Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u00e1, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc… V\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ‘\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m’, ‘kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng’ c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, chuy\u00ean gia, nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc, ng\u00e0y 27\/7\/2021, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Khoa h\u1ecdc T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb\u00a0\u1ee6y ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i cho ph\u00e9p ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb\u00a0Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 xem x\u00e9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o Quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n VIII, gi\u1eef ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb Ban KTTW, B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc trong H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u1ee6y ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 xem x\u00e9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh Quy ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n I. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 xu th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c mang t\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh t\u1eeb ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2<\/sub>\u00a0\u0111ang v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u00e2y n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ef1c \u0111oan ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, t\u1eeb b\u00e3o t\u1ed1, l\u0169 l\u1ee5t, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eafng n\u00f3ng, h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n, b\u0103ng tan nhanh, h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i b\u1ecb hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u; H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu n\u0103m 2015 (COP21) \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi 2o<\/sup>C v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 hai: S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i \u0111ang l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m cho d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u2026 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 ba: Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, trong \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ee7y n\u0103ng, d\u1ea7u, kh\u00ed, than \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1eafp c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t. Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng, l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, c\u00e1c xu th\u1ebf n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 1\/ Gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi ng\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng than trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 2\/ Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o (h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, tr\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng, ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, m\u1ea5t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch canh t\u00e1c).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 3\/ Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh thay th\u1ebf cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 4\/ Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n sang c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 10 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, ngay c\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t cao nh\u01b0 M\u1ef9, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u0110\u1ee9c… v\u00ec l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu tin t\u01b0\u1edfng sau s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 Fukushima, m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u00fac ch\u00f9ng xu\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u00fac \u00e9p x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu trong c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn Paris, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 tin c\u1eady ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 an to\u00e0n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, M\u1ef9, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf (ho\u1eb7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1eebng) vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n than. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng CO2<\/sub>\u00a0\u0111ang h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 s\u1eafp t\u1edbi thu\u1ebf carbon s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia, vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o (\u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi) v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 xu th\u1ebf ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n II. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua v\u1eabn t\u0103ng nhanh, kho\u1ea3ng 9 – 10%\/n\u0103m. N\u0103m 2020, t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n 69.300 MW, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t 247 t\u1ef7 kWh, v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea9m 214,3 t\u1ef7 kWh; tuy t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 (\u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t 25% t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 4,7% to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 2.232 kWh, th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (kho\u1ea3ng 3.100 kWh), ch\u1ec9 1\/3 m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 1\/6 m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 M\u1ef9, Canada, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Thu\u1ef5 \u0110i\u1ec3n\u2026 Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m t\u1edbi 2021 – 2030 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn \u1edf m\u1ee9c 8,5% \u0111\u1ebfn 9,4% h\u00e0ng n\u0103m theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n cao; c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2031 – 2040 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 4,7%\/n\u0103m v\u00e0 5,8%\/n\u0103m.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng c\u00f2n \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Trong 30 n\u0103m qua Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n; khai th\u00e1c than kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n than hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u than \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng. Theo xu th\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n than do ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111ang ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay, tuy nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00ean \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n; kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n trung t\u00e2m ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i, chi\u1ebfm nhi\u1ec1u di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n t\u00edch canh t\u00e1c, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng, khu v\u1ef1c bi\u1ec3n, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i sau n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n x\u1eed l\u00fd… \u0110i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn giao th\u00f4ng thu\u1ef7, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1… v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, an ninh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u0103ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u1ea1o \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, tuy nhi\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang t\u00edch tr\u1eef l\u1ea1i, ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec9nh khi nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i cao.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n nay, n\u1ebfu h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0103ng nhanh, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n III. \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0110\u1ebfn nay, \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c1). Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 443 l\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t kho\u1ea3ng 394.000 MWe. C\u00f3 52 l\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i 12 l\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o trong c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 22 – 24% v\u00e0 20 – 22% (Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 2018 c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n). Hoa K\u1ef3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng an to\u00e0n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng (AP1000\u2026), v\u00e0 l\u00f2 m\u00f4 \u0111un nh\u1ecf (SMR) s\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Li\u00ean bang Nga ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00f2 VVER th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 III+ (AES2006), v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00e1c l\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n sang nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Belarus, Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, Bangladesh, Hungary, Ph\u1ea7n Lan\u2026). Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng, \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh 51 l\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ebfn 2030 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 100 l\u00f2, \u0111\u1ebfn 2050 s\u1ebd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u01a1n 270 l\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eb7ng (PHWR) v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 Nga, M\u1ef9. Ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n cao, b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1eef ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, chi\u1ebfm \u00edt di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u00edt ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n nay. Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p 50% s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch. Theo cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon v\u1ec1 zero v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2060 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1ef9 – b\u00e0 Jennifer Granholm g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cT\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Biden cam k\u1ebft m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch \u0111ang c\u00f3\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u201ckh\u00f4ng carbon\u201d trong c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n V\u1eady nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o s\u1ebd ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi?<\/p>\n <\/p>\n IV. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Trong c\u00e1c l\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p l\u1ef1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 II, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u an to\u00e0n kh\u1eaft khe h\u1eadu Fukushima. Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong kho\u1ea3ng 20 n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 III v\u00e0 III+ l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u an to\u00e0n m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 l\u00f2 III+ (VVER-1200, AP1000, EPR1600, APR1400, HPR-1000, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hua Long 1, ACR700…) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00eam c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u01a1 t\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n khu v\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n C\u00e1c l\u00f2 \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hi\u1ec7n nay thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i l\u00f2 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 III+. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 (LWR), ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 trong g\u1ea7n 70 n\u0103m qua, thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u1eb7ng x\u1ea3y ra g\u00e2y h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong 40 – 50 n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n M\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 l\u00f2 m\u00f4 \u0111un nh\u1ecf (SMR), c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi 300 MWe, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t (l\u00e0m m\u00e1t) l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng. SMR c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n cao h\u01a1n, tuy nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n th\u00eam th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai, ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00f2 SMR s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u k\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan. D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 SMR s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn sau 30 – 40 n\u0103m n\u1eefa (SMR d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai s\u1edbm h\u01a1n).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n V. T\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Hi\u1ec7n nay, do c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1eaft khe v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n n\u00ean su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n cao. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, do c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i cao (g\u1ea7n 90%), th\u1eddi gian v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i (60 n\u0103m, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gia h\u1ea1n l\u00ean 80 n\u0103m); n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh cho c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n than nh\u1eadp, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng. T\u1ea1i H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Belarus, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1eabn r\u1ebb v\u00e0 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n VI. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y KHCN v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong 70 n\u0103m qua \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc. Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 Anh, Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Trung Qu\u1ed1c… l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ee9t ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim… c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, khoa h\u1ecdc qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p quy li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc, k\u00e8m theo \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng an ninh, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n 100 tri\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n VII. S\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1eeb sau 1996, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ti\u1ec1n kh\u1ea3 thi (Pre-FS) – n\u0103m 2002 v\u00e0 n\u0103m 2009, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 2 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i Ninh Thu\u1eadn. Li\u00ean bang Nga v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 hai \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n 2 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2010 – 2016. T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0110i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam (EVN) \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00eau t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m: C\u00f3 8 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy ho\u1ea1ch (Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 906\/Q\u0110-TTg ng\u00e0y 17\/6\/2010). \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Dinh v\u00e0 V\u0129nh H\u1ea3i (Ninh Thu\u1eadn) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n Nga v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, v\u1edbi kinh ph\u00ed m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean 30 tri\u1ec7u USD. Hai \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 hai: V\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n, trong h\u01a1n 20 n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, Vi\u1ec7n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam (VINATOM) \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch an to\u00e0n. L\u00f2 VVER1200 c\u1ee7a Nga, AP1000 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ef9 (cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Ninh Thu\u1eadn). C\u00e1c l\u00f2 n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 ba: V\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p quy h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 Lu\u1eadt N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed (2008), \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p quy h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0: V\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c: H\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (\u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u1eddi Li\u00ean X\u00f4; \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i Nga, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c theo \u0110\u1ec1 \u00e1n 1558). Trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf 8 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb 2010. Ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m, ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, th\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u0111ang c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n nay s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m: V\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf: Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 quan N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IAEA). H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Nga v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c \u201cChi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n\u201d c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u: V\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed kinh t\u1ebf, theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n VIII, trong 11 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1eb1m trong 3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n VIII. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n than, vi\u1ec7c quy ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n do thi\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, c\u00f9ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111ang l\u00e0 xu th\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh\u2026 Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u00ednh tr\u00ecnh U\u1ef7 ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y v\u00e0 xin ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n M\u1ed9t l\u00e0:<\/strong>\u00a0\u1ee6y ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i cho ph\u00e9p th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Hai l\u00e0:<\/strong>\u00a0Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 xem x\u00e9t gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i 02 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u1ea1i Ninh Thu\u1eadn cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Dinh v\u00e0 V\u0129nh H\u1ea3i).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ba l\u00e0:<\/strong>\u00a0C\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o Quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n VIII v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho vi\u1ec7c quay l\u1ea1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau n\u0103m 2030) v\u00e0 gi\u1eef ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m qua.\/.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ed2NG KHOA H\u1eccC T\u1ea0P CH\u00cd N\u0102NG L\u01af\u1ee2NG VI\u1ec6T NAM<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n [1]<\/strong>\u00a0Scott Spillas v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, \u201cN\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o: C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng\u201d, Website Vi\u1ec7n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam (VINATOM), 03\/11\/2020 (d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nature).<\/p>\n https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/nang-luong-tai-tao-cac-muc-tieu-huong-toi-co-the-lam-suy-yeu-tinh-ben-vung\/<\/a><\/p>\n [2]\u00a0<\/strong>B\u00f9i Huy Ph\u00f9ng, \u201c\u0110i\u1ec7n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n – hai ngu\u1ed3n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, 04\/02\/2020.<\/p>\n http:\/\/nangluongvietnam.vn\/news\/vn\/nhan-dinh-phan-bien-kien-nghi\/dien-tai-tao-va-dien-hat-nhan-hai-nguon-chien-luoc-cua-viet-nam.html?utm_source=zalo&utm_medium=zalo&utm_campaign=zalo&zarsrc=30&fbclid=IwAR1-PbWMV00BA71sHX1SoNIihe__M4KL5u2W6cvjHCE2wj8P_7FX44PxzVQ#%23<\/a><\/p>\n [3]\u00a0<\/strong>Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 12g\/1kWh, \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 12g\/1kWh, \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi 48g\/1kWh, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed 490g\/1kWh, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n than l\u00e0 820g\/1kWh.<\/p>\n [4]\u00a0<\/strong>Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ea1nh Hi\u1ebfn, \u201c\u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon th\u1ea5p tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi\u201d, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, 17\/06\/2021.<\/p>\n http:\/\/nangluongvietnam.vn\/news\/vn\/nhan-dinh-phan-bien-kien-nghi\/nhan-dinh-du-bao\/dien-hat-nhan-nguon-nang-luong-carbon-thap-tuyet-voi.html<\/a><\/p>\n [5]\u00a0<\/strong>B\u00f9i Huy Ph\u00f9ng, \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n\u201d, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ng\u00e0y 22\/06\/2021.<\/p>\n
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