{"id":6612,"date":"2020-12-21T15:27:43","date_gmt":"2020-12-21T08:27:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/?p=6612"},"modified":"2020-12-21T15:27:43","modified_gmt":"2020-12-21T08:27:43","slug":"the-he-hat-nhan-tien-tien-cau-chuyen-tai-xuat-cua-cong-nghe-giai-quyet-bien-doi-khi-hau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/the-he-hat-nhan-tien-tien-cau-chuyen-tai-xuat-cua-cong-nghe-giai-quyet-bien-doi-khi-hau\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn: C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-6613\" src=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/21.12.20.3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\" \/>NuScale, c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf t\u1ea1i Oregon, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00f4-\u0111un nh\u1ecf (SMR). H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng ph\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a SMR.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb l\u00e2u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng, nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, t\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 <em>&#8220;kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d (uncuttable).<\/em> Sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 ch\u00fang b\u1edfi c\u00e1c n\u01a1-tron (wayward neutrons), gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1o ra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng l\u00ean kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kh\u00f4ng may cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ngay sau khi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ed1 \u00fd bi\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. M\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m 2020 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u 75 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u00e9m bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed xu\u1ed1ng Hiroshima v\u00e0 Nagasaki, trong ch\u1edbp m\u1eaft gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft 100.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 200.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u01b0ng d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, b\u00f3ng ma v\u1ec1 bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, g\u00e2y \u00e1m \u1ea3nh cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng, do s\u01a1 su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n. C\u00e1c v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Chernobyl, Three Mile Island v\u00e0 Fukushima \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eefng l\u1ea1i \u1edf M\u1ef9 trong v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua. \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n cung c\u1ea5p 20% ngu\u1ed3n cung \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. Tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9p h\u00e0ng n\u0103m dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 2,5% (Trung Qu\u1ed1c) \u0111\u1ebfn 2,8% (\u0110\u1ee9c).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n nay n\u1ed5i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111ang n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, trong \u0111\u00f3 <strong>ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn hy v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c-bon th\u1ea5p d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d4ng Jacopo Buongiorno, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Massachusetts (MIT), chia s\u1ebb: <em>\u201c\u00d4 t\u00f4 hay m\u00e1y bay c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi 15, 20, 30, 40 n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd mua m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc Mercedes \u0111\u1eddi 2020, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng mua m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc Peugeot t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1965&#8243;.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hi\u1ec7n nay, <strong>\u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, gi\u00fap v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n<\/strong> so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chuy\u00ean gia v\u1eabn ho\u00e0i nghi li\u1ec7u r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee7 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 xoa d\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i hay kh\u00f4ng, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu \u0111i kho\u1ea3n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. T\u1ea1i M\u1ef9, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u00d4ng Edwin Lyman, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c an to\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean minh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc quan t\u00e2m <em>(Union of Concerned Scientists) <\/em>cho r\u1eb1ng, <em>\u201cn\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 v\u1ebb t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 tin, nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eadt\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0o, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n l\u1edbn c\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n d\u00e0i k\u1ef3, trong \u0111\u00f3 tuy\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n di\u1ec7n l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. <strong>C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, c\u00f3 ba c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 lo\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u201ct\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t\u201d trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-6614\" src=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/21.12.20.4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"514\" \/>NuScale d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf M\u1ef9, v\u1edbi 12 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. \u1ea2nh (nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng) do NuScale cung c\u1ea5p.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i 1: Thu g\u1ecdn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1edbn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00f4-\u0111un nh\u1ecf (SMR), t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng so v\u1edbi l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra 500 megawatt \u0111\u1ebfn 1 gigawatt \u0111i\u1ec7n. SMR t\u1ea1o ra ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 300 MW.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01a1n s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00f3c th\u00eam c\u00e1c toa v\u00e0o t\u00e0u ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u b\u00f3ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00f4ng ty NuScale, c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf t\u1ea1i Oregon, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 SMR. C\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 60 MW, \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n cho kho\u1ea3ng 50.000 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a NuScale \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee6y ban Ph\u00e1p quy h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n M\u0129 (NRC) ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t s\u01a1 b\u1ed9, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e8n xanh cho l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d4ng Jose Reyes, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i NuScale cho hay: <em>\u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u1edbi kho\u1ea3n t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 1,35 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la t\u1eeb B\u1ed9 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1ef9 (DOE), NuScale d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 12 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n cho li\u00ean doanh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u1edf bang Utah, mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2029.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d4ng Reyes b\u00e0y t\u1ecf tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng NuScale \u0111ang m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch sang m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eb1m khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Utah v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u201cd\u1eadm ch\u00e2n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7\u201d trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng qua do ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9, quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean x\u1ea5u \u0111i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi v\u1ea5n dai d\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e1t t\u1eebng vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch, nh\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c d\u1ec5 b\u1eaft l\u1eeda, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 NuScale, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty c\u0169ng theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4 \u201cnh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn\u201d. L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a NuScale l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n thu nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi h\u01a1n l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Terrestrial Energy, c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf t\u1ea1i Ontario, \u0111ang xin ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1p quy Canada cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 hai nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 195 MW.