{"id":9285,"date":"2022-06-02T15:33:23","date_gmt":"2022-06-02T08:33:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/?p=9285"},"modified":"2022-06-02T15:33:23","modified_gmt":"2022-06-02T08:33:23","slug":"do-lieu-buc-xa-ca-nhan-bang-chi-dau-sinh-hoc-giai-phap-nang-cao-kha-nang-theo-doi-suc-khoe-nhan-vien-buc-xa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vinatom.gov.vn\/do-lieu-buc-xa-ca-nhan-bang-chi-dau-sinh-hoc-giai-phap-nang-cao-kha-nang-theo-doi-suc-khoe-nhan-vien-buc-xa\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110o li\u1ec1u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea5u sinh h\u1ecdc – Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng theo d\u00f5i s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng b\u01b0\u0301c xa\u0323 ion ho\u0301a \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch to l\u1edbn trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nhi\u1ec1u nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o li\u1ec1u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea5u sinh h\u1ecdc (\u0110o li\u1ec1u sinh h\u1ecdc – \u0110LSH) cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o do b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 g\u00e2y ra [1]. Khi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfu b\u1edfi b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1, c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 (NST) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 NST c\u00f3 hai t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9ng (dicentric), NST v\u00f2ng (ring), NST kh\u00f4ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9ng (fragment), chuy\u1ec3n \u0111o\u1ea1n NST (translocation) (H\u00ecnh 1). Sai h\u00ecnh NST d\u1ea1ng hai t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o lympho m\u00e1u ngo\u1ea1i vi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u201cti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng<\/em>\u201d – ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea5u sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ion h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ly\u0301 t\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng \u0111\u1ec3 sai h\u00ecnh NST d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chi\u0309 d\u1ea5u sinh ho\u0323c cho \u0110LSH \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o sai h\u00ecnh NST hai t\u00e2m khi chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 in vitro<\/em> v\u00e0 in vivo <\/em>l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau; \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng chu\u1ea9n li\u1ec1u \u2013 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi su\u1ea5t li\u1ec1u v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 (alpha, beta, gamma, tia X, n\u01a1tron); C\u00e1c sai h\u00ecnh NST hai t\u00e2m v\u00e2\u0303n t\u00f4\u0300n ta\u0323i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i sau chi\u00ea\u0301u xa\u0323; M\u1ee9c ph\u00f4ng sai h\u00ecnh NST hai t\u00e2m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean la\u0300 r\u1ea5t th\u00e2\u0301p; C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u0300nh tra\u0323ng chi\u00ea\u0301u to\u00e0n th\u00e2n hay b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn; K\u00ea\u0301t qua\u0309 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng l\u00e2m sa\u0300ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng; C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2\u0301y m\u00e2\u0303u m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u00ea\u0303 da\u0300ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y t\u00f4\u0309n ha\u0323i \u0111\u00ea\u0301n c\u01a1 th\u00ea\u0309 [2].<\/p>\n

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$\"\"$ H\u00ecnh 1. C\u00e1c sai h\u00ecnh NST \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng do b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ion h\u00f3a<\/em><\/p>\n

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\u0110LSH \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tin c\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1. Trong tai n\u1ea1n \u1edf Goiania (Brazil, 1997), c\u00f3 129 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfu b\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n ^{137<\/sup>Cs, k\u00ea\u0301t qua\u0309 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cho th\u1ea5y 21 tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng h\u01a1\u0323p c\u00f3 li\u1ec1u v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 1 Gy, 8 tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng h\u01a1\u0323p v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 4 Gy, trong \u0111o\u0301 co\u0301 6 tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng h\u01a1\u0323p bi\u0323 chi\u00ea\u0301u cu\u0323c b\u00f4\u0323 theo ki\u00ea\u0309m \u0111i\u0323nh ph\u00e2n b\u00f4\u0301 Poisson [3]. Trong tai na\u0323n \u01a1\u0309 Tokaimura (Nh\u00e2\u0323t Ba\u0309n, 1999), ca\u0301c na\u0323n nh\u00e2n bi\u0323 chi\u00ea\u0301u b\u01a1\u0309i ngu\u00f4\u0300n n\u01a1tron va\u0300 gamma, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0110LSH \u0111a\u0303 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec1u h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 cho 3 na\u0323n nh\u00e2n l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 24,5; 8,3 v\u00e0 3,0 Gy. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o ^{24<\/sup>Na trong m\u00e1u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o [4]. Trong s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u1edf Fukushima (Nh\u00e2\u0323t B\u1ea3n, 2011), k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0110LSH cho 10 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lu\u0301c xa\u0309y ra tai na\u0323n va\u0300 nghi ng\u01a1\u0300 bi\u0323 chi\u00ea\u0301u li\u00ea\u0300u cao cho th\u00e2\u0301y kh\u00f4ng co\u0301 tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng h\u01a1\u0323p na\u0300o bi\u0323 chi\u00ea\u0301u v\u01b0\u01a1\u0323t qua\u0301 300 mGy [5]. \u0110LSH \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb y t\u1ebf k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n}}

