{"id":8948,"date":"2022-04-07T08:43:03","date_gmt":"2022-04-07T01:43:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/?p=8948"},"modified":"2022-04-07T08:43:03","modified_gmt":"2022-04-07T01:43:03","slug":"vai-tro-cua-dien-hat-nhan-trong-chuyen-doi-co-cau-dien-nang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/vai-tro-cua-dien-hat-nhan-trong-chuyen-doi-co-cau-dien-nang\/","title":{"rendered":"Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Vi\u1ec7n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam (VINATOM)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia. M\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trong th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 n\u00f3ng \u1ea5m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch. T\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u COP26 th\u00e1ng 11\/2021 \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO<sub>2<\/sub> v\u00e0o 2050\/2060, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n than, gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u00f3a l\u00f2ng (LNG), \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 xem \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (\u0110HN) l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO<sub>2<\/sub> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n. Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra cam k\u1ebft c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng carbon v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m cao, trong khi ngu\u1ed3n thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng Ukraine b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb 24\/2\/2022 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00ed l\u00ean cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho th\u1ea5y an ninh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111ang lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean bang Nga. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8949\" src=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/7.4.22.1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"497\" \/>Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u1ea1m Minh Ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u <\/em><em>t\u1ea1i<\/em><em> H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu COP26 <\/em><em>(<\/em><em>\u1ea2nh TTXVN<\/em><em>)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 3\/2022, tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 441 l\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t 394.000 MWe, c\u00f3 51 l\u00f2 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 54.000 MWe. \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1eabn gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc (32 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n), v\u00e0 xu th\u1ebf \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c C\u01a1 quan N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IAEA), \u00f4ng Rafael Grossi, trong 10 n\u0103m t\u1edbi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u00eam kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee5c n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8950\" src=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/7.4.22.2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"467\" \/>TS. Rafael Mariano Grossi, T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c IAEA ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i <\/em><em>H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 14<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, 93 l\u00f2 \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 96.000 MWe, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p kho\u1ea3ng 20% \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 56 l\u00f2 \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 62.000 MWe, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 75% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t qu\u1ed1c gia. Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 54 l\u00f2 \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t h\u01a1n 51.000 MWe, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p kho\u1ea3ng 5% \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. T\u1eeb sau Fukushima, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh 10 l\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00e1i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c l\u00f2 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh sau COP26, M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn (bao g\u1ed3m l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 LWR ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u00f2 m\u00f4 \u0111un c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf SMR) \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i 52% v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2030 v\u00e0 100% n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch n\u0103m 2035, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nga c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb 20% l\u00ean 37% trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050. Hi\u1ec7n nay Nga l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u l\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nga \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN t\u1ea1i Akkuyu (Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3), Bangladesh v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 III+ (AES2006\/VVER-1200), \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN m\u1edbi (l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 LWR) nh\u01b0 Hungary, Ph\u1ea7n Lan, Czech, Slovakia, Ai C\u1eadp, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9, Ch\u00e2u Phi. Tuy nhi\u00ean do t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh Ukraine v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0110HN c\u1ee7a Nga v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i hu\u1ef7 b\u1ecf (tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i Ukraine v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn n\u1ebfu Nga v\u00e0 Ukraine \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh s\u1edbm). Vi\u1ec7c Nga g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0110HN s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p, ho\u1eb7c H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i k\u00fd k\u1ebft Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n than, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111ang t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u0103ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb 51.000 MWe t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2020 l\u00ean 70.000 MWe v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025 (ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1eb1ng n\u0103m 2020, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 58.000 MWe \u0111\u1eb7t ra). Hi\u1ec7n nay Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 III+ (Hua Long One), \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u01a1 quan Ph\u00e1p quy h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n UK (ONR) \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 \u0110HN, ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u n\u0103m 2035 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 180.000 MWe (kho\u1ea3ng 170-180 l\u00f2, nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i), v\u00e0 n\u0103m 2050 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 270 l\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ng\u00e0nh \u0110HN c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed s\u1ed1 1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho an ninh, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng (t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, t\u00e0u s\u00e2n bay d\u00f9ng l\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n &#8230;) v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb khu v\u1ef1c. V\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0110HN ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Ngo\u00e0i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi UK, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u00e1n l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Hua Long One sang Romania, Argentina, Kenya, \u1ea2 R\u1eadp X\u00ea \u00dat v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u1eb1m trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c &#8220;v\u00e0nh \u0111ai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng&#8221; (d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u 30 l\u00f2 trong 10 n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8951\" src=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/7.4.22.3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"382\" \/>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia <\/em><em>t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn<\/em><em> 31\/12\/2020<\/em><em> (Nuclear Power Reactors in the World, IAEA 2021)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU): Sau s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 Fukushima n\u0103m 2011, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia EU c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3m \u0110HN, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia EU v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN (c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p, Anh (UK), Ph\u1ea7n Lan, Hungary, Czech, Slovakia v.v.), m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN nh\u01b0 Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, Ba Lan. Tuy nhi\u00ean th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, xu th\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN \u0111ang tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t sau khi x\u1ea3y ra chi\u1ebfn tranh Nga &#8211; Ukraine, k\u00e8m theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00ed t\u1eeb Nga (\u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng). G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t, B\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN. \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0110HN v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2022\/2023 (c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00ed). G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, Anh l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng 7 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 25% \u0110HN trong c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, Ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO<sub>2<\/sub>. Song song v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0110i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c Ph\u00e1p EDF x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN m\u1edbi t\u1ea1i Anh Qu\u1ed1c, theo tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Macron m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00eam 14 l\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi (l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf EPR1600 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 III+) \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c l\u00f2 c\u0169 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00eam c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. D\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng 2028, v\u00e0 2035 t\u1ed5 m\u00e1y m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 SMR c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eb7ng (CANDU) t\u1eeb Canada, hi\u1ec7n nay \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 700 MWe. V\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1ed1t, hi\u1ec7n nay \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0110HN, t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim v.v. \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 VVER t\u1eeb Nga, \u0111ang c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00f2 AP1000 trong h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi M\u1ef9, s\u1ebd h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi. Theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y 10 l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eb7ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. L\u00f2 t\u00e1i sinh neutron nhanh (FBR) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u (nh\u01b0 Li\u00ean bang Nga).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110HN th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Hi\u1ec7n nay \u0110HN \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p kho\u1ea3ng 35-40% \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. \u0110HN \u1edf H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7n than (nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u) v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed. H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 III+ (APR1400), xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang Ti\u1ec3u V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u1ea2 R\u1eadp (UAE) 4 l\u00f2 (hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng l\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean). T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eeba \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0110HN v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kho\u1ea3ng 20-22% (ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00e1i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c l\u00f2 c\u0169 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00f2 m\u1edbi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 III+, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 SMR).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cam k\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN. Xu th\u1ebf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng \u0110HN. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u00f2 \u0111ang c\u00f3, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 x\u00e2y m\u1edbi l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 (LWR) c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 III+, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00f2 m\u00f4 \u0111un c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf SMR sau khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>3. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n g\u1ea7n 70 n\u0103m, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0110HN d\u00f9ng l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 (LWR) ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 III+ \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u (th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 II). C\u00e1c l\u00f2 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1eaft khe v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n, nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u an to\u00e0n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra sau Fukushima.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 III+ (51 l\u00f2 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi). Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, kinh nghi\u1ec7m k\u00e8m theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI) v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch (Risk-informed safety &#8212; an to\u00e0n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 r\u1ee7i ro). Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia t\u0103ng, an to\u00e0n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng (active safety) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi an to\u00e0n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng (passive safety), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n, nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00eam trong nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1edbi (c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u01a1m di \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o l\u00f2 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v.v.). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o \u0110HN cao h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cao, n\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 xu th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, khi \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, th\u1eddi gian v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ec9 30-40 n\u0103m th\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng 60 n\u0103m, v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u00e0nh 80 n\u0103m. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cao.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ngo\u00e0i l\u00f2 LWR th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 III+, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 SMR \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n nay. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, SMR l\u00e0 l\u00f2 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf (d\u01b0\u1edbi 300 MWe), \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf (theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft) cao h\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 hi\u1ec7n nay. C\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i SMR \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay: lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 (nh\u01b0 NuScale), v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng (\u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i). M\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc &#8220;c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n&#8221; \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0a ra thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN n\u1ed5i (FNPP) c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m SMR hi\u1ec7n nay. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u00f2 SMR l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (theo c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, c\u1ea7n 20-30 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng). Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 qua m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng. Do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea7n th\u00eam th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n nay tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n SMR l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0110HN v\u1edbi l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn (Hoa K\u1ef3, Canada, Ph\u00e1p, Nga, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Trung Qu\u1ed1c). Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110HN c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn (PWR, VVER, AP1000, Hua Long One &#8230;). V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m \u0110HN, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 SMR \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u1eabn l\u00e0 xa v\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi SMR c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00f3c b\u00faa li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, SMR do c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1ed9ng (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng), h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng cao ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e3o ho\u00e0, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8952\" src=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/7.4.22.4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"555\" height=\"312\" \/>C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n theo k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t (IAEA)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p quy h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n th\u00eam. An to\u00e0n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0110HN ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u00edch l\u0169y qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 trong su\u1ed1t g\u1ea7n 70 n\u0103m t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh \u0110HN. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, an to\u00e0n \u0110HN c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u00ec nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p quy h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN an to\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng;<\/li>\n<li>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0110HN \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch l\u0169y kinh nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n (b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 theo chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, d\u01b0 th\u1eeba h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v.v.), s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai s\u00f3t (ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh &#8230;), \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cao nh\u1ea5t (ASME, DIN, GOST &#8230;) v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t;<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, th\u00e9p v.v.) \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng;<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n;<\/li>\n<li>Quy tr\u00ecnh, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng;<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, duy tu b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t;<\/li>\n<li>Ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m, qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (\u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0m trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 h\u01a1n 10 n\u0103m);<\/li>\n<li>Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u0103n h\u00f3a an to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec;<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0110HN th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi s\u1ebd ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 (LWR) ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 III+ ho\u1eb7c l\u00f2 SMR, tu\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngay c\u1ea3 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 (n\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u1ea5p). V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t tu\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c gia trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n tin c\u1eady c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 an ninh qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v.v.).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>4. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trong xu th\u1ebf chung hi\u1ec7n nay, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh li\u00ean quan (b\u1edfi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00e1ch quan), \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110HN c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u th\u1ebf g\u00ec so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n nay? Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh li\u00ean quan \u0110HN, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>a) \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, \u0110HN \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0110HN tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf (c\u00e1c l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 400-600 MWe), d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n do y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kinh t\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0110HN \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00e1c l\u00f2 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 1000 MWe, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00f2 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 VVER1200 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 1200 MWe), c\u00e1c l\u00f2 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ABWR, APWR c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 1350 MWe. L\u00f2 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 III+ APR1400 c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 1400 MWe. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00f2 EPR1600 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 III+ c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 1600 MWe.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0110HN hi\u1ec7n nay tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 90%, cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n than (kho\u1ea3ng 70-80%), v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o (15-20%). \u0110HN khi \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, s\u1ebd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t danh \u0111\u1ecbnh. Chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0110HN hi\u1ec7n nay th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 12 th\u00e1ng, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 18 th\u00e1ng, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eeb khi n\u1ea1p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00f2 s\u1ebd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c 1 n\u0103m (ho\u1eb7c 1,5 n\u0103m), \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i chung, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y do thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy tu b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao n\u00eam vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110HN th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh cho v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1y ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CHIP, b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v.v.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>b) Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n d\u1ec5 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi\u00ean nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf (nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1t ng\u00f3n tay), m\u1ed7i vi\u00ean nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 1 t\u1ea5n than, ho\u1eb7c 1100 l\u00edt d\u1ea7u hay 900 m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i kh\u00ed. Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00f3 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p, d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 3 m\u00e9t, chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng 30-40 cm, r\u1ea5t g\u1ecdn nh\u1ecf. Do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ee7 cho l\u00f2 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 (12 th\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c 18 th\u00e1ng) ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c t\u1ea5n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f3, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh trong vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1, nhi\u1ec1u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c. Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef cho h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u00f2, v\u00ec th\u1ec3 t\u00edch nh\u1ecf, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong kho chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hi\u1ec7n nay, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n than c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef than. Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i ba tu\u1ea7n. V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n than qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n (than nh\u1eadp) c\u0169ng c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p do kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n d\u00e0i. