Vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5p th\u1ecfm lo \u00e2u v\u1ec1 nguy c\u01a1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1? D\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 l\u01a1 l\u1eedng \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng b\u0103n kho\u0103n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n: n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u1edf m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 theo k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

$\"\"$ Ph\u00f2ng Th\u00e0nh C\u1ea3ng, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam kho\u1ea3ng 50 km, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2018. Ngu\u1ed3n: Reuters<\/em><\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p th\u1eadt ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, khi nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a TS. Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00e0o Quang (Vi\u1ec7n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam) chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec7m thu \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u201cNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n C\u1ea3ng Ph\u00f2ng Th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 X\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d (KC.05\/16-20) sau n\u0103m n\u0103m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u1edd b\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0\u00a0CNN, New York Times, BBC, Reuters, DW, AP\u2026<\/i>, v\u00e0 sau l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0a tin v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 kh\u00ed t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0i S\u01a1n (Taishan) \u1edf Giang M\u00f4n, Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng (Trung Qu\u1ed1c). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 theo \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh nh\u01b0ng th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111o\u00e1n khi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cgi\u1eadt th\u1ed9t\u201d v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lu\u1ed3ng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u00ean c\u00e1c trang m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u201cli\u1ec7u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n g\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 an to\u00e0n?\u201d, \u201cli\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u01a1 t\u00e1n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra?\u201d, \u201cph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u00f3?\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 ngay t\u1eafp l\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. C\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 lan truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i to\u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tham s\u1ed1 kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh, kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n… \u201cV\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m phi ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 theo th\u1eddi gian trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n\u201d, TS. Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00e0o Quang, ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i, cho bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng theo TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh (Vi\u1ec7n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam), m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1eebng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n: \u201cVi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1eafc ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m. C\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u1ec7m cho b\u00e0i to\u00e1n l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n g\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec \u1ee9ng x\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng th\u00f4i th\u00fac t\u00ecm nghi\u1ec7m cho b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 kh\u1ecfa l\u1ea5p \u0111i m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i: t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u201cb\u00e0i to\u00e1n trong b\u00e0i to\u00e1n\u201d m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n (source terms) – c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sau m\u1ed9t tai n\u1ea1n^{1<\/sup>. Khi c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n trong tay th\u00ec v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u201cnh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tung ra v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Nh\u00ecn chung, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u201d, TS. Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00e0o Quang gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/p>\n}

Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a C\u1ea3ng Ph\u00f2ng Th\u00e0nh (Fangchenggang) v\u00e0 X\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang (Changjiang), hai nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c g\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u1edf t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng c\u1edfi m\u1edf l\u1eafm trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc (conceptual design), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970. Theo th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WNA), n\u01a1i quy t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng R&D \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb Canada, Ph\u00e1p, Nga, M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Hai l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng C\u1ea3ng Ph\u00f2ng Th\u00e0nh 1 v\u00e0 2 hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u theo c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 CPR-1000, m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 M310 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi ba nh\u00e1nh l\u00e0m m\u00e1t s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p (t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u201cl\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p l\u1ef1c Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn\u201d v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 2+, v\u1edbi trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi 60 n\u0103m. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, hai l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng X\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang 1 v\u00e0 2 hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o H\u1ea3i Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 CNP-600 v\u1edbi hai nh\u00e1nh l\u00e0m m\u00e1t s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai, c\u0169ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p^{2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n}

V\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cthay th\u1ebf\u201d s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a hai nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u00e0y? Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 TS. Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00e0o Quang \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0 \u201ckhi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i, m\u00ecnh l\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y Fukushima Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 t\u00edch l\u0169y trong t\u1eebng thanh nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau n\u00ean m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u201d.<\/p>\n

$\"\"$ C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n X\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o H\u1ea3i Nam, Trung Qu\u1ed1c.\u00a0\u1ea2nh ch\u1ee5p n\u0103m 2015. Ngu\u1ed3n: AP<\/em><\/p>\n

Song song v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi FLEXPART, m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u00c1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n, l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbt, ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc b\u1eadc 1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n. X\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 Fukushima \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u. \u201cS\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 Fukushima ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau\u201d, TS. Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00e0o Quang n\u00f3i v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft, s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e0 anh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean\u00a0Journal of Environmental Radioactivity n\u0103m 2019<\/i>^{3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n}

