{"id":5937,"date":"2020-09-18T16:09:35","date_gmt":"2020-09-18T09:09:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/?p=5937"},"modified":"2020-09-18T16:09:35","modified_gmt":"2020-09-18T09:09:35","slug":"lo-phan-ung-tien-tien-mo-duong-cho-dien-hat-nhan-tiem-can-cac-muc-tieu-ve-chong-bien-doi-khi-hau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/lo-phan-ung-tien-tien-mo-duong-cho-dien-hat-nhan-tiem-can-cac-muc-tieu-ve-chong-bien-doi-khi-hau\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5938\" src=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/18.9.20.1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"382\" \/>Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Taishan \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng EPR. (\u1ea2nh: C\u00f4ng ty TNHH li\u00ean doanh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Taishan)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn gi\u00fap h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c-bon th\u1ea5p mang t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng an to\u00e0n n\u00e2ng cao v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed, c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp h\u1ee3p l\u00ed quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n, sau c\u00f9ng, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u1ebfu mong \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1i Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n Khoa h\u1ecdc IAEA n\u0103m nay, <strong><em>\u201cN\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch\u201d<\/em><\/strong>, di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 22-23\/9 t\u1ea1i Vi\u00ean, \u00c1o.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d4ng Stefano Monti, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ban Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a IAEA cho bi\u1ebft, c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trong 6 th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tr\u1edf l\u00ean, c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u00f3a, s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i tri\u1ec3n khai nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. S\u1ef1 tham gia v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Khi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf th\u00ec nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00e1c-bon th\u1ea5p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf sau h\u01a1n 6 th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">IAEA c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf an to\u00e0n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, IAEA h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 IV <em>(Generation IV International Forum, GIF) <\/em>&#8211; \u00a0m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n bao g\u1ed3m 13 qu\u1ed1c gia. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2000, GIF \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng phi \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hydro. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tinh x\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh: &#8220;ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a&#8221; <em>(evolutionary)<\/em> v\u00e0 &#8220;c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn&#8221; <em>(innovative).<\/em> C\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u1ee9c th\u00ec, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c-bon th\u1ea5p, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia xa h\u01a1n tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c-bon th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 m\u1ee9c cao v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng phi \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 15 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng s\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai. L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng APR1400 c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng VVER-1200 c\u1ee7a Nga \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u00e2ng cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn. Ngo\u00e0i l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng APR1400 \u1edf H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 kh\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf C\u00e1c Ti\u1ec3u v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u1ea2 R\u1eadp Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3 l\u00f2 VVER-1200 hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf Nga v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00f2 kh\u00e1c \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf Bangladesh, Belarus, Nga v\u00e0 Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y \u1edf Belarus d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2020. L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng EPR do Ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 2 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y kh\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n khai \u1edf Ph\u1ea7n Lan, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf sao cho \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00e0 v\u1eabn t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng HPR1000 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 1090 MW(e) c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hoa Long 1, \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, bao g\u1ed3m Argentina v\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2020. Lo\u1ea1i l\u00f2 n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c thanh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t do tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a boong-ke l\u00f2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p l\u1ef1c AP1000 1157 MW(e) \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i 2 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i l\u00f2 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00edt van h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kh\u00ed \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, d\u00f2ng tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c, d\u00f2ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng an to\u00e0n. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y AP1000 kh\u00e1c \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2022.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 2030 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec3n khai x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Lo\u1ea1i l\u00f2 n\u00e0y mang \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh cao, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng phi \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c (s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hydro), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng an to\u00e0n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ed1n c\u00f3, t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao th\u00f4ng qua gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t m\u1edbi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh v\u00e0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh theo chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n kh\u00e9p k\u00edn, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 g\u00f3p m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng natri BN-800, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 BN-600 v\u00e0 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. V\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i Nga t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 10\/2016, BN-800 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u oxit h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p &#8211; l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a plutoni v\u00e0 urani. Nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ea9y gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m cao m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d4ng\u00a0Dohee Hahn, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a IAEA cho bi\u1ebft: \u201c<em>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u n\u1eefa th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00edch l\u1ec7. Khi ch\u00fang ta n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i h\u01a1n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng \u0111ang t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, \u00a0gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111a t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf <em>(multi-recycling) <\/em>urani v\u00e0 plutoni c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng &#8211; nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1. Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf, thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n urani t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 <em>(Accident tolerant fuel &#8211; ATF) <\/em>l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n, \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m l\u1edbp v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, ATF c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 m\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t x\u1ea3y ra trong l\u00f5i l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e2u h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n trong l\u00f5i l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i h\u01a1n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p urani v\u00e0 plutoni c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cao h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t g\u1ed1m kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi s\u1ebd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng,\u00a0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00edch \u1ee9ng h\u01a1n cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i sinh ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi trong c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh khi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Nh\u1edd c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n cho l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch: Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Thu Trang, Ban KH&amp;QLKH<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Taishan \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng EPR. (\u1ea2nh: C\u00f4ng ty TNHH li\u00ean doanh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Taishan) &nbsp; C\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn gi\u00fap h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c-bon th\u1ea5p mang t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5938,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5937","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tong-hop"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5937","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5937"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5937\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5937"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5937"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5937"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}