{"id":5605,"date":"2020-07-20T14:15:32","date_gmt":"2020-07-20T07:15:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/?p=5605"},"modified":"2020-07-20T14:15:32","modified_gmt":"2020-07-20T07:15:32","slug":"ly-giai-tai-sao-dien-hat-nhan-co-vai-tro-lon-trong-chuyen-doi-nang-luong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/ly-giai-tai-sao-dien-hat-nhan-co-vai-tro-lon-trong-chuyen-doi-nang-luong\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00fd gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 l\u1edbn trong chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n &#8211; ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c-bon cung c\u1ea5p 10% \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n sang n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch, h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi &#8211; nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (CERN), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">H\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh (GHG) th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 15 gram CO<sub>2<\/sub> tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i kWh, khi c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Theo C\u01a1 quan N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IEA), trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1970-2013, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 163 Gt kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO<sub>2<\/sub>. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p 41%, trong khi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u00f3 chi\u1ebfm 6%. Nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n GHG th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5606\" src=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/19.7.20.1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"503\" \/>N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, CO<sub>2<\/sub> ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i do s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. (\u1ea2nh: IEA)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y nay<strong> cung c\u1ea5p 10% \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u2013 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i cacbon &#8211;<\/strong> g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1edd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u00f3. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c (<a href=\"https:\/\/sustainabledevelopment.un.org\/?menu=1300\">United Nations Sustainable Development Goals<\/a>), Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn Paris \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i; do thay th\u1ebf d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1eafp h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u1edbi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9i h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed cacbon \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi n\u0103m 2050 thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 81% n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p danh m\u1ee5c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u201cnon n\u1edbt\u201d, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean chuy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 2050, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thu gi\u1eef v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef cacbon. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cacbon th\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 gi\u00f3, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf hay h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 \u0111i nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i. Tuy v\u1eady, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng\u00a0 ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111ang b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd, khi\u1ebfn cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi; trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i pin h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 liti, coban v\u00e0 magi\u00ea \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khai th\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5607\" src=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/19.7.20.2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"323\" \/>\u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n &#8211; Kh\u00f4ng cacbon, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n. \u1ea2nh: <\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>REUTERS\/Dylan Martinez<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u201cg\u00e1nh v\u00e1c\u201d c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra do t\u00ednh gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. Ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i gi\u1eefa cung v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u, <strong>h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung ch\u1ea1y n\u1ec1n<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh n\u0103ng theo d\u00f5i t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng <em>(load tracking)<\/em>, th\u00edch \u1ee9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo m\u00f9a, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd theo nhu c\u1ea7u. Nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng do s\u1ef1 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e0ng cao.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n: c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed cho \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3m. Nh\u01b0ng khi xem x\u00e9t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean xung quanh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m chi ph\u00ed v\u1ed1n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed cho k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 gia c\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n, chi ph\u00ed k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n b\u1edfi t\u00ednh gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an ninh ngu\u1ed3n cung v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u00f3. V\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u00ean t\u1edbi 10% t\u1ed5ng ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed cho m\u1ed7i MWh t\u1eeb 5% \u0111\u1ebfn 50% t\u00f9y theo qu\u1ed1c gia, trong khi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng 30% nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed t\u1eeb 16% \u0111\u1ebfn 180%. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0a ra so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau &#8211; V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5608\" src=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/19.7.20.3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"418\" \/>Chi ph\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Anh v\u00e0 M\u0129 (USD\/MWh). \u1ea2nh: OECD, NEA<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o gia t\u0103ng, chi ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0103ng l\u00e0 do t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, chi ph\u00ed c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, chi ph\u00ed b\u1ed5 sung cho truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i . <em>Chi ph\u00ed c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/em> <em>(Balancing costs)<\/em> c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean t\u1eebng ph\u00fat c\u1ee7a cung v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u, khi cung v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. <em>Chi ph\u00ed th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng<\/em> <em>(Adequacy costs)<\/em> ph\u00e1t sinh nh\u1eb1m th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi l\u00fac, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch &#8211; ngay c\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c l\u1eb7ng gi\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ng\u00e0y nay, \u1edf nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo nhu c\u1ea7u <em>(dispatchable technologies),<\/em> c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng; nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u0169 v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1edbi khi ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 <em>chi ph\u00ed th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng<\/em>. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u1ede h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Kinh t\u1ebf\u00a0(OECD), n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u1ed7i MWh \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd phi \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang g\u00e2y ra cho gi\u00e1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu ch\u00fang, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 <strong>n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n, t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/strong> C\u00f4ng khai minh b\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn Paris. Tuy v\u1eady, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang khi\u1ebfn cho vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng m\u1edd m\u1ecbt. Nh\u01b0 \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft, chi ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u2013 bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 &#8211; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean <strong>s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y gia t\u1ed1c h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1eadn t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/strong>. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y &#8211; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e1y gia t\u1ed1c (<em>accelerator driven system),<\/em> do CERN ti\u00ean phong v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 &#8211; nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3m tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng cacbon v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 5 cent m\u1ed7i kWh. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng qui m\u00f4, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y gia t\u1ed1c proton, t\u1ea1o ra ngu\u1ed3n n\u01a1tron c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao, g\u00e2y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch trong v\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay khi m\u00e1y gia t\u1ed1c d\u1eebng, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. <strong>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eadn t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh n\u0103ng an to\u00e0n n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i<\/strong>; s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u01b0 \u1edf Chernobyl l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. V\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 tan ch\u1ea3y h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 Fukushima ho\u1eb7c Three-Mile c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3. Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1eeba gi\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eeba c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n (kho\u1ea3ng 500 n\u0103m so v\u1edbi 300.000 n\u0103m) do ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean thori thay v\u00ec urani. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng mang \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 trong kho ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i l\u1edbn hi\u1ec7n nay. V\u1edbi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u thori, plutoni \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, v\u00ec v\u1eady lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t d\u00f9ng cho bom h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. IAEA tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a thori s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec tri\u1ec3n khai n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y n\u1ec1n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 an ninh, cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u1eed cacbon do Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn Paris \u0111\u1eb7t ra.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch: Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Thu Trang, Ban KH&amp;QLKH<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n &#8211; ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c-bon cung c\u1ea5p 10% \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n sang n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch, h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi &#8211; nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5607,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5605","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tong-hop"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5605","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5605"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5605\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5605"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5605"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5605"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}