<\/p>\n
K\u1ef2 2: HI\u1ec6N TR\u1ea0NG, XU H\u01af\u1edaNG PH\u00c1T TRI\u1ec2N N\u0102NG L\u01af\u1ee2NG V\u00c0 C\u00c1C PH\u00c2N NG\u00c0NH N\u0102NG L\u01af\u1ee2NG TR\u00caN TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI<\/strong><\/p>\n 1\/ Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u than:<\/strong><\/p>\n Than cung c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng than v\u1eabn s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. \u0110\u1ec3 than l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 t\u1edbi, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u00edt g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng than to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng trong n\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t n\u0103m 2014, v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Indonesia v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. \u1ede ch\u00e2u \u00c1, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng v\u00e0 than v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n than t\u0103ng 3% trong n\u0103m 2018 (t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng n\u0103m 2017) v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ed1c 10.000 TWh. Than v\u1eabn gi\u1eef v\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi 38% t\u1ed5ng t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 – v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n than l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, than c\u0169ng \u0111ang d\u1ea7n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1t than \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3m trong n\u0103m 2018, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng; S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t than \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m (20 TWh), ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf than: \u0110\u1ee9c, n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 than l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n than v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2038. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a ra chi ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eebng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cung c\u1ea5p than m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111ang \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n than. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, c\u00f4ng ty b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng ty d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c \u0111ang h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, gi\u1ea3m, ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o than.<\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n than \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n: M\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 ch\u01b0a b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a EU. V\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i so v\u1edbi Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Th\u1ee9 hai nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a c\u00f3 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 gi\u1ea3m, ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t \u00edt n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o gi\u00f3, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u1ea7n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n \u1ede ch\u00e2u \u00c1, nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111ang t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho “ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u” c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n than \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n 2\/ \u0110i\u1ec7n:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u0103ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa do thu nh\u1eadp h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u0103ng l\u00ean, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u00f3a v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n Nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0103ng cao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c cao k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ti\u00ean phong trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1eed cacbon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 hydro, ho\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1ecfng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n Trong\u00a0K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau<\/em>, nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng 2,1% m\u1ed7i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2040, g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i so v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong t\u1ed5ng m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1eeb 19% n\u0103m 2018 l\u00ean 24% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2040. T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp cao \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n carbon th\u1ea5p, v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 36% hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00ean 52% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2040 trong K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau.<\/p>\n Trong\u00a0K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/em>, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ea1t 31% m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Trong K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2040 – ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do xe \u0111i\u1ec7n – b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 hydro. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u01b0a b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda so v\u1edbi d\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y nay, s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua d\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2040. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thu h\u1ed3i carbon nhanh ch\u00f3ng cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n, b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1t than v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng 3\/4 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2040.<\/p>\n Nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n theo hai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khu v\u1ef1c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.\u00a0\u1ede c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u00f3a ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u1ede c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, thu nh\u1eadp t\u0103ng, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea9y nhu c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh. C\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p g\u1ea7n 90% t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2040 trong K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau, nh\u01b0ng nhu c\u1ea7u tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0y v\u1eabn th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 60% so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n 3\/ Kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean:<\/strong><\/p>\n Kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u1ea5t, chi\u1ebfm 23% nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n 1\/4 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. L\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed1t s\u1ea1ch nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t, cho ph\u00e9p kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n theo m\u00f9a v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng an ninh cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng linh ho\u1ea1t. Khi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u0103ng l\u00ean, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a an ninh kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, do c\u00fa s\u1ed1c cung, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7u \u1edf m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n Kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd trong n\u0103m 2018, v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 4,6% chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2010, 80% t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung \u1edf ba khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh: Hoa K\u1ef3 – n\u01a1i cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u00e1 phi\u1ebfn \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd; Trung Qu\u1ed1c – n\u01a1i m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh ch\u00f3ng; v\u00e0 Trung \u0110\u00f4ng – n\u01a1i kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf. Kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n than, ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u trong c\u1ea3 K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau (trong \u0111\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00ed t\u0103ng h\u01a1n 1\/3) v\u00e0 K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng (khi nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00ed t\u0103ng khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2040).