X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc tin \u0111\u1ed3n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 kh\u00ed \u1edf nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0i S\u01a1n cho th\u1ea5y suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khi \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2017 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. \u1ede g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia an to\u00e0n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh cho r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb 100% kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng r\u1ee7i ro c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, cho d\u00f9 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 Fukushima \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 10^{-6<\/sup>, khi \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau. \u201cV\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean nh\u1eefng k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ecdn theo ba c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a thang s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 INES c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 quan N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IAEA) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d, TS. Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00e0o Quang b\u1ed5 sung.<\/p>\n}

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\u201cT\u1eeb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng lan truy\u1ec1n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 li\u1ec1u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 tai n\u1ea1n t\u1eeb C\u1ea3ng Ph\u00f2ng Th\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a c\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c can thi\u1ec7p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 t\u00e1n, di d\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng – v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb su\u1ea5t li\u1ec1u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 r\u01a1i l\u1eafng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 I-131 v\u00e0 Cs-137 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng – \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a IAEA v\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 25\/2014\/TT-BKHCN\u201d.<\/p>\n
TS. Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00e0o Quang<\/p>\n
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Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u1ed9t tai n\u1ea1n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 tho\u00e1t ra \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u1ecfi l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 nh\u01b0 Xenon, Krypton, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 Iodine -131, Caesium – 137, Caesium -134\u2026 Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u00e2n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 Caesium-137 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 Fukushima \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o FLEXPART \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Theo gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a TS. Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00e0o Quang, \u201cch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ecdn Caesium-137 b\u1edfi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Caesium -137 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 Iodine -131 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111o kh\u00e1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n. Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Caesium -137, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 Fukushima hay kh\u00f4ng, qua \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y t\u1ed1t hay ch\u01b0a\u201d.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c so s\u00e1nh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 Caesium-137 \u1edf ba tr\u1ea1m quan tr\u1eafc Futaba, Naraha v\u00e0 Tokai g\u1ea7n Fukushima c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 r\u01a1i l\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Caesium-137 m\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f9ng M\u1ef9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i. \u201cSau khi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y, m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 tin l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Ph\u00f2ng Th\u00e0nh, X\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf g\u1ea7n hai nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u00e0y\u201d. TS Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00e0o Quang chia s\u1ebb ni\u1ec1m vui ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n
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T\u1eebng n\u00fat th\u1eaft c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ba chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n V\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u (Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m KH&CN Vi\u1ec7t Nam) trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft WRF c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. T\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 quan nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u1ef9 (NOAA) l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, \u201cch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xung quanh khu v\u1ef1c Ph\u00f2ng Th\u00e0nh C\u1ea3ng hay X\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang, qua \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tham s\u1ed1 kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3, m\u01b0a\u2026\u201d, TS Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00e0o Quang n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n
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C\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb Ph\u00f2ng Th\u00e0nh. Anh cho bi\u1ebft \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o Ph\u00f2ng Th\u00e0nh C\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n X\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang b\u1edfi n\u1ebfu trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh. X\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang c\u00e1ch b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1edbi 200 km, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb Ph\u00f2ng Th\u00e0nh C\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Khi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i, ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n r\u00e3, pha lo\u00e3ng \u0111i. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n t\u1eeb Ph\u00f2ng Th\u00e0nh C\u1ea3ng sang Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 khi gi\u00f3 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i\u201d.<\/p>\n
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\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lan truy\u1ec1n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n theo 12 th\u00e1ng trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m c\u00f3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ef1c \u0111oan. V\u1eady s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i? \u201cKhi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lan truy\u1ec1n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc kh\u00f4 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1edbn. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 th\u00ec m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e3o, \u00e1p th\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, m\u01b0a l\u1edbn\u2026 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng gi\u00fap pha lo\u00e3ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1eadt ra c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n b\u00e3o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 xo\u00e1y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u1eef ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung r\u01a1i l\u1eafng g\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d, anh n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n
