{"id":6480,"date":"2020-11-24T15:50:24","date_gmt":"2020-11-24T08:50:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/?p=6480"},"modified":"2020-11-24T15:50:24","modified_gmt":"2020-11-24T08:50:24","slug":"tap-chi-nature-energy-nang-luong-mat-troi-gio-va-hat-nhan-phat-thai-luong-cac-bon-thap-den-khong-ngo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/tap-chi-nature-energy-nang-luong-mat-troi-gio-va-hat-nhan-phat-thai-luong-cac-bon-thap-den-khong-ngo\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nature Energy: N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c-bon th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed <em>Nature Energy<\/em>, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u201c<em>Understanding future emissions from low-carbon power systems by integration of life-cycle assessment and integrated energy modelling<\/em>\u201d \u0111o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c-bon hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0<strong><em> v\u1ebft c\u00e1c-bon (carbon footprints) <\/em>c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng than \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed ga c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <em>c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thu gi\u1eef v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c-bon<\/em> <em>(CCS).<\/em><\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u00fang sau khi t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. <em>(Nature Energy l\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed c\u00f3 b\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Nature Publishing Group, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n online h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Gunnar Luderer, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu Potsdam (PIK) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i, <em>\u201cc\u00f3 lo ng\u1ea1i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra tuabin gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ra kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d4ng Luderer \u0111\u00e3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed <em>Carbon Brief <\/em>r\u1eb1ng, \u201c<em>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t [trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i] l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f3, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi\u2026 k\u00e8m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u00e0y<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 c\u00e1c-bon<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch thi tho\u1ea3ng l\u1ea1i tranh lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, gi\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c-bon t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. H\u1ecd coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201ckho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 c\u00e1c-bon\u201d l\u1edbn m\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u201cg\u00e1nh\u201d v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 h\u1ebft th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n than \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. C\u00e1c tuabin gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e9p v\u00e0 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ly t\u00e2m t\u00e1ch nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng ng\u1ed1n kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n phi c\u00e1c-bon kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n duy nh\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n <em>v\u1ebft carbon<\/em> v\u00e0 v\u1ebft n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp <em>(indirect carbon and energy footprint).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n than v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u00e1y m\u00f3c khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t ra \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 kh\u00ed m\u00ea-tan t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ebfng khoan ho\u1eb7c m\u1ecf than. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 <em>c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thu gi\u1eef v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c-bon (CCS) <\/em>th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 100% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thay \u0111\u1ed5i ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t Michaja Pehl v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 <em>(trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 TS. Gunnar Luderer &#8211; <\/em>t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai)<em>,<\/em> \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb nay \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd so s\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft c\u00e1c-bon ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u d\u01b0\u1edbi 2 \u0111\u1ed9 C hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0<em> th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 2C (2C world)<\/em> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u1eebng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng xa h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n <em>(Embodied energy)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n<\/em> <em>(embodied energy) <\/em>th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh dung v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m n\u00e0y<em>.<\/em> N\u00f3 ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1edbi <em>ho\u00e0n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em> <em>(energy return on investment &#8211; EROI)<\/em>. EROI l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa t\u1ed5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ra ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <em>(theo Sciencedirect).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ec3 <strong>s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn <em>n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n<\/em> cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. <\/strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n than, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 11%, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp b\u1eb1ng 11% t\u1ed5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra <em>(Xem bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y)<\/em>. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, 1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7n than s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra 9 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n, hay EROI l\u00e0 9:1.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n than, khi ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n 5% t\u1ed5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp cho n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi EROI l\u00e0 20:1. \u0110i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u1edbi l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 2% v\u00e0 4%, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng EROI l\u00e0 44:1 v\u00e0 26:1.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-6481\" src=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/23.11.20.1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"477\" \/>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 cho th\u1ea5y\u201cn\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n\u201d v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050, t\u00ednh theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Michaja Pehl, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u201cn\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong n\u0103m 2050, t\u0103ng t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 4 -10%. (Ngu\u1ed3n: Pehl v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi <em>Carbon Brief<\/em>, \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, Edgar Hertwich cho bi\u1ebft, \u201cT\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kinh ng\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <em>n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n<\/em> c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c\u201d. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Yale, M\u1ef9. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 AR5 c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban Li\u00ean ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu <em>(IPCC).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m nay, Qu\u1ef9 Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 N\u00f3ng l\u00ean To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u <em>(Global Warming Policy Foundation &#8211; GWPF)<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 tung ra c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u0103m 2013, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 <em>n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n<\/em> v\u00e0 EROI. Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ra, \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 EROI t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y t\u1eebng b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf b\u1edfi l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i \u201cl\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn\u2026 do v\u1eady, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9\u201d. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a GWPF sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Jonathan Ford, bi\u00ean t\u1eadp vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a <em>Financial Times<\/em>, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a GWPF li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e9p c\u1ee7a tuabin gi\u00f3 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed ga.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Hertwich v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb gi\u00f3, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, kh\u00ed ga v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y, <strong>\u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/strong> Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch n\u00e0y, <strong>c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4, t\u1eeb s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 xi m\u0103ng.<\/strong> Do \u0111\u00f3, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00e1c-bon th\u1ea5p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Pehl v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 <em>n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 <strong><em>v\u1ebft c\u00e1c-bon<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n than v\u00e0 kh\u00ed ga c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CCS, hay th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh h\u1ecdc <\/strong><em>(Xem bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-6482\" src=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/23.11.20.2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"541\" \/>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 cho th\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau theo v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 2C v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050 (c\u00e1c thanh m\u00e0u). M\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t sinh theo ngu\u1ed3n. Ngu\u1ed3n: Pehl v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 2C v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050, khi ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eed cacbon. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi khi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb <em>v\u1ebft c\u00e1c-bon<\/em> t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng trong AR5 c\u1ee7a IPCC, do AR5 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d4ng Luderer chia s\u1ebb, <strong>th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/strong> V\u00ed d\u1ee5, vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n \u00edt n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n, do ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng sang c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO<sub>2<\/sub> v\u00e0 th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf h\u01a1n n\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a IPCC \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp <em>(indirect greenhouse gas emissions)<\/em> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00e1c-bon th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed7i kilowatt gi\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 4 gam CO<sub>2<\/sub> (gCO2e \/ kWh), 6gCO2e \/ kWh v\u00e0 4gCO2e \/ kWh.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, than CCS (109g), kh\u00ed CCS (78g), th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n (97g) v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh h\u1ecdc (98g) c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao, so v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trung b\u00ecnh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 2C l\u00e0 15gCO<sub>2<\/sub>e \/ kWh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 CCS nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u1eabn b\u1ecb n\u00e2ng l\u00ean v\u00ec hai l\u00fd do. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c than ho\u1eb7c khai th\u00e1c kh\u00ed ga. Th\u1ee9 hai, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh CCS ch\u1ec9 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 90% CO<sub>2<\/sub> c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu h\u1ed3i cao h\u01a1n s\u1ebd t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i khi khai th\u00e1c, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 23-42gCO<sub>2<\/sub>e \/ kWh &#8211; v\u1eabn cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, gi\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 b\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 ra v\u1ebft c\u00e1c-bon bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng <\/strong>v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng do c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 b\u1ecb th\u1ed1i r\u1eefa khi ng\u1eadp trong \u0111\u1eadp. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eadp n\u00f4ng \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u1ea5m \u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>V\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh h\u1ecdc, <em>v\u1ebft c\u00e1c-bon<\/em> c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, <\/strong>t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n sinh kh\u1ed1i l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c-bon cao nh\u01b0 r\u1eebng hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec1 cao n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m so s\u00e1nh chi ph\u00ed v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh h\u1ecdc, th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 CCS. \u201c<strong>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018than s\u1ea1ch\u2019 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1<\/strong>, \u00f4ng Luderer n\u00eau trong m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng c\u00e1o b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee3p l\u00fd n\u1ebfu c\u00f2n hy v\u1ecdng n\u00f3 gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a CCS.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng Pehl n\u00f3i v\u1edbi <em>Carbon Brief<\/em>, \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u2018thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u00e1ch b\u1ec7nh\u2019 cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y. Than v\u00e0 kh\u00ed ga CCS s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, tuy nhi\u00ean t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u trung b\u00ecnh t\u00ednh tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u1edf tr\u00ean ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u n\u1eafng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 <em>v\u1ebft c\u00e1c-bon<\/em> l\u00e0 3gCO<sub>2<\/sub>\/ kWh, th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 7 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t (21gCO<sub>2<\/sub> \/ kWh). Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cu\u1ed1i th\u00ec <em>v\u1ebft c\u00e1c-bon<\/em> c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean <em>Nature Energy <\/em>cho th\u1ea5y, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n do x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tuabin gi\u00f3, t\u1ea5m pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201c<em>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n cao s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i l\u1ee3i \u00edch gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cho th\u1ea5y, \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang<\/em>\u201d, \u00f4ng Luderer kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong th\u00f4ng c\u00e1o b\u00e1o ch\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp t\u00ednh trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 2C s\u1ebd th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 kh\u00ed m\u00ea-tan \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c than v\u00e0 kh\u00ed ga.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trong b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft, <strong><em>\u201cl\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp ph\u00e1t sinh do m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f3, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu\u201d.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa l\u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 theo th\u1eddi gian, trong khi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 0. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Hertwich cho r\u1eb1ng, \u201cn\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng 0, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u1eed th\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch: Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Thu Trang, Ban KH&amp;QLKH<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nature Energy, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cUnderstanding future emissions from low-carbon power systems by integration of life-cycle assessment and integrated energy modelling\u201d \u0111o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6481,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6480","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tong-hop"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6480","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6480"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6480\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6480"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6480"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6480"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}