{"id":8662,"date":"2022-01-05T09:45:04","date_gmt":"2022-01-05T02:45:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/?p=8662"},"modified":"2022-01-05T09:45:04","modified_gmt":"2022-01-05T02:45:04","slug":"ket-qua-nghien-cuu-hien-tuong-no-hoi-phan-tang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/ket-qua-nghien-cuu-hien-tuong-no-hoi-phan-tang\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5 h\u01a1i ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<div class=\"wc-shortcodes-box wc-shortcodes-item wc-shortcodes-content wc-shortcodes-clearfix wc-shortcodes-box-inverse \" style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\">Lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129:<strong> \u201cNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5 h\u01a1i ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n:<strong> L\u00ea Tr\u1ea7n Chung<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\">Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh Chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u00e1o d\u1ee1<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn: Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 Khoa h\u1ecdc V\u1eadt l\u00fd \u2013 To\u00e1n, Melikhov Oleg Igorievich<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\">Khoa Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\">\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Moscow \u2013 LB Nga<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>\u0110\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5 h\u01a1i ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y (n\u01b0\u1edbc) v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t (freon) \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 h\u01a1i y\u1ebfu v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ea5p. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi Harlow v\u00e0 Rappel (1981), theo \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a h\u1ed5n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lan truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng k\u00edch n\u1ed5, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00f3ng xung k\u00edch di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 t\u1edbi v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng pha tr\u1ed9n th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 y\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed5 h\u01a1i l\u00ean l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 h\u01a1i ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Ho\u00e0ng gia \u1edf Stockholm (KTH) v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2010, \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 h\u01a1i m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i cao, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf tr\u1ed9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n KTH \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eadt c\u00e1c gi\u1ecdt ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y g\u00e2y b\u1edfi c\u00e1c tia n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bong b\u00f3ng h\u01a1i g\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. Lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ee7a NCS L\u00ea Tr\u1ea7n Chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><em>Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 1D: <\/em><\/strong>Lu\u1eadn \u00e1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i t\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng h\u01a1i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t trong ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc h\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho h\u01a1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c h\u01a1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i; ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng bao quanh bong b\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t. Do t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e9n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c <em>w<sub>a<\/sub><\/em> c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bong b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh bong b\u00f3ng <em>a, <\/em>v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bong b\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Rayleigh-Plesset, theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00e1p su\u1ea5t h\u01a1i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bong b\u00f3ng <em>P<sub>a<\/sub><\/em> v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u1edf xa bong b\u00f3ng <em>P<sub>0<\/sub><\/em>. Tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bong b\u00f3ng (m\u1eb7t ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch), x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 h\u01a1i, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb ph\u00eda ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ph\u00eda h\u01a1i. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 sai ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n t\u00e1m \u1ea9n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1ng phi tuy\u1ebfn. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng h\u01a1i b\u00e3o h\u00f2a trong ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t. Trong h\u00ecnh.1 cho th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bong b\u00f3ng c\u00f3 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 3,66 mm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 12,2 K, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 1 bar. S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a b\u00e1n k\u00ednh bong b\u00f3ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian, sai l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 12%. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3y ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8663\" src=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/05.1.22.1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"904\" height=\"495\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng h\u01a1i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a KTH: \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i P<sub>0<\/sub> = 1 bar, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc ban \u0111\u1ea7u T<sub>0<\/sub> = 75<sup>\u043e<\/sup>\u0421 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh 25<sup>o<\/sup>C), m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 0 K(h\u01a1i b\u00e3o h\u00f2a) \u0111\u1ebfn 650 K. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 0,675 &#8211; 3,0 cm. Ranh gi\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Rayleigh-Taylor ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, ranh gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bong b\u00f3ng quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1 cho th\u1ea5y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t h\u01a1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 bong b\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Trong h\u00ecnh.2 ta th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a b\u00e1n k\u00ednh bong b\u00f3ng theo th\u1eddi gian n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng h\u01a1i b\u00e3o h\u00f2a, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 hai &#8211; s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng t\u1ea1o l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng. Bong b\u00f3ng t\u1ea1o l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00e3o h\u00f2a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, khi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00f4i. