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch trao \u0111\u1ed5i chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n – Ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p quy do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p quy c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n (1) X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng khung n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p quy r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c cho t\u1eebng c\u1ea5p chuy\u00ean gia v\u00e0 t\u1eebng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n (2) Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tri th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p quy qu\u1ed1c gia (bao g\u1ed3m c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd).<\/p>\n (3) \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c then ch\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch an to\u00e0n (PSA), severe accidents – c\u00e1c tai n\u1ea1n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, an ninh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 thanh tra k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n (4) Tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a IAEA.<\/p>\n (5) X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef ch\u00e2n chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng: S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p quy.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p quy kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i cho ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n – h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Trong khi c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p quy ph\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00f4-\u0111un nh\u1ecf (SMR). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3 \u1edf ph\u00eda ph\u00e1p quy l\u1eabn b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n V. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho SMR – Th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Trong chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cNKM and HRD Considerations in the Development of SMRs Technologies and their Applications\u201d, IAEA nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a SMR kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7t ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tri th\u1ee9c (NKM) v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c (HRD).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n SMR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng mang l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tri\u1ec3n khai theo m\u00f4-\u0111un, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng phi \u0111i\u1ec7n (nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hydro\u2026). Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Theo n\u1ed9i dung h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n SMR \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111a ng\u00e0nh \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n – Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00f4-\u0111un h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y (factory fabrication).<\/p>\n – T\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n – C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a s\u00e2u (digital I&C, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a cao).<\/p>\n – \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kinh t\u1ebf – k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho tri\u1ec3n khai theo c\u1ee5m (fleet deployment).<\/p>\n – \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng phi \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch l\u0169y h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, SMR (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi) c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n IAEA l\u01b0u \u00fd: Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tri th\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n – L\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n – B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n – H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p th\u00f4ng qua c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u minh ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia xem x\u00e9t tri\u1ec3n khai SMR, vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 tri th\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, tr\u00e1nh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng: SMR \u0111\u1eb7t ra th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho c\u1ea3 c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p quy v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh an to\u00e0n m\u1edbi (an to\u00e0n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u1ea3m can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi).<\/p>\n – C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4-\u0111un t\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n – V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p theo chu\u1ed7i (serial licensing) v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n – T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – B\u1ed5 sung n\u1ed9i dung v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch an to\u00e0n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n – T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 an ninh m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n – Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng phi \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a SMR.<\/p>\n – T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh gi\u1eefa k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a SMR l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tri\u1ec3n khai theo c\u1ee5m nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4-\u0111un gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, IAEA l\u01b0u \u00fd: \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n – X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1eadp trung cho nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4-\u0111un.<\/p>\n – H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh SMR.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u1ebfu xem x\u00e9t SMR nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n (1) \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i so v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a SMR, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n (2) T\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u1ed9i dung SMR v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n (3) X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00f3m chuy\u00ean gia n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u SMR trong c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n (4) T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong chia s\u1ebb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p SMR.<\/p>\n (5) Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p quy t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4-\u0111un.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n SMR m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi cho \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 IAEA nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00f4-\u0111un ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t huy hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c m\u00f4-\u0111un h\u00f3a – linh ho\u1ea1t, \u0111a ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng nhanh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho SMR – v\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n D\u00f9 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, tri\u1ec3n khai newbuild, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p quy hay th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi SMR, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n giao v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tri th\u1ee9c qua th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n VI. Chuy\u1ec3n giao tri th\u1ee9c – B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Trong n\u1ed9i dung \u201cKnowledge Transfer\u201d (Chuy\u1ec3n giao tri th\u1ee9c), IAEA nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: Chuy\u1ec3n giao tri th\u1ee9c (KT) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tri th\u1ee9c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (NKM), \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chuy\u00ean gia gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a, v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n IAEA kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: M\u1ea5t m\u00e1t tri th\u1ee9c ng\u1ea7m (tacit knowledge) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, chuy\u1ec3n giao tri th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u1eb1m:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n tri th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n – Thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n – Chuy\u1ec3n giao cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 k\u1ebf c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n – B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p quy d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m chuy\u00ean gia t\u00edch l\u0169y qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t khi chuy\u00ean gia ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u, ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n IAEA ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai lo\u1ea1i tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd song song:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – Tri th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n (explicit knowledge): T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch an to\u00e0n, quy tr\u00ecnh, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n – Tri th\u1ee9c \u1ea9n (tacit knowledge): Kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, tri th\u1ee9c \u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n giao h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh KT c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n – Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n chuy\u00ean gia tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u.