{"id":4856,"date":"2020-03-13T16:05:49","date_gmt":"2020-03-13T09:05:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/?p=4856"},"modified":"2020-03-13T16:05:49","modified_gmt":"2020-03-13T09:05:49","slug":"day-lui-phat-thai-co2-va-giai-phap-dien-hat-nhan-tien-tien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/day-lui-phat-thai-co2-va-giai-phap-dien-hat-nhan-tien-tien\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ea9y l\u00f9i ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn"},"content":{"rendered":"

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K\u1ef3 1: Th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng nh\u00e3n ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <\/strong>tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p <\/strong>th\u00fa v\u1ecb <\/strong>\u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. <\/strong>Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 xem li\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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$\"\"$ Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ee9c Angela Merkel (CDU) l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y t\u1eeb c\u1eb7p c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00f2ng t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf Berlin, \u0110\u1ee9c, ng\u00e0y 31\/5\/2016. \u1ea2nh: AFP\/Maurizio Gambarini\/dpa<\/em><\/p>\n

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N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u201cxanh\u201d?<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0110i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7, n\u1ebfu tin ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO_{2<\/sub> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh tinh th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng quy m\u00f4 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00e0ng nhanh c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng r\u00fat c\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, ch\u1eadm nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o l\u00e0 n\u0103m 2022.<\/p>\n}

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Hi\u1ec7n nay, h\u01a1n 35% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. H\u01a1n 30.000 tuabin gi\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ea7n 60 GW \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng; kho\u1ea3ng 1,7 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e0n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00e0 46 GW. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb r\u1ea5t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

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Tuy v\u1eady, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1. T\u1ec7 h\u01a1n, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft x\u1ea5u, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u0103m 2016 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn 52 \u0111\u00eam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00f3. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trung b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng 17% c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

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Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t do m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0110\u1ee9c bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o (1) c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n than v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean CO2; (2)\u00a0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2022; v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 (3) nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb Ph\u00e1p, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 75% \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, n\u01a1i 40% \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft x\u1ea5u, \u0110\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xoay s\u1edf n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee9 coi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3\u201d n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

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Khi \u0111\u1eb9p tr\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ee9c v\u01b0\u1ee3t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 th\u1eeba t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u00f3, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf m\u1ee9c b\u00e1n ph\u00e1 gi\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 \u00e2m. Theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n

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Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay c\u1ea3 khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh, \u0110\u1ee9c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e2u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n than v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t. C\u01a1 quan N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c (DENA) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm 80% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050. DENA k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0110\u1ee9c v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n duy tr\u00ec 61 gigawatt c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef v\u00e0 cho m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p 9% c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050.<\/p>\n

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M\u1eb7c d\u00f9, \u1edf kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111i 14% cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 37% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050.<\/p>\n

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V\u1edbi cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ebd gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO_{2<\/sub>. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eb1m lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n than m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf (d\u1ea7u n\u00f3ng) v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng. Kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed CO_{2<\/sub> \u00edt h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 50% cho m\u1ed7i kWh \u0111i\u1ec7n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng than ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf.<\/p>\n}}

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Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n North Stream 2 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i t\u1eeb Nga \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

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C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, tin t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft t\u1ed1t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u00edt kh\u00ed CO_{2<\/sub> h\u01a1n v\u00e0o kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n}

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Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c – v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn l\u1eafm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n xa \u201cgi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 xanh\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO_{2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n}

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Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n cao th\u1ebf m\u1edbi, bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ph\u00eda b\u1eafc l\u1ed9ng gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam chi ph\u00ed th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng) trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

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Theo m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u0103m 2014 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bang Bavaria, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea3 thi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hydro, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb hydro. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch l\u01b0u tr\u1eef s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y b\u01a1m nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

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T\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u1edf Na Uy v\u00e0 Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n, n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn tr\u00ean qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 trong khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n cao th\u1ebf ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

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Do chi ph\u00ed cao v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n nay chi\u1ebfm ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 2% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

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Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc nh\u00e3n ti\u1ec1n<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c – Angela Merkelf n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Energiewende \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00ed, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh chi ph\u00ed th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

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Merkel v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Energiewende th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u b\u00ed quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cho \u201cs\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i xanh\u201d \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Thu nh\u1eadp t\u0103ng t\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u201cEnergiewende\u201d. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i theo t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

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Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 \u0111ang gia t\u0103ng b\u00ean trong ch\u00ednh n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c, khi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c tuabin gi\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u01a1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n cung \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c: vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c gia t\u0103ng quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh quan thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y v\u1edbi 30. 000 tuabin gi\u00f3 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c tuabin gi\u00f3, v\u00ec ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ra h\u1ea1 \u00e2m nguy hi\u1ec3m, l\u00e0m x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng quang h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh tuabin b\u1ecb g\u00e3y bay trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, n\u00e9m b\u0103ng, v.v. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con chim b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

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\u1ede \u0110\u1ee9c, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tuabin gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 xung quanh\u00a0 l\u00ean 1 ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed 1,5 km. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c tuabin gi\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ebf t\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

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N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u00edt s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec n\u1eefa v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i trang tr\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi g\u1eafn tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 t\u01b0, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

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V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n, ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra ban ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u1ed9 che ph\u1ee7 m\u00e2y. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u00edt ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho pin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00e1c. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cho c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y b\u01a1m v\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u201cEnergiewende\u201d.<\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng khi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh, chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1edbn t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