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t h\u01a1i trong l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1eb1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00e3o h\u00f2a. Khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, c\u00e1c bong b\u00f3ng n\u00e0y nhanh ch\u00f3ng x\u1eb9p xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 h\u01a1i. S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Rayleigh-Plesset, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t h\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00e3o h\u00f2a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. S\u1ef1 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng h\u01a1i b\u00e3o h\u00f2a x\u1ea3y ra, khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t h\u01a1i trong bong b\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. Do \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng h\u01a1i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 hai ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n: 1) v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i, n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng h\u01a1i b\u00e3o h\u00f2a, 2) v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111i v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng t\u1ea1o l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng h\u01a1i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng t\u1ea1o l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 bong b\u00f3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ra kh\u1ecfi bong b\u00f3ng do ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t h\u01a1i trong bong b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00e3o h\u00f2a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 ra trong H\u00ecnh.3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng trong v\u00f2ng 0,1 ms, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong bong b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00e3o h\u00f2a, v\u00e0 doquas tr\u00ecnh x\u1eb9p xu\u1ed1ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng th\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi bong b\u00f3ng x\u1eb9p xu\u1ed1ng, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong bong b\u00f3ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean do h\u01a1i b\u1ecb n\u00e9n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m sau \u0111\u00f3 do s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8664\" src=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/05.1.22.2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"902\" height=\"718\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">M\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00f3ng hi\u1ebfm trong bong b\u00f3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong bong b\u00f3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, H\u00ecnh 4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">S\u00f3ng hi\u1ebfm trong bong b\u00f3ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t b\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e9n c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Trong H\u00ecnh 5 cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u0103ng l\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9t n\u00e9t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bong b\u00f3ng t\u1ea1o l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bong b\u00f3ng t\u1ea1o l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng. C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e1n k\u00ednh bong b\u00f3ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><em>Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh 2D<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eb9p bong b\u00f3ng h\u01a1i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t g\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc: bong b\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t khoang c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng bao quanh n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong H\u00ecnh.6 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng tr\u1ee5c, tr\u1ee5c h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 \u0111i qua t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng. D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u0103ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Laplace (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c) v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Bernoulli (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng). Khi bong b\u00f3ng \u1edf xa, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng; th\u1ebf v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 t\u00f9y \u00fd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng. \u1ede m\u1eb7t ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u01a1i \u2013 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng b\u1eb1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t h\u01a1i; V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed bi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8665\" src=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/05.1.22.3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"543\" height=\"479\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Green, b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat g\u1ecdn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00edch ph\u00e2n cho th\u1ebf v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00e0m ph\u00e1p tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bong b\u00f3ng. V\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 so v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Bi\u00ean bong b\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh cho th\u1ebf v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00e0m ph\u00e1p tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ea1i bi\u00ean bong b\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Gauss. Sau \u0111\u00f3, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Euler \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c \u1ea9n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00e9o gi\u1eefa k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c, cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. Trong H\u00ecnh.7 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng so v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Trong c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp theo, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m KTH (P<sub>0<\/sub> =10<sup>5<\/sup> Pa, P<sub>v<\/sub> = P<sub>sat<\/sub>(T<sub>0<\/sub>) = 0.38.10<sup>5<\/sup> Pa, kg\/m<sup>3<\/sup>),v\u1edbi b\u00e1n k\u00ednh bong b\u00f3ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 mm.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8666\" src=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/05.1.22.4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1044\" height=\"390\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Theo H\u00ecnh 7a, t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m bong b\u00f3ng so v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, bong b\u00f3ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eabn c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd trong H\u00ecnh 7b, c, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng d\u1ecdc theo tr\u1ee5c th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2m th\u1ef1c, khi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00edch t\u1ee5, khi bong b\u00f3ng s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1eafn va v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra x\u00f3i m\u00f2n. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edch ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (\u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Kelvin), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00edch ph\u00e2n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bong b\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd, trong khu v\u1ef1c ngay ph\u00eda tr\u00ean bong b\u00f3ng s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 g\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, h\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng. Trong h\u00ecnh.8 cho th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee9 nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a tia n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Kelvin \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m bong b\u00f3ng x\u1eb9p xu\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng t\u1eeb b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a chi\u1ec1u cao bong b\u00f3ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u0103ng theo chi\u1ec1u cao bong b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Kelvin gi\u1ea3m. S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9 cao ban \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m, v\u00ec d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Kelvin gi\u1ea3m khi chi\u1ec1u cao bong b\u00f3ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 do t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1eafn gi\u1ea3m khi bong b\u00f3ng x\u1eb9p \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Kelvin cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eb9p xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng g\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1ee1 ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y do s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 bong b\u00f3ng g\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng xung l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y (xung l\u1ef1c Kelvin) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1y b\u1eadt l\u00ean tr\u00ean. Chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng ra kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n c\u01a1 n\u0103ng, b\u1ecf qua t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t ma s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8667\" src=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/05.11.22.6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1053\" height=\"429\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa b\u00e1n k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u1ecdt tan ch\u1ea3y, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng t\u1eeb n\u01a1i ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng ra c\u1ee7a gi\u1ecdt ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb H\u00ecnh. 8, khi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y thay \u0111\u1ed5i, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Kelvin \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi bong b\u00f3ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, khi = 1. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, khi v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a chi\u1ec1u cao b\u1eafn ra c\u1ee7a gi\u1ecdt ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u01a1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong H\u00ecnh.9. Theo \u0111\u00f3, khi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a gi\u1ecdt ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y theo h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, th\u00ec sau khi s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, gi\u1ecdt ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 3 cm, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc xung quanh. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bong b\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t bong b\u00f3ng h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><em>\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 h\u01a1i ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t Hugoniot<\/em><\/strong>: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 x\u1ea3y ra d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng k\u00edch n\u1ed5, trong v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t d\u1eef d\u1ed9i t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y sang ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, trong khi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u pha v\u1eabn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng trong m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng Chapman-Jouguet, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t Hugoniot, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed5 sung, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng Chapman-Jouguet: \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng tham gia t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh k\u00edch n\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t (m\u00e0 ta coi nh\u01b0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ban \u0111\u1ea7u) lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 gi\u1eefa th\u1ec3 t\u00edch b\u1ecb h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc), v\u00ec b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5 sau khi ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh do n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. V\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tham s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00e1p su\u1ea5t n\u1ed5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng Chapman-Jouguet. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t n\u1ed5 trong m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng Chapman-Jouguet gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c truy\u1ec1n s\u00f3ng n\u1ed5 (b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Rayleigh) c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1ecdt ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong v\u00f9ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 (m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng Chapman-Jouguet) t\u0103ng l\u00ean, v\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng k\u00edch n\u1ed5 c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch E6, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i KTH, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong v\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i (t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e3n n\u1edf c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn \u00e1n, c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tham s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau, trong khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng Chapman-Jouguet v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8668 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/05.11.22.7-300x60.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"60\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Trong h\u00ecnh.10, hai v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1c ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8669 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/05.11.22.8-300x75.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"75\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y 1,52-1,9 kg \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 2,85 kg \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 1,05-1,47 kg \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 1,68 kg \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng th\u1ee9 hai. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng code MC3D trong Leskovar, 2016.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i t\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 h\u01a1i ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i m\u1eb7t ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 bong b\u00f3ng h\u01a1i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t.<\/li>\n<li>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng h\u01a1i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 do h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng s\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng &#8220;ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y &#8211; n\u01b0\u1edbc&#8221; ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng, m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady g\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t tia n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. S\u1ef1 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i giao di\u1ec7n \u201cch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y &#8211; n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u1edf d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/li>\n<li>Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 (v\u00e0i tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ed9 Kelvin) t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, do \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong bong b\u00f3ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 trong bong b\u00f3ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 bong b\u00f3ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong bong b\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00e3o h\u00f2a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc xung quanh (bong b\u00f3ng t\u1ea1o l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng).<\/li>\n<li>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tia n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eb9p bong b\u00f3ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed bi\u00ean, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng tia n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c tia n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 b\u1eafn tung t\u00f3e v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u cao \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh.<\/li>\n<li>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 h\u01a1i ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t Hugoniot, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn: s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tham s\u1ed1 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t trong v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed9n ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t gi\u00fap c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tham gia v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh n\u00e0y tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, c<\/strong><strong>\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/strong><strong> li\u00ean quan<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li>Iskhakov A.S., Melikhov V.I., Melikhov O.I., Yakush S.E., Le Tran Chung. Hugoniot analysis of experimental data on steam explosion in stratified melt-coolant configuration \/\/ Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2019, Vol. 347, P. 151-157. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nucengdes.2019.04.004\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nucengdes.2019.04.004<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Melikhov V.I., Melikhov O.I., Yakush S.E. and Le T.C. Evaluation of energy and impulse generated by superheated steam bubble collapse in subcooled water \/\/ Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2020, Vol. 366, 110753. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10\/1016\/j.nucengdes.2020.110753\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10\/1016\/j.nucengdes.2020.110753<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Le T. Chung, Melikhov V.I., Melikhov O.I. and Yakush S.E. Collapse of a hot vapor bubble in subcooled liquid \/\/ Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2020 <strong>1652<\/strong> (2020) 012018 doi:10.1088\/1742-6596\/1652\/1\/012018.<\/li>\n<li>Le T. C., Melikhov V.I., Melikhov O.I. and Yakush S.E. Impact effects due to hot vapor bubble collapse in subcooled liquid \/\/ Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2020 <strong>1652<\/strong> (2020) 012019 doi:10.1088\/1742-6596\/1652\/1\/012019.<\/li>\n<li>Le Tran Chung, Melikhov V.I., Melikhov O.I. and Yakush S.E. Evaluation of the dynamical characteristics of fluid flow caused by collapse of a non-spherical near-surface bubble \/\/ Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2020 <strong>1683<\/strong> (2020) 022070. doi: 10.1088\/1742-6596\/1683\/2\/022070.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7:<\/strong> L\u00ea Tr\u1ea7n Chung, V. I. Melikhov, O. I. Melikhov. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ed5 h\u01a1i ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng \/\/ Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 2019666871 ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2019<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb: <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li>Iskhakov A.Sh., Melikhov V.I., Melikhov OI, Yakush S.E., Le Tran Chung. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 h\u01a1i ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t Hugoniot \/\/ \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i to\u00e0n Nga l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XII v\u1ec1 C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. T.2: C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed. &#8211; Ufa: RIC BashSU, ng\u00e0y 19-24 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 2019, tr.1030-1032.<\/li>\n<li>L\u00ea T. Chung, Melikhov O.I., \u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng k\u00edch n\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng. Vi\u1ec7n FSBSI v\u1ec1 C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo A.Yu. Ishlinsky RAS. S\u00f3ng v\u00e0 xo\u00e1y trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p: H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 10 \u2013 D\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u1ebb; 03-05 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2019 M .: B\u1ea3n in cao c\u1ea5p, 2019. Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, tr.306-308.<\/li>\n<li>Le Tran Chung, O.I Melikhov. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed9n ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng \/\/ H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Khoa h\u1ecdc K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XVI c\u1ee7a Sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 Sinh vi\u00ean sau \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc &#8220;\u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn, K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0110i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec7n&#8221;, 14-15 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2020, NRU &#8221; MPEI \u201d, tr. 763.<\/li>\n<li>L\u00ea Tr\u1ea7n Chung, V. I. Melikhov, O. I. Melikhov, S. E. Yakush. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng xung k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y do v\u1ee1 bong b\u00f3ng h\u01a1i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc\/\/ H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XV &#8220;C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n.&#8221; 06-09 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2020, Saratov.<\/li>\n<li>L\u00ea Tr\u1ea7n Chung, V. I. Melikhov, O. I. Melikhov, S. E. Yakush. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a bong b\u00f3ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t \/\/ H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XV &#8220;C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n&#8221;. 06-09 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2020, Saratov.<\/li>\n<li>L\u00ea Tr\u1ea7n Chung, V. I. Melikhov, O. I. Melikhov, S. E. Yakush. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng sau khi bong b\u00f3ng h\u01a1i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 \/\/ H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf III &#8220;C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n&#8221;. 19-23 \/ 10\/2020, K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, M\u00e1txc\u01a1va, NXB B\u1ed9 KH &amp; \u0110T, 2020, tr. 173-174.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><strong>L\u00ea Tr\u1ea7n Chung<\/strong> <strong>&#8211; Trung t\u00e2m N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129: \u201cNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5 h\u01a1i ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n: L\u00ea Tr\u1ea7n Chung Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh Chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn: Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129 Khoa h\u1ecdc V\u1eadt l\u00fd \u2013 To\u00e1n, Melikhov Oleg Igorievich Khoa Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8665,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8662","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-hoat-dong-cua-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8662","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8662"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8662\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8662"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8662"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8662"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}