![\"\"](\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/04.8.21.2.jpg\")
\u1ea2nh – www.freepik.com<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi (PV) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u1eed c\u00e1c-bon l\u1edbn tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng. Song, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin v\u00e0 ch\u1edd m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m PV do \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang k\u1ebft th\u00fac, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Theo Renenergy Hub – nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c-bon, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng, niken, amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride v\u00e0 copper indium gallium selenideone. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc chi\u1ebft t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Polysilicon – m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb th\u1ea1ch anh – s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c sau khi sa th\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec1n n\u00e1t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o. Lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung trong l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn khi ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfi polysilicon g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tinh khi\u1ebft. Sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00e1t m\u1ecfng polysilicon b\u1eb1ng c\u01b0a kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng, r\u1ed3i c\u1eaft th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng, t\u1ea1o ra pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, bi\u1ebfn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Polysilicon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia do thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1ea3 th\u1ea3i silic tetraclorua – s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn polysilicon. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i silicon tetraclorua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. <\/p>\n Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y, r\u1ea5t \u00edt qu\u1ed1c gia c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. T\u1ea1i EU, lu\u1eadt R\u00e1c th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (WEEE) quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u00edch h\u1ee3p; tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed sang c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. <\/p>\n R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ng\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n song h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ec1 ra c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f3 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 l\u1eddi khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i. Ngo\u00e0i cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f2n mang t\u00ednh \u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3i nh\u00e0. C\u00e1c tuabin c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n s\u1ebd t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 trang tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi 3,3 tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn trong 5 n\u0103m t\u1edbi (theo H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f3 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u GWEC). T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n C\u1ed9t tuabin gi\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i cao h\u01a1n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac xung quanh g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn gi\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ef9 quan m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Khi c\u00e1nh gi\u00f3 quay s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00f3ng, g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i m\u1eaft, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c d\u00e2n c\u01b0 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa trong ph\u1ea1m vi 130 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc hay t\u00e2y b\u1eafc so v\u1edbi tuabin, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n g\u00e2y \u1ed3n \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n y\u00ean t\u0129nh.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u00e1c tuabin gi\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u1ea5n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u – th\u00e9p, b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh, \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 neodymium v\u00e0 dysprosi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nam ch\u00e2m v\u0129nh c\u1eedu. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i ra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed c\u00e1c-bon m\u00e0 v\u1ed1n d\u0129 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Tuy v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc xoay quanh c\u00e1c tuabin gi\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ba v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean Na Uy \u1edf Trondheim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Ecology and Evolution, c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim v\u00e0 d\u01a1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 g\u1eb7p r\u1ee7i ro khi c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh tua-bin chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00e1nh xa m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a chim \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n V\u1ec1 c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i bi\u1ec3n. DW.com lo ng\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 m\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1 \u0111u\u1ed1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 s\u0103n t\u00ecm th\u1ee9c \u0103n; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00f3 ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Nh\u00e0 sinh th\u00e1i bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n Victoria Todd tin r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng xung \u00e2m thanh l\u1edbn trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa t\u1eadn 12,5 d\u1eb7m. B\u00e0 Todd cho bi\u1ebft, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 v\u00fa ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 6 tu\u1ea7n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang s\u1ebd quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i sau khi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3, d\u00f9 trong hay ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i, ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u1eed c\u00e1c-bon c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Theo B\u1ed9 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1ef9, \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n 1.000MW \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u1edf M\u1ef9 c\u1ea7n h\u01a1n 1 d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. V\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng do ng\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1o ra trong 60 n\u0103m qua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m g\u1ecdn trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 10 th\u01b0\u1edbc!.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c. B\u00e0i to\u00e1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng may l\u1ea1i k\u00e9o theo r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Trong khi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00f4n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t, th\u00ec h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u l\u00edt ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i l\u1ecfng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u0169 k\u0129 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Tin t\u1ee9c H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc & K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, C&EN do Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cho bi\u1ebft, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i cho b\u00e0i to\u00e1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong l\u00fac ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u00edch t\u1ee5 \u1edf ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3\u2014 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t \u00edt ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1ch ly ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, g\u1ea7n Carslbad, New Mexico, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i si\u00eau urani (TRU) hay TRU \u1edf d\u1ea1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Th\u1ee7y tinh h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c, tr\u1ed9n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i v\u1edbi th\u1ee7y tinh l\u1ecfng, l\u00e0m tan ch\u1ea3y c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111un n\u00f3ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p l\u00ean tr\u00ean 1.000\u00b0C, \u0111\u1ed5 th\u1ee7y tinh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a, \u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed9i cho \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i trong ma tr\u1eadn th\u1ee7y tinh. Nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Rutgers, Ashutosh Goel, cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y tinh h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 v\u1ebb t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/em>\u201d. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u1ea1i Hanford \u1edf h\u1ea1t Benton thu\u1ed9c bang Washington, M\u1ef9, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi tr\u1ed9n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong k\u00ednh borosilicat v\u00e0 b\u1ecdc k\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho hay, sau 1000 n\u0103m, c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng th\u00e9p bao quanh k\u00ednh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gia t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00f2n gi\u1eefa b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e9p v\u00e0 k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n C\u00f3 l\u1ebd, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u201cFukushima” \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u1ebft h\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro xoay quanh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. Hi\u1ec7n nay, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng 1,25 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eed ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Fukushima s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01a1m ra \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh kh\u1ed1i b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean ph\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 Sinh kh\u1ed1i – ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u00e0nh t\u00ednh, th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n sinh kh\u1ed1i tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thu gom, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u0169ng g\u00e2y ra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c-bon nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn sinh kh\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t r\u1eebng theo th\u1eddi gian, do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty ch\u1eb7t ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n sinh kh\u1ed1i. Theo energysage.com, \u201cph\u00e1t quang th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u1ed9t s\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng xung quanh v\u1ed1n c\u1ea7n sinh kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n<\/em>\u201d. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c xo\u00e1 s\u1ed5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 chim.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ea5y m\u00f9a v\u1ee5 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sinh kh\u1ed1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u201cc\u00fa \u0111\u1ea5m th\u00e9p\u201d v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u00e2y ra h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, do v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e2y l\u00e0m l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i th\u00ec sao? C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 CO2<\/sub>, NO v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y ra m\u00f9i kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi m\u00f9i c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 (t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng) m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1edd th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u01a1 khai, v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tay m\u01a1 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. <\/p>\n Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u2018H\u2019, tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xanh, hydro c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng to l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed c\u00e1c-bon c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c-bon li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hydro ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hydro.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hydro v\u1eabn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy m\u00f4 hydro s\u1ea1ch. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 ba ngu\u1ed3n hydro ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean – Khi metan trong kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh CO v\u00e0 hydro. Sau \u0111\u00f3, CO c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00ed n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hydro.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n D\u1ea7u – m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u1eb7ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh hydro nh\u1edd qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ec3 oxy h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u, do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00ed t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n hydro. <\/p>\n N\u1ebfu kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o hydro b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t (qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 thu gi\u1eef v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef carbon, ho\u1eb7c CCS), nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hydro xanh, mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u00f3a than ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o m\u00eatan b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hydro xanh, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, m\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn hydro tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch hydro ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1edfi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hydro xanh.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Theo \u00f4ng Carlo Zorzoli c\u1ee7a Enel Green Power, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hydro ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 \u201ck\u1ebb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t kh\u00ed h\u1eadu\u201d. \u00d4ng cho bi\u1ebft \u201c98% trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u00f3a, t\u1ea1o ra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u00e1cbon h\u00e0ng n\u0103m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Indonesia v\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ec9 2% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u201cHi\u1ec7n nay, hydro kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 s\u1ea1ch. 98% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Ch\u1ec9 2% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n. Hydro ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed c\u00e1c-bon: hydro l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i to\u00e1n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i hydro m\u00e0u x\u00e1m sang m\u00e0u xanh<\/em>.”<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hydro c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u1eed c\u00e1c-bon nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u00f4m \u1ea5p hy v\u1ecdng. <\/p>\n Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch: Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Thu Trang, Ban KH&QLKH<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Khi c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua theo h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i quay l\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng hay kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7826,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7825","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tong-hop"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7825","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7825"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7825\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7825"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7825"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7825"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nV\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng? Theo t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Wired c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050, C\u01a1 quan N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u00e1i t\u1ea1o Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 78 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi h\u1ebft tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m t\u1ea1o ra kho\u1ea3ng 6 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i m\u1edbi. C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 ch\u00ec, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 trong c\u00e1c b\u00e3i ch\u00f4n l\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n
\nV\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i\u2026 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gia c\u1ea7m ch\u1ebft ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. V\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch (utility-scale<\/em>), c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Hoa K\u1ef3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft g\u1ea7n 140.000 con chim h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i do c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n
\n\u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng hai nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y lo ng\u1ea1i: ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 rung, v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i bi\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u0103m 2010 do Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u, trong \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, bao g\u1ed3m \u201cs\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng\u201d, \u201cph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d (EMF) \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u201ct\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u01a1n, ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd, ch\u1ec9 th\u1eddi gian m\u1edbi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i bi\u1ec3n.
\nN\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hydro b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n
\nThan – c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh kh\u00ed, v\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y th\u00e0nh hydro v\u00e0 CO.<\/p>\n
\nTh\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 hai m\u1eb7t. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng khi \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u1ea9n ho\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 mai sau. Tin t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, \u01b0u ti\u00ean n\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c-bon tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/strong>. T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng, g\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 v\u00e0i tr\u0103m t\u1ea5m pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111ang ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng tia n\u1eafng v\u00e0o m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n