{"id":6590,"date":"2020-12-15T15:01:22","date_gmt":"2020-12-15T08:01:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/?p=6590"},"modified":"2020-12-15T15:01:22","modified_gmt":"2020-12-15T08:01:22","slug":"co-che-suy-thoai-do-buc-xa-o-tuong-chan-sinh-hoc-be-tong-trong-cac-lo-phan-ung-nuoc-nhe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/co-che-suy-thoai-do-buc-xa-o-tuong-chan-sinh-hoc-be-tong-trong-cac-lo-phan-ung-nuoc-nhe\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf suy tho\u00e1i do b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u1edf t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafn sinh h\u1ecdc b\u00ea t\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Th\u00f9ng l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafn sinh h\u1ecdc b\u00ea t\u00f4ng (<em>concrete biological shield<\/em>) v\u1edbi hai ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 th\u00f9ng l\u00f2 v\u00e0 che ch\u1eafn ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 neutron t\u1eeb l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafn sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00f2 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi 40 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a \u1edf k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u00e0y. Do nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng trong khi chi ph\u00ed x\u00e2y m\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn n\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia h\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn 60 \u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn 80 n\u0103m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i do b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t li\u1ec1u neutron cao g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi 10<sup>20<\/sup> (n\/cm<sup>2<\/sup>). V\u1edbi m\u1ee9c li\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfu n\u00e0y s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n pha t\u1eeb tinh th\u1ec3 (<em>crystalline<\/em>) sang v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh (<em>amorphization<\/em>) \u1edf c\u1ed1t li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1 trong b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ea1ch anh (SiO<sub>2<\/sub>), albite (NaAlSi<sub>3<\/sub>O<sub>8<\/sub>), etc. S\u1ef1 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf th\u1ec3 t\u00edch, l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 18% \u1edf th\u1ea1ch anh, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y n\u1ee9t trong b\u00ea t\u00f4ng (nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh 1). Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf suy tho\u00e1i do b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u1edf b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u1edf th\u1ea1ch anh nh\u01b0 li\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 (<em>irradiation dose<\/em>), m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 (<em>flux<\/em>) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u00e1y gia t\u1ed1c h\u1ea1t (<em>Particle Accelerator<\/em>) v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0i tr\u0103m keV \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i MeV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng do b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 neutron trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c va ch\u1ea1m (<em>collision interaction<\/em>) gi\u1eefa neutron-atom v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t ion-atom l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau. Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y, 2MeV He<sup>2+<\/sup> ion v\u00e0 3MeV Si<sup>2+<\/sup> ion \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia t\u1ed1c tr\u00ean m\u00e1y gia t\u1ed1c h\u1ea1t Tandem v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1ea1ch anh \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3 \u1edf c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau 44<sup>o<\/sup>C, 92<sup>o<\/sup>C v\u00e0 142<sup> o<\/sup>C v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u1ea5t 2 x 10<sup>16<\/sup> (ions\/cm<sup>2<\/sup>). Chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a 2MeV He<sup>2+<\/sup> ion v\u00e0 3MeV Si<sup>2+<\/sup> ion trong th\u1ea1ch anh\u00a0 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 6 micr\u00f4m\u00e9t v\u00e0 2 micr\u00f4m\u00e9t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m SRIM2013. Sau khi chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ec3 t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi Laser v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed truy\u1ec1n qua (<em>Transmission Electron Microscopy<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-6591\" src=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/15.12.20.4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"374\" \/><\/strong><em>Nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ee9t \u1edf t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra do s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u00e0m gi\u00e3n n\u1edf \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a trong \u0111\u00e1 khi b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 neutron trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ec3 t\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed truy\u1ec1n qua, sau khi th\u1ea1ch anh chuy\u1ec3n pha ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sang v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e3n n\u1ee1 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n. Chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 \u1edf c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u00e3n n\u1edf ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 li\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt l\u00fd (<em>physical constraint<\/em>). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng trong trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham chi\u1ebfu (<em>reference level<\/em>)* cho t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafn sinh h\u1ecdc b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u1edf th\u1ea1ch anh tuy nhi\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n pha ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ec3 t\u00edch v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Nagaoka, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0022311519316514?via%3Dihub\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0022311519316514?via%3Dihub<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>L\u01b0u V\u0169 Nh\u1ef1t, Trung t\u00e2m \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ghi ch\u00fa:<\/p>\n<p><em>* Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham chi\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng neutron trong b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh b\u00ea t\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Th\u00f9ng l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafn sinh h\u1ecdc b\u00ea t\u00f4ng (concrete biological shield) v\u1edbi hai ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 th\u00f9ng l\u00f2 v\u00e0 che ch\u1eafn ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 neutron t\u1eeb l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafn sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6591,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6590","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-hoat-dong-cua-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6590","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6590"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6590\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6590"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6590"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6590"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}