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Qua tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, an to\u00e0n th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef ho\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t do s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n gia t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

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Khi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft x\u1ea5u, c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p t\u1edbi 100% nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00edt h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eaft \u0111i, nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

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T\u1ed1t h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 n\u00ean h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, v\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t gia t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

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V\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t khi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

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Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 th\u1eeba l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0o h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a. \u0110\u1ebfn khi c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n cho n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t tua bin s\u1ebd l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i kho\u1ea3ng 25% n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, chi ph\u00ed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd th\u00eam v\u00e0o chi ph\u00ed th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 khi cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

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Do v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 CO_{2<\/sub>, th\u00ec l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n}

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K\u1ef3 2: <\/strong>V\u00ec sao <\/strong>\u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/strong>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

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T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, khi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00f4ng ch\u1edd v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Theo Bloomberg New Energy Finance<\/em>, 288,9 t\u1ef7 USD \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o trong n\u0103m 2018, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO_{2<\/sub> tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn: \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch?<\/p>\n}

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H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c, h\u1ecd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 100 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n than m\u1edbi – ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO_{2<\/sub> l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2018, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1edbi 42,9 gigawatt nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n than m\u1edbi, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng 121,3 GW kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u1eadp c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho 200 GW kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n}

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\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n than, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng 36 GW. Th\u00e1ng 7\/2019, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 \u0110i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n than d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd t\u0103ng 22,4% trong ba n\u0103m t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

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Vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c quy m\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec7n than \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf, v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u2013 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd khi h\u1ecd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

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Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd t\u0103ng h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i trong 25 n\u0103m t\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m, \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n

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N\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO_{2<\/sub> th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ngu\u1ed3n cung r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p th\u00eam m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i %.<\/p>\n}

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Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0103ng l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng ba l\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 16% hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00ean 25% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050. V\u1eady 75%\u00a0 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n

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Gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng, v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y m\u01b0a v\u00e0 u \u00e1m. S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd t\u1edbi gi\u1edd ti\u1ebfp theo v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 khi t\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u1edf m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m: \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y than, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Trung \u00c2u, ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n tuabin gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn, ho\u1eb7c pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u00e0 100 km^{2<\/sup>, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi1 GW c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t tuabin gi\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 1 GW \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi g\u1ea5p 50 – 100 l\u1ea7n th\u00e9p v\u00e0 xi m\u0103ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n}

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Ngo\u00e0i ra, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb kh\u00ed sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn trung t\u00ednh CO_{2<\/sub>, b\u1edfi suy cho c\u00f9ng, CO_{2<\/sub> ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t kh\u00ed sinh h\u1ecdc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quang h\u1ee3p thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CO_{2<\/sub> trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Sinh h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh r\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 25% n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng) trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tuy kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1eafm, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed 100% kh\u00ed sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 5% m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n}}}

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S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00ed sinh h\u1ecdc quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn – tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n – th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t thu gom n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, quang h\u1ee3p \u1edf th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n 10 l\u1ea7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 t\u1ed1n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, – t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

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Do \u0111\u00f3,v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb gi\u00f3, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u00ec v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

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\u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ebb v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n?<\/strong><\/p>\n

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V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12\/2019, b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u201cLi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh?\u201d tr\u00ean Der Spiegel<\/em>, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Bill Gates v\u00e0 TerraPower c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn khi coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0\u00a0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch – m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0 n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 tr\u00f4ng ch\u1edd v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. B\u00e0i b\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 ra, theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m c\u00f3 800.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft do kh\u00f3i t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t than c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sulfur dioxide, oxit nit\u01a1, th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c asen. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i c\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

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Der Spiegel<\/em> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, trong khi \u01b0u \u00e1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i lu\u00f4n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tai n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n

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V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0o? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta e s\u1ee3 nh\u1ea5t: s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (\u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn) hay m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u1edf quy m\u00f4 khu v\u1ef1c (\u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra)? Nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu theo g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang khi ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

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V\u00ec lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO_{2 <\/sub>do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra, c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f3t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 gi\u00f3, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc. Kh\u00f4ng ai th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n: h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n- ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a CO_{2<\/sub>, chi\u1ebfm 14% c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qu\u00ean.<\/p>\n}}

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N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO_{2<\/sub> th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n}

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Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng s\u00f3ng di chuy\u1ec3n, l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00f4-\u0111un nh\u1ecf h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00f2 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, qua \u0111\u00f3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n \u2013 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra \u0111i\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

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Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong v\u00f2ng 10 – 15 n\u0103m t\u1edbi. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u1edf Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00fa s\u1ed1c d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf n\u0103m 1973 \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

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Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m mang t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean g\u00ec? C\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y nay? Hay ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf cho n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n?<\/p>\n

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Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec n\u1eefa, ng\u00e0y nay n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1eebng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i. Ai c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng d\u00f9 v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

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Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qu\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, kinh t\u1ebf, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO_{2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n}

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Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Thu H\u00e0 d\u1ecbch <\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

R\u1ecdi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f3, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n KH&CN Jonathan Tennenbaum gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho ch\u00fang ta ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd trong \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4857,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4856","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tong-hop"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4856","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4856"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4856\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4856"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4856"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4856"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}