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed c\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng (LNG) c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e9n kh\u00ed, l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh kh\u00ed, v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. C\u00e1c t\u00e0u ch\u1edf kh\u00ed LNG ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, \u0110HN \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n than v\u00e0 kh\u00ed (hay LNG). V\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n), ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0110HN l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed1t cho an ninh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh (v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef), gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0110HN.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>c) Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110HN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch, v\u00ec h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed carbon trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh (ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ho\u1eb7c khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng). \u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y cho bi\u1ebft con s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea3i ra 12g CO<sub>2<\/sub> tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i 1 kWh.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8953\" src=\"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/7.4.22.5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"288\" \/>So s\u00e1nh ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO<sub>2<\/sub> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>d) \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111i l\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Nhi\u1ec1u trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh, hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng XHCN v\u00e0 TBCN c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi nhau, th\u00ec 2 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 50 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc) v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 (t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc). M\u1ef9, Li\u00ean X\u00f4, hay Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN, v\u00e0 \u0110HN \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Sau n\u00e0y, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0110HN t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 70 (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc), v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110HN, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh hoa h\u1ecdc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, c\u01a1 kh\u00ed ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v.v. \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m qua. Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n nay c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, s\u1ebd lan to\u1ea3 sang c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng minh ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>5. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i, chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu (sau H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb COP26) v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110HN l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tin c\u1eady, l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t, tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. Do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa \u0110HN v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 xu th\u1ebf s\u1ebd th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1996-2009, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb 2010-2016 khi tri\u1ec3n khai 2 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0110HN Ninh Thu\u1eadn. Tuy nhi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0110HN \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i (t\u1eeb 2016). Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh xu th\u1ebf chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cam k\u1ebft theo COP26, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n cung d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00ed (\u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng), c\u00f3 l\u1ebd vi\u1ec7c quay l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0a \u0110HN quay l\u1ea1i, c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN, c\u1ea7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 (LWR) ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 III+, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch l\u0169y nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m qua g\u1ea7n 70 n\u0103m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 \u0111ang v\u00e0 s\u1ebd v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN. L\u00f2 SMR c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai xa, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd n\u1ebfu b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110HN t\u1eeb SMR, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi SMR ch\u01b0a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110HN: \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m (8 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 2 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Dinh v\u00e0 V\u0129nh H\u1ea3i \u1edf Ninh Thu\u1eadn), h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p quy h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v.v. Do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c quay l\u1ea1i \u0110HN s\u1ebd h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu Vi\u1ec7t Nam ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 2016.<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110HN l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, c\u1ea7n 15-20 n\u0103m, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n s\u1edbm c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p cao th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc 2016.<\/li>\n<li>Xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0110HN.<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ea7n gi\u1eef c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110HN \u0111\u00e3 quy ho\u1ea1ch (8 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m), trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng 2 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea1i Ninh Thu\u1eadn (\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t k\u1ef9).<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 t\u00e1i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan tham gia v\u00e0o Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110HN (n\u1ebfu kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i), ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, ph\u00e1t huy hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p quy h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda Lu\u1eadt N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110HN.<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (R&amp;D) n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed m\u1ea1nh (\u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt), v\u1edbi ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, an to\u00e0n \u0110HN. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 chuy\u00ean gia gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 \u0110HN, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi, t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf thu h\u00fat \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 chuy\u00ean gia h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, m\u1eddi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia gi\u1ecfi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf tham gia v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh (t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, trao \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v.v.).<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110HN.\/.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tr\u1ea7n Ch\u00ed Th\u00e0nh Vi\u1ec7n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam (VINATOM) &nbsp; 1. M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u &nbsp; N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia. M\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8949,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8948","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tong-hop"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8948","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8948"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8948\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8948"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8948"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8948"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}