{"id":5081,"date":"2020-05-05T09:45:47","date_gmt":"2020-05-05T02:45:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/?p=5081"},"modified":"2020-05-05T09:45:47","modified_gmt":"2020-05-05T02:45:47","slug":"nghien-cuu-moi-ve-cac-anh-huong-tiem-tang-cua-vi-nhua-co-micromet-va-nanomet-toi-dong-vat-bien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/nghien-cuu-moi-ve-cac-anh-huong-tiem-tang-cua-vi-nhua-co-micromet-va-nanomet-toi-dong-vat-bien\/","title":{"rendered":"Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a vi nh\u1ef1a c\u1ee1 micromet v\u00e0 nanomet t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u1ea3nh nh\u1ef1a v\u1ee5n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t. N\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh vi nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nguy hi\u1ec3m, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 quan n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh vi nh\u1ef1a n\u00e0y s\u1ebd mang theo nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00e1c, khi\u1ebfn cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nh\u1ef1a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 C\u01a1 quan n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IAEA) v\u1eeba xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i l\u00ean c\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh vi nh\u1ef1a c\u1ee1 micromet v\u00e0 nanomet. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e1ng 3\/2020 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, trong 1\/3 s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh vi nh\u1ef1a nguy\u00ean sinh n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1, nh\u01b0 t\u1eadp t\u00ednh, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea7n kinh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng vi sinh trong h\u1ec7 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Marc Metian, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Sinh h\u1ecdc b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a IAEA, m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u00ean cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cVi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t vi nh\u1ef1a t\u1edbi sinh v\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i t\u1edbi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, hay s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1ef1a m\u1edbi t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc, th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n hay k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb m\u00e0 IAEA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Nh\u1ef1a trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Theo nh\u01b0 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c, 8 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 ra bi\u1ec3n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f4i ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 xu th\u1ebf n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050, \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ef1a h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 c\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 sinh th\u00e1i l\u1edbn c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u t\u00e2m. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f3 k\u00edch c\u1ee1 r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 hay t\u00fai nylon d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a k\u00edch c\u1ee1 nanomet. Trong khi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e3n ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i nh\u1ef1a l\u1edbn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 macroplastic v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a vi nh\u1ef1a k\u00edch c\u1ee1 micromet, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 nanomet m\u00f9 m\u1edd h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 k\u00edch c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 5 mm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 vi nh\u1ef1a. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c b\u00e9 h\u01a1n 100 nm (1\/10.000 mm) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a k\u00edch c\u1ee1 nano &#8211; nanoplastic. Ch\u00fang nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi quang h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t vi nh\u1ef1a, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1 s\u0103n m\u1ed3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0103n th\u1ecbt. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t vi nh\u1ef1a c\u1ee1 nanomet c\u00f2n nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 qua th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4. K\u1ebft c\u1ee5c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh h\u1ecdc trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, t\u1eeb d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n kinh t\u1edbi k\u00edch \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean v\u1eeba qua, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng khoa h\u1ecdc to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1eafc vi nh\u1ef1a c\u1ee1 micromet v\u00e0 nanomet \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u1ea9n s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Metian n\u00f3i th\u00eam: \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 cao, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi nh\u1ef1a\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111i k\u00e8m ch\u00fang l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi nh\u1ef1a nguy\u00ean sinh c\u1ee1 nanomet trong c\u00e1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 c\u00e1 bi\u1ec3n v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, do \u0111\u00f3, IAEA hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vi nh\u1ef1a nguy\u00ean sinh.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5082\" src=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/05.5.20.2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"555\" height=\"312\" \/><em>H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1 Thia con trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m vi nh\u1ef1a<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>An Th\u00e1i \u2013 Th\u1ee5c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1ea1 hi\u1ebfm<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ea3nh nh\u1ef1a v\u1ee5n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t. N\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5082,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-quoc-te"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5081","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5081"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5081\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5081"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5081"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5081"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}