![\"\"](\"http:\/\/tvdt.vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/01.3.19.1.jpg\")
<\/p>\nNh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i t\u1ea1i Argone nh\u1eb1m v\u1ebd ra vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
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Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Argonne \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec hay m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (\u1ea2nh c\u1ee7a Shutterstock\/<\/em> Industry And Travel.)<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Theo C\u01a1 quan Th\u00f4ng tin N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hoa K\u1ef3 (EIA), nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Oyster Creek \u1edf Forked River, New Jersey, ngay ph\u00eda B\u1eafc th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Atlantic \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9 v\u1eeba qua. \u00a0\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, nh\u01b0ng Oyster Creek l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng \u201cngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u\u201d \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, c\u00f3 60 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m 98 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra kho\u1ea3ng 20% s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, 1970 v\u00e0 1980, v\u00e0 s\u1eafp h\u1ebft gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb 40 \u0111\u1ebfn 60 n\u0103m. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia h\u1ea1n hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1\u00a0 gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb nay \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chuy\u00ean gia coi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng cho n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn xem n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mang t\u00ednh s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i, \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00a0trong s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00d4ng Bo Feng, K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, Ph\u00f2ng Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n cho hay, \u201cch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1946, Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c gia Argonne c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hoa K\u1ef3 (DOE) ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao quy\u1ec1n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, gi\u00fap ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u1edbi cho n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n – t\u1eeb thay th\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u00a0l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n<\/em>.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i Argonne nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng Ed Hoffman v\u00e0 \u00f4ng Bo Feng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 mang t\u00ean, \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n<\/em> \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2011 \u0111\u1ebfn 2014, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a DOE, nh\u1eb1m c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, bao g\u1ed3m s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3 thi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c nhau, cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, gi\u00fap thu h\u1eb9p ph\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, khu tr\u00fa th\u00e0nh 40 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau. \u00a0Trong s\u1ed1 40 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra 04 nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00d4ng Hoffman \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt l\u00fd, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau. V\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ebd thu\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1ec1 chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n (once-through process)<\/em> trong \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n – ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb uranium – \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n C\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ho\u1eb7c ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, uranium v\u00e0 plutonium) t\u1eeb nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Sau khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 09 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 an ninh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf – m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n <\/em>(https:\/\/fuelcycleevaluation.inl.gov\/SitePages\/Home.aspx)<\/u> \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i \u00edt h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n duy tr\u00ec ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng chu\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch th\u00f4ng qua neutron nhanh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 neutron nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t. Lo\u1ea1i l\u00f2 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng uranium-238 (238<\/sup>U) l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi uranium-235 (235<\/sup>U) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 (LWR). Trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t, neutron di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 2.200 m\u00e9t m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y; trong m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh, ch\u00fang di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 9 tri\u1ec7u m\u00e9t m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 3% t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 98 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i LWR nhi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 238<\/sup>U. Do 238<\/sup>U chi\u1ebfm 99,3% ngu\u1ed3n cung uranium c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00ean c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean to l\u1edbn n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111ang c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng natri (sodium-cooled fast reactors). Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i LWR hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, l\u00f2 n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u r\u1eafn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecbt k\u00edn trong c\u00e1c thanh kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3. Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a (c\u00e1ch t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i) ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00e1i x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc (aqueous reprocessing technologies).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh t\u00edch h\u1ee3p bao g\u1ed3m l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u1edf d\u1ea1ng mu\u1ed1i pha tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t. V\u00ec nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u1edf d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u00f2ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch g\u00e2y h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, v\u00ec nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 b\u1edfi ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch, n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1eaft l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n C\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c neutron nhanh ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang t\u1ef1 t\u1eaft v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 trong lo\u1ea1i l\u00f2 LWR.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c \u0111ang thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m l\u00e0 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00f4-\u0111un nh\u1ecf (SMRs) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. Thay v\u00ec hai t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 2.000megawatt \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh 10 ho\u1eb7c 20 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y t\u1ea1o ra 100 megawatt \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c SMRs k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp nhau t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng lo\u1ea1i l\u00f2 n\u00e0y tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng \u00edt r\u1ee7i ro h\u01a1n m\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng Hoffman gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00eam, lo\u1ea1i l\u00f2 SMRs s\u1ebd c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa quy m\u00f4 kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 SMRs \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3. Argonne \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111ang h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Do nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc<\/em> ban \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, n\u00ean ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. \u00d4ng Hoffman v\u00e0 \u00f4ng Feng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u00e1o c\u00e1o tham lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c LWR hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng quang ph\u1ed5 nhanh (fast spectrum reactors) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n kh\u00e9p k\u00edn (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 uranium v\u00e0 plutonium s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u00f2ng kh\u1ed1i, l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf, cung v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khung th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u201cngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u\u201d b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi, Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n cho ng\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch thi c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a. \u00d4ng Feng l\u01b0u \u00fd, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7; nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u1ed1n; vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n, ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c gia, to\u00e0n ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00d4ng Feng cho bi\u1ebft th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Argone \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, v\u00ec v\u1eady nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c gia Argonne h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 mang t\u1ea7m qu\u1ed1c gia. L\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, Argonne ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Argonne h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng ty, tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan li\u00ean bang, ti\u1ec3u bang v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u1eeb h\u01a1n 60 qu\u1ed1c gia, Argonne \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ty UChicago Argone, thay cho V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin, h\u00e3y truy c\u1eadp trang web c\u1ee7a V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9: https:\/\/science.energy.gov\/<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Thu Trang, Ban K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd khoa h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i t\u1ea1i Argone nh\u1eb1m v\u1ebd ra vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Argonne \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec hay m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (\u1ea2nh c\u1ee7a Shutterstock\/ Industry And Travel.) Theo C\u01a1 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13815,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2813","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-quoc-te","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2813","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2813"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2813\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13817,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2813\/revisions\/13817"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13815"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2813"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2813"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2813"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"http:\/\/tvdt.vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/01.3.19.2.jpg\")
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