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d4ng Canon Bryan, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Terrestrial, l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng <strong>vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. <\/strong>Theo \u00f4ng quan s\u00e1t, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng do d\u1ef1 khi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u00ean 1 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la, nh\u01b0ng khi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t hi\u1ec7n nay, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed tr\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d4ng Buongiorno (MIT) c\u0169ng coi chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nh\u1ecf k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n, tuy c\u1ea1nh tranh nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn b\u1ed5 sung cho c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. Theo \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi v\u00ec khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00f3, c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0, chi ph\u00ed ra sao? N\u1ebfu chi ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y qu\u00e1 cao th\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng mua, th\u00e0 mua b\u1ed9 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u1edbn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ngo\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng quy m\u00f4 &#8220;si\u00eau nh\u1ecf&#8221; c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi 50 MW, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u1ec9 1 MW. C\u00e1c l\u00f2 si\u00eau nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c m\u1ecf khai th\u00e1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 Ultra Safe Nuclear Corporation (USNC), \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng si\u00eau nh\u1ecf l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng heli c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 5 MW. \u00d4ng Mark Mitchell, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a USNC, l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, <strong>\u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf x\u00edu sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1edbn d\u1ea7n l\u00ean<\/strong> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd qua c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 trong 10 n\u0103m qua. \u00d4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, <em>\u201cn\u1ebfu h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d4ng Bryan c\u1ee7a Terrestrial nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh, l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng k\u00edch c\u1ee1 s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i: <em>\u201cC\u00e1c \u00a0nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n nay thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u00edch c\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i 2: Th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u. H\u01a1n 80% n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i. Theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n. <strong>Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp theo c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d4ng Bryan n\u00f3i: <em>\u201cH\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh, trong khi \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed v\u1edbi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, th\u00ec t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1eaby l\u1eebng&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 572 \u0111\u1ed9 F, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00f4i qu\u00e1 nhanh, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 1.292 \u0111\u1ed9 F ho\u1eb7c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00ed nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ean 1.652 \u0111\u1ed9 F.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d4ng Bryan cho bi\u1ebft, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n t\u1eeb 25-150 MW, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u1ecf \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay th\u1ebf nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00e1c-bon th\u1ea5p s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ng\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec7t, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch hydro ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u hydro. Nhi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p v\u00e0 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u2013 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u1eed cacbon. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch r\u00f2ng, thu gi\u1eef CO<sub>2<\/sub> tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n carbon th\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nh\u1ecf, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia an to\u00e0n nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng Lyman c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ee7i ro. C\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sinh nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i \u1edf s\u00e1t g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t, v\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. <em>\u201cN\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c d\u1ec5 b\u1eaft l\u1eeda, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i m\u1edbi\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>C\u00f4ng ty Terrestrial Energy c\u1ee7a Canada \u0111ang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf, v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 2 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 195 megawatt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i 3: An to\u00e0n h\u01a1n trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">T\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 khi t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nh\u1ecf cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c-bon th\u1ea5p, d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb cho \u0111a d\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ea5t an khi s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n cho d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh n\u0103ng an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0i nghi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111ang l\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng an to\u00e0n c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng tai h\u1ecda ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 3 lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Th\u1ee9 2, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c v\u00e0 th\u1ea3i ra b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i. Th\u1ee9 3, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3m h\u1ecda t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, <strong>c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nguy c\u01a1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u0169 kh\u00ed.<\/strong> B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u0169 kh\u00ed. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 uranium th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c <strong>l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di r\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang<\/strong>. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c l\u00f2 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf sao cho th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ed5 sung ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy c\u01a1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o tay k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u, nh\u01b0ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u0169 kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 x\u1ea3y ra tai n\u1ea1n th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c. M\u1ed7i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m, l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 <strong>n\u00e2ng cao c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/strong> nh\u1eb1m lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n, ngay c\u1ea3 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda tan ch\u1ea3y v\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t \u1edf Fukushima x\u1ea3y ra sau khi m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn s\u00f3ng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1eadp ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m m\u00e1t th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. T\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 Fukushima, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 s\u00f4i l\u00ean. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a NuScale \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t nh\u1edd kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed xung quanh n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t quanh l\u00f2 v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 kh\u00ed nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng s\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Khi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u r\u1eafn tan ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 r\u1ec9 ra kh\u1ecfi khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9a, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef &#8220;tan ch\u1ea3y&#8221; <em>(meltdown).<\/em> L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00ed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, m\u1ed7i qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 ri\u00eang l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u r\u1eafn. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tan trong mu\u1ed1i, gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nguy c\u01a1 tan ch\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d4ng Bryan kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tan ch\u1ea3y th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a ch\u00fang \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5. L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00eam c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Theo \u00f4ng Lyman, n\u1ebfu d\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u tin t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c, s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c k\u00e9m an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng&#8221;. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh <strong>chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong>, n\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u00edt ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, n\u1ebfu l\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh kh\u00f3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u plutoni c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u0169 kh\u00ed, \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n nguy c\u01a1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u0169 kh\u00ed nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng gia t\u0103ng r\u1ee7i ro ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef an to\u00e0n trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u00e2u d\u00e0i h\u01a1n th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1i N\u00fai Yucca \u1edf Nevada \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n v\u00f4 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n do s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d4ng Buongiorno n\u00f3i: <em>\u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh mang \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u1edf M\u0129, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 sai th\u1ea3m h\u1ea1i\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ea7n Lan \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 mua c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng xung quanh. M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u00e1c kho nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng Buongiorno h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 sau: n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi, th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u1ea5p cao\u2026 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eeba m\u1ed9t t\u00e1ch tr\u00e0 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1ch tr\u00e0 l\u1ea1i, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, nh\u01b0ng <strong>n\u1ebfu d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u00f2 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0o \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n mang theo nh\u1eefng \u1ea9n s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c d\u1eebng l\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>&#8220;M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi, ch\u01b0a v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ch\u00fat n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh&#8221;,<\/em> \u00f4ng Lyman chia s\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 coi tr\u1ecdng an to\u00e0n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Ultra Safe (USNC) th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a t\u1eeb \u201cUltra Safe\u201d <em>(c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 an to\u00e0n)<\/em> v\u00e0o t\u00ean c\u00f4ng ty. <em>\u201cT\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p,\u201d<\/em> \u00f4ng Mitchell cho hay.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u201can to\u00e0n l\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft\u201d n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c \u201cn\u00f3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi l\u00e0m\u201d. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty <strong>c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t ph\u00e1p quy c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Canada.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng Lyman lo ng\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 NRC \u0111ang h\u01a1i v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng do<em> \u201c\u0111ang ch\u1ecbu kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1p l\u1ef1c b\u1edfi ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef v\u1eefng m\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ngo\u00e0i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1p quy ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u1ee7a d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn, n\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc m\u1ecdi r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. Sau t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, <strong>c\u00e1c \u201cgi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u201cc\u1ea5p\u201d m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh.<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Carl Perez, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Elysium Industries, c\u00f4ng ty thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-6616\" src=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/21.12.20.6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"483\" \/>L\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng si\u00eau nh\u1ecf Oklo <\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Vai tr\u00f2 s\u1eafp t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u1ede \u201ch\u1eadu tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d, \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8n s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n s\u1edbm h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d4ng Bryan th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn, <em>&#8220;nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ebfn 30, 40, 50 n\u0103m n\u1eefa. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1ea3m nh\u00ed\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ngay c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nh\u1ecf (nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra b\u00ean trong m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi), d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00ec n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. \u00d4ng Buongiorno v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i do ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh <strong>ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1cbon th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t.<\/strong> \u00d4ng n\u00f3i, <em>\u201ch\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta nghi\u00eam t\u00fac mu\u1ed1n kh\u1eed cacbon\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Li\u00ean minh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc quan t\u00e2m <em>(The Union of Concerned Scientists),<\/em> t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, nay c\u0169ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1c-bon, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Theo gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh &#8211; \u00f4ng Lyman, n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 gi\u00e1 n\u00e0o, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn sai s\u00f3t trong y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n coi vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eed cacbon l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i l\u00f2 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. \u00d4ng Perez ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00f4-\u0111un nh\u1ecf, n\u00ean c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y l\u1edbn (h\u01a1n 1 GW) \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gia t\u0103ng nhanh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng kh\u1eed c\u00e1c-bon tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u1ede h\u01b0\u1edbng suy ngh\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, kh\u1eed cacbon c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. Oklo \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng si\u00eau nh\u1ecf 1,5 MW v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ty c\u0169ng coi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d4ng Caroline Cochran, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Oklo, cho bi\u1ebft: <em>\u201cC\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u1eed c\u00e1c-bon \u1edf m\u1ee9c s\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng kh\u1eed cacbon v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Oklo l\u1ea5y t\u00ean t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng Oklo c\u1ee7a Gabon, mi\u1ec1n Trung ch\u00e2u Phi. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c m\u1ecf uranium \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong 2 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m, n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u00ean g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0129nh c\u1eedu, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1edbi t\u00ecnh c\u1edd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch: Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Thu Trang, Ban KH&amp;QLKH<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NuScale, c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf t\u1ea1i Oregon, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00f4-\u0111un nh\u1ecf (SMR). H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng ph\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a SMR. &nbsp; S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6615,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6612","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tong-hop"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6612","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6612"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6612\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6612"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6612"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6612"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}