<\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00ed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n 4\/ Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea7u:<\/strong><\/p>\n Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea7u\u00a0\u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng khi Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ngu\u1ed3n cung d\u1ea7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, nhu c\u1ea7u d\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u – \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ef1a h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u \u0111ang t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n C\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c nh\u1edd s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch t\u0103ng. Nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi thu nh\u1eadp t\u0103ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e2n bay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n Theo K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea7u trong xe kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2020 v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2030, nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng trung b\u00ecnh 0,1 mb\/d m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea7u n\u00f3i chung, v\u00ec li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng trong h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u, xe t\u1ea3i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, trong K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, c\u00e1c can thi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u d\u1ea7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi. Nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m h\u01a1n 50% \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2018 \u0111\u1ebfn 2040 v\u00e0 10% \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n 5\/ N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n:<\/strong><\/p>\n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n\u00a0trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 carbon tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed cacbon c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n cho ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2.<\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c (nh\u01b0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i). M\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn l\u00e0 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon b\u1ed5 sung.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n gi\u00fap gi\u1eef cho l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 sung t\u1ed1t trong c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eed cacbon v\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 theo nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ngu\u1ed3n cung. Khi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi (PV) t\u0103ng l\u00ean, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft n\u0103m 2019, tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 443 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7t 391.358 MW v\u00e0 52 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y\/54.695 MW \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Sau s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 Fukushima, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2012 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft n\u0103m 2019 c\u00f3 43 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y\/31.422 MW d\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 51 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y\/49.453 MW \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi 43 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y 45.753 MW.<\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n. Theo xu h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030 s\u1ebd l\u00ean t\u1edbi 497 GW, so v\u1edbi 542 GW theo K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ed5 sung c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng n\u0103m.<\/p>\n 6\/ N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o:<\/strong><\/p>\n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o (bao g\u1ed3m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, gi\u00f3, th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c) – l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng carbon v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed m\u1ea1nh cho quang \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f3 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang. Ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t cho n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a quang \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u00f3 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 1\/5 m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam 50% t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2019 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2024, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 PV m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. M\u1ee9c t\u0103ng 1.200 GW n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7n nay. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang PV m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n 60% m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn, v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c gi\u00f3 tr\u00ean b\u1edd chi\u1ebfm 1\/4.<\/p>\n Gi\u00f3 ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p 4% m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng, v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t s\u1ebd t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p ba v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2024, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u1edfi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u1edf Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 gi\u00f3 ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn chi\u1ebfm 1\/10 trong t\u1ed5ng m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ba th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n (1) Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n (2) R\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cao \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n (3) T\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia. Solar PV l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u1ed5 sung, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea T\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, x\u00e9t tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh so v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n trong v\u00f2ng 10 n\u0103m qua (2,5% n\u0103m). N\u0103m 2018, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 26.700 t\u1ef7 kWh t\u0103ng 3,7%, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n than chi\u1ebfm 38%, \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed chi\u1ebfm 23%, th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfm 15,8%, \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n chi\u1ebfm 10,1% v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o chi\u1ebfm 9,3%…<\/p>\n Qua b\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean, n\u1ebfu x\u00e9t ri\u00eang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Kinh t\u1ebf (OECD) th\u00ec th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n than gi\u1ea3m so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed, \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u cao h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n cao h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 7,5%.<\/p>\n Ri\u00eang n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c, \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi tuy c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng cao nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ean 52,25% c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7t to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 28,82% s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n than ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (g\u1ed3m \u0111i\u1ec7n than, \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed, th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n) v\u1eabn gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, an ninh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.\/.<\/p>\n (\u0110\u00f3n \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef3 t\u1edbi…)<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n L\u00e3 H\u1ed3ng K\u1ef3 – H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch, c\u1ea7n \u01b0u ti\u00ean gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft s\u1edbm (10 n\u0103m t\u1edbi) trong Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam (nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh Lu\u1eadt D\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, Lu\u1eadt \u0110i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c; Quy ho\u1ea1ch d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u than, kh\u00ed h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng; Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4870,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4864","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tong-hop"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4864","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4864"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4864\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4864"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4864"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4864"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![](\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/oKoaPFigKzo-lkOlxZcWu7TaDXG9fFOzJdPAuI_vCkUj9bvHXLmxROHpyK_fuJtfj4QAkvhoJwgg473bEO4aVmR41wVfaKwAhN7NI6MS6vzWyjmZAz4FYQqGeYLYIfmEykkI-bLmrHofFVvALg\")
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