Khi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, h\u00e3y c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i h\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, d\u00f9 m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, Uzbekistan \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110H N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Moscow (MPEI) v\u1ec1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nikolai Rogalev, hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1eddng MPEI cho\u00a0Tia S\u00e1ng\u00a0bi\u1ebft trong cu\u1ed9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00ean l\u1ec1 phi\u00ean th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1eddng MPEI v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y 29\/5. Quan t\u00e2m s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, b\u00e0i to\u00e1n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t\u00a0th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o, d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i h\u1ecdc \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng “Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m n\u0103m th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ebd c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m n\u0103m ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i h\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i”. TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh, vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u00eau v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

T\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 2016?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11\/2016, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho hai nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y Ninh Thu\u1eadn 1 v\u00e0 2: k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edf c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi g\u1eedi \u0111i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u1edf Nga v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n kho\u1ea3ng g\u1ea7n 450 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 400 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u1edf Nga, 32 sinh vi\u00ean \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean g\u1ed3m 28 sinh vi\u00ean theo h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Qu\u1ed1c gia Nga (MEPhI) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m n\u1eefa l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 d\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd l\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1eddng MEPhI v\u00e0o th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn: ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t n\u0103m n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n sang ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 tham gia c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nga, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi 20 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u00fang ngh\u1ec1, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft t\u1edbi EVN v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng c\u1ef1u sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfc nu\u1ed1i “Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i r\u1ee5ng, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng h\u1ecd th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i. V\u00ec h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, c\u00f3 khi ti\u1ebfng Nga c\u0169ng qu\u00ean”.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng? Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i: Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u1edf l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed n\u00f3i chung, ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, nh\u01b0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ghi \u0111o b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1, v\u1eadt l\u00fd y sinh…<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebf th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i Vi\u1ec7t Nam chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y Ninh Thu\u1eadn 1 t\u1eeb con s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00fa h\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2025 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ban h\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n: Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 1012\/Q\u0110-TTg ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n “\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2035”; Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 893\/Q\u0110-TTg ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ec1 \u00e1n “\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u – ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed”; Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 1050\/Q\u0110-BGD\u0110T ban h\u00e0nh chu\u1ea9n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n; v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 176\/2026\/N\u0110-CP quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, sinh vi\u00ean, h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean cao h\u1ecdc, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y bao qu\u00e1t c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Theo nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a TS. \u0110\u1eb7ng Thanh L\u01b0\u01a1ng, nguy\u00ean C\u1ee5c ph\u00f3 C\u1ee5c An to\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 “\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c l\u1eabn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u1ea5y”.<\/p>\n

D\u1eabu v\u1eady, c\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 Nga v\u00e0 M\u1ef9. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u1edf t\u1eebng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 “c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m xu\u00f4i” \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng d\u1ef1a theo b\u1ed1n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, TS. \u0110\u1eb7ng Thanh L\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi an to\u00e0n b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t “ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c”, b\u1edfi ch\u01b0a n\u1eafm r\u00f5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 tr\u00f9 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t, TS. \u0110\u1eb7ng Thanh L\u01b0\u01a1ng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n “\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 g\u00ec? c\u1ea7n c\u00e1i g\u00ec?”. Theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 1012, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n 4000 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf “ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m r\u00f5 4000 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed g\u00ec trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n? th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n h\u1ecd?”.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 Nga cung c\u1ea5p cho Ninh Thu\u1eadn 1 th\u00ec c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia l\u01b0u \u00fd, hai l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng 2000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, song v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho Ninh Thu\u1eadn 2 b\u1edfi cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay danh s\u00e1ch 11 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1edfi h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng? \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, khoa c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (Nuclear Engineering) “c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c sang gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111a ng\u00e0nh, li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u”, TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 \u00f4ng r\u00fat ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf Nga, Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, M\u1ef9…<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn sai \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i. “T\u00f4i xin l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1edf Nga v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y r\u1ed3i nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u1ea5y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 MPEI, MEPhI, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c”, TS. L\u00ea V\u0103n H\u1ed3ng, nguy\u00ean vi\u1ec7n ph\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t. “N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o theo ki\u1ec3u \u2018tr\u0103m hoa \u0111ua n\u1edf\u2019, nh\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng l\u00e0m th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb lo\u00e3ng ra”.<\/p>\n