<\/p>\n – Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n (mentoring).<\/p>\n – L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c song h\u00e0nh gi\u1eefa chuy\u00ean gia cao c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a IAEA \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – Mentoring & coaching: Chuy\u00ean gia d\u00e0y d\u1ea1n kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 k\u1ebf c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n – Communities of Practice (CoPs): Nh\u00f3m chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n duy tr\u00ec trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n – Knowledge capture interviews: Ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m chuy\u00ean gia.<\/p>\n – B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m (lessons learned) t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n – C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tri th\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia t\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng tin k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p quy.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n IAEA nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: KT ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, thay v\u00ec th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 khi c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Chuy\u1ec3n giao tri th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n – Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh: Ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn tri th\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i sinh.<\/p>\n – Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh: Chuy\u1ec3n giao gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n – Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 th\u00e1o d\u1ee1: Duy tr\u00ec li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tri th\u1ee9c trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n – Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 chuy\u00ean gia: B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p quy v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0o chuy\u00ean gia n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a tri th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra r\u1ee7i ro d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n giao tri th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1eebng t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111ang kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n (1) X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia, g\u1eafn v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n (2) Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ghi nh\u1eadn kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u00e3 tham gia d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n (3) S\u1ed1 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ph\u00e1p quy, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n (4) Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh mentoring trong c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p quy v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n (5) T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn tri th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 d\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n 60-80 n\u0103m (nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n), tri th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Chuy\u1ec3n giao tri th\u1ee9c – v\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia – h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n M\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho r\u1eb1ng: Do Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 chuy\u00ean gia h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y b\u1ecf qua th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ph\u00e1p quy, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n, l\u01b0u gi\u1eef v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, ngu\u1ed3n tri th\u1ee9c qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 suy gi\u1ea3m theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n VII. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u0103m 2024 c\u1ee7a IAEA m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng: Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tri th\u1ee9c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (NKM) v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c (HRD) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u00ean l\u1ec1, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Trong m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 60-80 n\u0103m, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u an to\u00e0n \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0o tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng duy tr\u00ec tri th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c – \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p quy, th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00f4-\u0111un nh\u1ecf (SMR), cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n giao tri th\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t: Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong> Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u201c\u0111\u1ee3i c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o\u201d, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 hai:<\/strong> C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n newbuild ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng khi \u0111i k\u00e8m chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p NKM-HRD ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, qu\u1ed1c gia tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 trong v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 ba:<\/strong> N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p quy l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia. M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p quy \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u1ee7 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf duy tr\u00ec tri th\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho ni\u1ec1m tin x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0:<\/strong> S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a SMR v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111ang l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n trong \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng:<\/strong> Chuy\u1ec3n giao tri th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u1edf c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1, gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a chuy\u00ean gia v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nhanh ch\u00f3ng, vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n, l\u01b0u gi\u1eef, truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t tri th\u1ee9c (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c \u1ea9n) l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00eau tr\u00ean g\u1ee3i m\u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: N\u1ebfu xem x\u00e9t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, c\u1ea7n song h\u00e0nh ba tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c – x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p quy \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tri th\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia t\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, hay c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3, tri th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c; ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh; qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c gia trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 t\u1edbi.\/.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG KHOA H\u1eccC T\u1ea0P CH\u00cd N\u0102NG L\u01af\u1ee2NG VI\u1ec6T NAM<\/strong><\/p>\n \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tri th\u1ee9c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (NKM) v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c (HRD) c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u1eabn th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":19017,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19016","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tong-hop"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19016","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19016"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19016\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19018,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19016\/revisions\/19018"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19017"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19016"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19016"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19016"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n
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