![\"\"](\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/21.12.20.10.jpg\")
<\/em><\/strong>C\u01a1n b\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u1edf <\/em>Y<\/em>macao<\/em> – <\/em>m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng Puerto Rico. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e3o <\/em>\u201c<\/em>Maria<\/em>\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang. Khi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 sinh l\u1eddi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cEROEI\u201d (\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 \u00edch cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u201cEROEI\u201d (Energy Returned On Energy Invested) l\u00e0 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng) v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 EROEI ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 EROEI c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 3,9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i – 16. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea5p 16 l\u1ea7n trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 so v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n V\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 EROEI nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, li\u1ec7u<\/strong> c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh<\/strong> ch\u00fang ta?<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u0103m 2013, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ch\u00fang ta. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng theo EROEI, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n V\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 EROEI t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 20, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00ec EROEI ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 30.<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho ch\u00fang ta, v\u1eady n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 EROEI \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng!?<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 (NM\u0110G) hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 40-45%, g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t (v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft) l\u00e0 59,3%. Do \u0111\u00f3, EROEI t\u1ed1i \u0111a tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a NM\u0110G s\u1ebd v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 22 \u2013 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n M\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 25%. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 100%, th\u00ec EROEI c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean 15 \u2013 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf g\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c \u2013 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau \u1edf b\u00ean tr\u00ean). Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng, v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n EROEI t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, th\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh n\u00e0o l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n N\u1ebfu t\u1ed5ng EROEI c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 5, n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng lo l\u1eafng h\u01a1n khi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t (m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c). \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n cao (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c hydrocacbon) b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n N\u1ebfu b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 EROEI cao (EROEI c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n – t\u1eeb 75 tr\u1edf l\u00ean, EROEI c\u1ee7a hydrocacbon – t\u1eeb 28 tr\u1edf l\u00ean) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, th\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng b\u00e0n.<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n (\u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng).<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 EROEI kh\u00e1 cao trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb than v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t – nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng (h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dac cho th\u1ea5y, vi\u1ec7c \u201cl\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n\u201d qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn l\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ecbu ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dac c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cao v\u1ec1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1edfi tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (\u00dac l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 ba tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ec9 sau Nga v\u00e0 \u1ea2 R\u1eadp X\u00ea \u00dat). Nh\u01b0ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf \u0111\u00f3? \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i \u0111ang c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng, thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb hydrocacbon b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a Elon Musk v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u00edch l\u0169y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng) t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap \u00edch g\u00ec cho n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dac, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, khi ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 tin c\u1eady (\u201cstress test\u201d). R\u1eafc r\u1ed1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00dac. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1ea1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec7n \u00dac, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb than v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 Matt Canavan, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u1edf \u00dac, g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.”<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, v\u00ec n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9 s\u00e1u tram (600) c\u01b0 d\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o \u201cTau\u201d, n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eb1m chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o \u201cTau\u201d sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Elon Musk.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Hi\u1ec7n nay, ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c – \u0111\u00f3 <\/strong>l<\/strong>\u00e0 <\/strong>v\u1ea5n<\/strong> \u0111<\/strong>\u1ec1<\/strong> th\u1ea3i<\/strong> b\u1ecf<\/strong> c<\/strong>\u00e1<\/strong>c<\/strong> th<\/strong>\u00e0<\/strong>nh<\/strong> ph\u1ea7n<\/strong>, <\/strong>thi\u1ebft<\/strong> b\u1ecb<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 <\/strong>qua<\/strong> s\u1eed<\/strong> d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi tuy t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u1ef1a th\u1ee7y tinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tuabin \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tuabin \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m t\u1ea5m h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e2m thanh.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ty kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf polymer t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf – ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u00e0o theo h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng ty h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 – Vestas, m\u1edbi d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, kh\u00f4ng s\u1edbm h\u01a1n n\u0103m 2040.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi, th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 mai m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh: Aztec, Olmecs, Inca, Ba T\u01b0, La M\u00e3, Macedonia, M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, Ai C\u1eadp, Maya… Theo nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh, nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc-nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc Joseph Tainter, s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh x\u1ea3y ra do s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay, s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 EROEI c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n V\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 EROEI ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. Theo \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd chinh ph\u1ee5c h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea1t gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi? \u201c\u0110\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft ..\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ban H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay th\u1ebf (n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o) c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (sau khi h\u1ebft th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n s\u1eed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6638,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tong-hop"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6637","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6637"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6637\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6637"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6637"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6637"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/21.12.20.11.jpg\")
<\/em><\/strong>Tuabin <\/em>gi<\/em>\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 <\/em>v<\/em>\u01b0<\/em>\u1ee3t<\/em> qua<\/em> \u0111\u01b0<\/em>\u1ee3c<\/em> c<\/em>\u01a1<\/em>n<\/em> b\u00e3o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/em>, <\/em>nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t <\/em>\u0111<\/em>\u1ec3<\/em> c<\/em>\u00e1<\/em>c<\/em> tuabin<\/em> gi<\/em>\u00f3 <\/em>ho\u1ea1t<\/em> \u0111<\/em>\u1ed9ng<\/em> tr\u1edf<\/em> l\u1ea1i<\/em> \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/em> V<\/em>\u00e0 t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, <\/em>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong l\u01b0\u1edbi<\/em> \u0111<\/em>i\u1ec7n<\/em>,<\/em> th<\/em>\u00ec<\/em> c\u00e1c tuabin gi\u00f3 l\u00e0 “v\u00f4 <\/em>ngh<\/em>\u0129<\/em>a<\/em>“<\/em><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/21.12.20.12.jpg\")
<\/em><\/strong>\u1ede trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 San Juan, c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u00ec tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Puerto Rico ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n: 40% c\u01b0 d\u00e2n th\u1eadm ch\u00ed sau 4 th\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/em><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/21.12.20.13.jpg\")
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![\"\"](\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/21.12.20.14.jpg\")
<\/em><\/strong>H\u00ecnh kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf M\u1ef9<\/em><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/21.12.20.15.jpg\")
<\/em><\/strong>Gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i theo lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (T\u1ea5n\/TWh). Ri\u00eang t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p 15 l\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n<\/em><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/21.12.20.16.jpg\")
<\/em><\/strong>Pin c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 100 MW do c\u00f4ng ty Tesla ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng) t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Jamestown, Mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dac<\/em><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/21.12.20.17.jpg\")
<\/em><\/strong>Ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n diesel <\/em>th<\/em>\u00f4<\/em>ng<\/em> d\u1ee5ng<\/em> b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin <\/em>n<\/em>\u0103<\/em>ng<\/em> l<\/em>\u01b0<\/em>\u1ee3ng<\/em> m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng <\/em>th<\/em>\u00e0<\/em>nh<\/em> c<\/em>\u00f4<\/em>ng<\/em>, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Elon Musk<\/em><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/21.12.20.18.jpg\")
<\/em><\/strong>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i trong Phim \u2013 truy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch\u00a0 \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Xa x\u00f4i\u201d: “Th\u00f4i th\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c”<\/em><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/21.12.20.19.jpg\")
\u201cT\u1eadn th\u1ebf c\u00f9ng tuabin gi\u00f3\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n