Chu\u1ea9n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n nay g\u1ed3m danh m\u1ee5c 50 ng\u00e0nh, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 19 ng\u00e0nh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u00e0 31 ng\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 – li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra, theo TS Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chu\u1ea9n “kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n”, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, v\u1eadt l\u00fd neutron, c\u00e1c m\u00f4n v\u1ec1 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t (\u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7), an to\u00e0n b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1, an to\u00e0n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nga nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng MPEI, MEPhI \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u1edf nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n V\u0169 Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ea3i, c\u1ef1u sinh vi\u00ean MEPhI, cho bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00f4n quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng MEPhI l\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n neutron, V\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, \u0110\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, T\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, V\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Nga m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, n\u01a1i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Purdue [1], \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u1eafc Carolina [2], Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Massachusetts (MIT) [3].<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7, n\u00f3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ra trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng li\u00ean quan. D\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. “Khi anh hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00f2 th\u00ec anh m\u1edbi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u00f2. T\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec3u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd”. TS. L\u00ea V\u0103n H\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. M\u1ed9t l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t (Thermal Hydraulics), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n m\u00f4n c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u01b0 m\u00f4n v\u1eadt l\u00fd neutron, th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t, truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng hay c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c…<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi \u0111\u1eb7t danh m\u1ee5c 19 ng\u00e0nh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u00e0o 11 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft – \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n neutron, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng… Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 2016, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh \u1edf d\u1ea1ng nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c m\u00f4n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

$\"\"$ Sinh vi\u00ean th\u0103m nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Novovoronezh. \u1ea2nh:\u00a0Nguyenvanlinh.epu\/CC BY-SA 4.0<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u? Theo TS. L\u00ea V\u0103n H\u1ed3ng “N\u1ebfu m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o m\u00e0 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3i”.<\/p>\n

Theo ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh, ROSATOM, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 VVER-1200 cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y Ninh Thu\u1eadn 1, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ri\u00eang li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do m\u00e0 “n\u1ebfu m\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi sinh vi\u00ean ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c ROSATOM ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee9. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?”.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 “r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a sang Nga \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o”. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o theo chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 v\u1eeba d\u1ec5 l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba kh\u00f3. D\u1ec5 l\u00e0 b\u1edfi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac r\u00fat trong m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c; kh\u00f3 l\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y Ninh Thu\u1eadn 1, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi an to\u00e0n. “\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n”, TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. L\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111i sau, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u theo th\u1eddi gian. “M\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ed3i, m\u00ecnh c\u1ee9 l\u1ea5y ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a (t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam), m\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u1edf nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n hai \u0111\u1ebfn ba tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u00e1ch khoa H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n”, TS. L\u00ea V\u0103n H\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u00fd ki\u1ebfn. L\u00fd do l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0.<\/p>\n

$\"\"$ C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u0169ng l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. “C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 th\u00ec m\u1eddi chuy\u00ean gia b\u1edfi an to\u00e0n trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y”, TS. \u0110\u1eb7ng Thanh L\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 ra.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf h\u00f3a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u1ed1t. “M\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Nga v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t”. TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh l\u01b0u \u00fd gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y m\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, v\u1eadt l\u00fd neutron…<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a Nga, M\u1ef9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t cho sinh vi\u00ean n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c m\u00f4n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, ph\u1ea3i quy t\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi tham gia \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00eam, b\u1ed5 sung ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c cho c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1eddi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u1edf nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh cho sinh vi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

“N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t. B\u1edfi trong \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m an to\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t. Mu\u1ed1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i an to\u00e0n, an to\u00e0n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1edfi khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 Fukushima x\u1ea3y ra th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c”, TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1eef an to\u00e0n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 R&D h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, an to\u00e0n ph\u00e1p quy h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia n\u00e0y c\u00f2n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u (ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp kh\u00e1c).<\/p>\n

Trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef an to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0ng” v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. “V\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ri\u00eang, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ri\u00eang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3. Nh\u00ecn r\u1ed9ng ra, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o c\u00f3 n\u00f3”, TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

\n
C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia cho r\u1eb1ng, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 to\u00e1n cao c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y b\u1edfi “M\u1ed7i k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 to\u00e1n, v\u1eadt l\u00fd… kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ecfi to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u1edf m\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ecfi v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t”, theo TS\u00a0<\/strong>Anastasia M. Mashkova, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng MPEI. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng To\u00e1n s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean, khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i, m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp thu v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do m\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn trang b\u1ecb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng To\u00e1n cao c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho sinh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u1edf ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. Khi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, h\u00e3y c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i h\u1ecdc \u1edf […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":19782,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19777","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tong-hop"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19777","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19777"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19777\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19793,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19777\/revisions\/19793"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19782"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19777"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19777"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19777"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}