MICHELE THIEME<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hay \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0ng theo th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i \u0111ang d\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

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$\"\"$ N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00ec s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t n\u00ean c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 s\u1edf NLTT \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc. \u1ea2nh: Siegfried Kuttig\/Alamy.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o (NLTT) tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang d\u1ea7n h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khoanh v\u00f9ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o \u0111\u00e1ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

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Gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n than v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a 140 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f9ng tham gia k\u00fd k\u1ebft Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris v\u1ec1 Ch\u1ed1ng Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tin r\u1eb1ng, ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n, kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c khu \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Global Change Biology<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra, hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 2.200 c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 900 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, khu \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh. \u00d4ng Jos\u00e9 Rehbein, chuy\u00ean gia t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n c\u1ea5p cao v\u1ec1 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean Thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 Kinh t\u1ebf Xanh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (World Bank) cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cC\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng xung quanh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00e2n sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc\u201d.<\/p>\n

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$\"\"$ M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y quang \u0111i\u1ec7n thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Ninh Ba, mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Trong khi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o linh ho\u1ea1t nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean lo ng\u1ea1i. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nhi\u1ec1u nguy c\u01a1 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u1ea2nh: Cynthia Lee \/ Alamy.<\/em><\/p>\n

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\u00d4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n nay Jos\u00e9 Rehbein l\u1ea1i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c khu \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

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Theo nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Rehbein: \u201cM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111ang n\u1eb1m trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00edt x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin quang \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tuabin gi\u00f3 lu\u00f4n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00f3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u00ean ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim v\u00e0 d\u01a1i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i xung quanh\u201d.<\/p>\n

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L\u00e0m \u201cs\u1ea1ch\u201d m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh<\/strong><\/p>\n

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T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t quang m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1, c\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u00e2y c\u00e1p cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

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Theo \u00f4ng Rehbein, cho d\u00f9 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ecf (17,4%) nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng kh\u00e1c ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c, T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n quan tr\u1ecdng; h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u00e1c \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, Nam M\u1ef9 ho\u1eb7c Ch\u00e2u Phi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy ho\u1ea1ch ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

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Khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y lo ng\u1ea1i b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111ang khi\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u carbon, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u00f2n bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu<\/strong>. Do \u0111\u00f3, theo \u00f4ng Rehbein, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi tham gia x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c cho c\u00e1c khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

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M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u00f4ng Rehbein c\u0169ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o: n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5 kinh doanh, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t, thay v\u00ec c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

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C\u00f9ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 James Allan c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Amsterdam, cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0m suy tho\u00e1i c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd n\u00ean b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t th\u00ec l\u1ea1i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/strong>. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u1eeba c\u1eb1n c\u1ed7i, v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng ai tranh gi\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cho n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m t\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

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Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 James Allan nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd c\u00f2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thu h\u00fat lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n m\u1edbi, nho nh\u1ecf \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u201cv\u00f9ng s\u00e2u v\u00f9ng xa\u201d ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

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R\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ef1 do \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n, c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u.
\nNh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Michele Thieme, tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ef9 B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt Hoang d\u00e3 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WWF) t\u1eebng so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i; do \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u cho th\u1ea5y 1.249 \u0111\u1eadp l\u1edbn trong c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 509 \u0111\u1eadp kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong c\u00e1c Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, bao g\u1ed3m V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf Thung l\u0169ng Valbona (Albania) v\u00e0 Khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n r\u1eebng ven s\u00f4ng Kaliwa \u1edf Philippines. B\u00e0 Thieme cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cS\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111ang \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ban ng\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m n\u00e0y\u201d.<\/p>\n

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B\u00e0 c\u0169ng cho bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 hai con \u0111\u1eadp tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Madeira \u1edf r\u1eebng Amazon (Brazil): d\u00f9 \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n cho Brazil nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y ra l\u0169 l\u1ee5t \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n, lan r\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi Bolivia v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1 da tr\u01a1n \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0y. Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Madeira g\u00e2y ra ng\u1eadp \u00fang k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1edbi 606km2, trong \u0111\u00f3 78% l\u00e0 r\u1eebng, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 160km2 so v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c di c\u01b0 ra kh\u1ecfi v\u00f9ng l\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm sinh k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n x\u00f3a s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng khi\u1ebfn Thiemeeven th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi n\u00ean d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf trong c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i. T\u1ea1i M\u1ef9, hai \u0111\u1eadp l\u1edbn tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Elwha \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1 h\u1ed3i di c\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng trong V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia Olympic.<\/p>\n

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Khai th\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o<\/strong><\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n n\u1eefa trong cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng cao v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng khai th\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng, coban, liti v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 s\u1eaft, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ecf \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy ho\u1ea1ch n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc. Theo ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Laura Sonter thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Queensland, tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, kho\u1ea3ng 8% c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c khai th\u00e1c n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, 7% \u0111ang \u1edf c\u00e1c khu \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 16% thu\u1ed9c khu v\u1ef1c r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh.<\/p>\n

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$\"\"$ \u0110\u1eadp Santo Antonio tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Madeira, t\u1ec9nh Porto Velho, Brazil. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch hai con \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edfi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u201cxanh\u201d, do \u0111\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 cho c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u1ea2nh: A.P.S. (UK) \/ Alamy.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Laura Sonter cho r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch khai th\u00e1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c m\u1ecf n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i b\u1edfi gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nature Communications<\/em>, n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu g\u00e2y ra 20% \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1edbi h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c suy tho\u00e1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111e d\u1ecda h\u01a1n 80% c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng.<\/p>\n

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B\u00e0 Sonter l\u01b0u \u00fd, \u201cC\u00f3 khi, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec c\u00e0ng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng do bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu\u201d. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00e0, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc khi khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u00ed h\u1eadu qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a xem x\u00e9t nghi\u00eam t\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i sau n\u00e0y\u201d.<\/p>\n

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Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai th\u00e1c \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quy ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3nh quan s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1i \u0111a nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

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Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch: Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u1ec7n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Anh, Ban KH&QLKH<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“C\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i. M\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u01b0u ti\u00ean d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng”. MICHELE THIEME Tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hay \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0ng theo th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6413,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6412","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tong-hop"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6412","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6412"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6412\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6412"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6412"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6412"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}