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M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi lu\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u1edf hai nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u00e0y th\u00ec sau bao l\u00e2u n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 \u1edf l\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong bao l\u00e2u? \u201cQua t\u00ednh to\u00e1n k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, sau ba ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 th\u00ec ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb Ph\u00f2ng Th\u00e0nh lan truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n t\u1eeb X\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y ti\u1ebfng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 theo c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n\u201d, TS. Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00e0o Quang tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. \u201cC\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 n\u00e0y \u1edf l\u1ea1i bao l\u00e2u tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 (gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh). V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong v\u00f2ng hai ti\u1ebfng th\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb 24 \u0111\u1ebfn 48 gi\u1edd\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/p>\n
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Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nh\u01b0 C\u1ea3ng Ph\u00f2ng Th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 X\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, d\u00f9 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i trong t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 l\u00f2 (containment), qua \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, TS. Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n
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T\u1eeb c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u1eb7ng theo thang s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1\/tai n\u1ea1n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (INES), c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 Fukushima x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Ph\u00f2ng Th\u00e0nh C\u1ea3ng th\u00ec \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 \u1edf h\u1ea7u kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc Trung b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. \u201cT\u00f9y theo nh\u1eefng k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f9ng n\u00e0o b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng A, B, C l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d, TS. Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00e0o Quang gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/p>\n
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\u0110i\u1ec3m may m\u1eafn l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t theo anh l\u00e0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1edfi \u201ct\u1eeb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng lan truy\u1ec1n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 li\u1ec1u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 tai n\u1ea1n t\u1eeb C\u1ea3ng Ph\u00f2ng Th\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c can thi\u1ec7p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 t\u00e1n, di d\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng – v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb su\u1ea5t li\u1ec1u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 r\u01a1i l\u1eafng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 I-131 v\u00e0 Cs-137 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng – \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a IAEA v\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 25\/2014\/TT-BKHCN\u201d, TS. Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00e0o Quang gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi m\u1ee9c su\u1ea5t li\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u0111i qua Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 1 \u00b5Sv\/h c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c d\u1eebng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 s\u1eefa trong khu v\u1ef1c lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed \u0111i qua cho t\u1edbi khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 trong c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p th\u00ec v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
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Nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c, quan tr\u1eafc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, anh l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1: \u201cQuan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 th\u00f4ng tin, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00f3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea3ng lo\u1ea1n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d.<\/p>\n
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T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 xa l\u1ea1. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 4\/2021, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u1ea3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 qua x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y Fukushima ra b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m x\u00f4n xao d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 d\u1ea5y l\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt: x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 qua x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 trong su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u1edf Fukushima \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Theo\u00a0Nature<\/i>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o cho th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 qua x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1edf Fukushima t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u00d4ng Jordi Vives I Batlle, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i bi\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a B\u1ec9, v\u00e0 b\u00e0 Deborah Oughton, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Trung t\u00e2m Ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Khoa h\u1ecdc S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng Na Uy, \u0111\u1ec1u cho bi\u1ebft, vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 bao g\u1ed3m cesium v\u00e0 stronti, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i triti \u2013 ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t ra li\u1ec1u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 n\u00e0o^{4<\/sup>.<\/p>\n}
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V\u1eady c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng tin ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1? C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 h\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3n Shigeyoshi Otosaka t\u1ea1i \u0110H Tokyo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 Fukushima, l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng tin khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00f3, TS. Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00e0o Quang cho r\u1eb1ng, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 minh b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3u sai v\u1ec1 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n
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Thanh Nh\u00e0n, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Tia S\u00e1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n
——<\/p>\n
1.\u00a0https:\/\/www.nrc.gov\/reading-rm\/basic-ref\/glossary\/source-term.html<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n
2.https:\/\/world-nuclear.org\/information-library\/country-profiles\/countries-a-f\/china-nuclear-power.aspx<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n
3.\u00a0 https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0265931X19304473#!<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n
4.\u00a0 https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-021-01225-2<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n
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Vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5p th\u1ecfm lo \u00e2u v\u1ec1 nguy c\u01a1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1? D\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 l\u01a1 l\u1eedng \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng b\u0103n kho\u0103n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n: n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u00ec […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7767,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7766","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tong-hop"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7766","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7766"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7766\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7766"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7766"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7766"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}