{"id":7960,"date":"2021-09-16T16:06:49","date_gmt":"2021-09-16T09:06:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/?p=7960"},"modified":"2021-09-16T16:06:49","modified_gmt":"2021-09-16T09:06:49","slug":"ky-thuat-hat-nhan-va-tang-cuong-phuong-phap-quan-ly-giup-giam-thieu-o-nhiem-o-song-nhue-cua-viet-nam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/ky-thuat-hat-nhan-va-tang-cuong-phuong-phap-quan-ly-giup-giam-thieu-o-nhiem-o-song-nhue-cua-viet-nam\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u1edf s\u00f4ng Nhu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Nhu\u1ec7, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3o \u1edf con s\u00f4ng n\u00e0y, \u0111e d\u1ecda ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sinh k\u1ebf nhai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1edd \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u nit\u01a1, ph\u1ed1t pho v\u00e0 \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng d\u00e0i 70 d\u1eb7m. S\u00f4ng Nhu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con s\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf \u1edf mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea3y qua th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Hi\u1ec7n nay, s\u00f4ng Nhu\u1ec7 \u0111ang b\u1ecb b\u1ed3i l\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng do n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng trong l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

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N\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf s\u00f4ng Nhu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Oxy h\u00f2a tan r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn con s\u00f4ng n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh con “s\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft” v\u00ec t\u00f4m c\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t, tr\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1y b\u00f9n n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00fac s\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec b\u00e3i r\u00e1c l\u1ed9 thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

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S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ea3o t\u1ea1i S\u00f4ng Nhu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00fa d\u01b0\u1ee1ng – \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1, du l\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t m\u00f9a, \u0111e d\u1ecda an sinh v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebf sinh nhai c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng trong khu v\u1ef1c l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (INST) \u2013 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam (VINATOM) v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n Th\u1ed5 nh\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00f4ng h\u00f3a (SFRI) \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb b\u1ec1n N) trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n v\u00e0o N trong n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng Nhu\u1ec7. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u01a1 quan N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IAEA) ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c N\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c (FAO) h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

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Theo Joseph Adu-Gyamfi, Chuy\u00ean gia Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0110\u1ea5t v\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n t\u1ea1i Trung t\u00e2m H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c FAO\/IAEA v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n cho N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cC\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ea5u \u201cv\u00e2n tay<\/strong><\/em>\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ph\u1ed1t pho v\u00e0 nit\u01a1. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang\u201d.<\/p>\n

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$\"\"$ Ph\u00e2n N-P-K khi b\u00f3n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn cho l\u00faa m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng sau khi tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00fa d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ee7y v\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn. <\/em><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n \u1ea3nh: Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/em><\/p>\n

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B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh s\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 ao \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng Nhu\u1ec7, n\u01a1i tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau v\u00e0 hoa m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i d\u00f2ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m (xem S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/a>) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t d\u01b0 th\u1eeba \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh s\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 ao r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea3y ra s\u00f4ng Nhu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

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D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb nit\u01a1, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng qua v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n ch\u1ea3y tr\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 ph\u00fa d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

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Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2011, Vi\u1ec7n N\u00f4ng h\u00f3a th\u1ed5 nh\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho 500 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Anh \u0110\u1ed7 Tr\u1ecdng Th\u1eafng, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tham gia kh\u00f3a t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n n\u00e0y cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cB\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng r\u1ea5t l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a, do b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 70% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ecb tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i ru\u1ed9ng do bay h\u01a1i, r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea3y tr\u00e0n\u201d. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ur\u00ea (ph\u00e2n N) b\u00f3n cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng trong khu v\u1ef1c, t\u1eeb 75.130 t\u1ea5n xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 34.560 t\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

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Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0110\u1eb7ng \u0110\u1ee9c Nh\u1eadn, chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cSuy tho\u00e1i ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, v\u00ec \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u01b0\u1edbc do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed5 ra s\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn khi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tham gia v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y h\u01a1n\u201d.<\/p>\n

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S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Khi s\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 s\u00f4ng, l\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c ao h\u1ed3 th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u. \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb b\u1ec1n, l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u nh\u1edd c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u201cth\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em>\u201d nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 kh\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

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Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch: Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Thu H\u00e0, Ban K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd khoa h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"