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Hi\u1ec7n nay, tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0110LSH (h\u01a1n 84 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m) – WHO BioDoseNet do t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp [6]. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u1edf t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m li\u00ean k\u1ebft – ARADOS (Ch\u00e2u \u00c1), RENEB (Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u), LBDNet (Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 Latin) v\u00e0 B\u1eafc M\u1ef9. C\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0110LSH trong m\u1ea1ng WHO BioDoseNet\u00a0<\/em>\u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 19238 \u201cRadiological protection – Performance criteria for service laboratories performing biological dosimetry by cytogenetics<\/em>\u201d, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt n\u0103m 2014.<\/p>\n

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$\"\"$ H\u00ecnh 2. M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m thu\u1ed9c WHO BioDoseNet \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020 <\/em>[11]<\/p>\n

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\u00dd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0110LSH trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n (NCHN) \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0110LSH (t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1986), hi\u1ec7n nay Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n TCVN 10805 \u201cB\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 – Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00f2ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111o li\u1ec1u sinh h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc t\u1ebf b\u00e0o\u201d<\/em>; v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi WHO BioDoseNet v\u00e0 ARADOS. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh li\u00ean ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a RENEB (Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u) n\u0103m 2017, 2021 v\u00e0 KIRAMS (H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c) n\u0103m 2016 m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n NCHN \u0111\u00e3 tham gia lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao.<\/p>\n

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$\"\"$ H\u00ecnh 3. Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0110LSH c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n<\/em><\/p>\n

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Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1t cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1, \u0111\u00e3 \u0110LSH cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang trong s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 r\u01a1i ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y C\u00f4ng ty Huyndai-Vinashin (Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a, 2002), C\u00f4ng ty Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n V\u0169ng T\u00e0u (2007, 2008), C\u00f4ng ty Lilama 45.1 Dung Qu\u1ea5t (Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, 2008),… Hi\u1ec7n nay, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0110LSH trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0110LSH c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 – nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd y t\u1ebf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

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Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u1ecdc Duy, Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7: <\/em><\/p>\n

Trung t\u00e2m C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 & C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n<\/em><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i: 0263 3822234; 0918.602.605<\/em><\/p>\n

Email: phamngocduynri@gmail.com<\/em><\/p>\n

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T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n

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[1] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Cytogenetic Dosimetry: Applications in Preparedness for and Response to Radiation Emergencies, EPR \u2013 Biodosimetry, WHO, IAEA, Vienna, 2011.<\/span><\/p>\n

[2] PATAJE G.S. PRASANNA and C. NORMAN COLEMAN, \u201cMedical Consequences of Radiological and Nuclear Weapons\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

[3] The radiological accident in Goiania, IAEA, Vienna, 1988.<\/span><\/p>\n

[4] Hayata I, Kanda R, Minamihisamatsu M, Furukawa M, Sasaki MS. Cytogenetical dose estimation for 3 severely exposed patients in the JCO criticality accident in Tokai-mura, Send to J Radiat Res.: S149-55, 2001.<\/span><\/p>\n

[5] Yumiko Suto, Momoki Hirai, Miho Akiyama, Gen Kobashi, Masanari Itokawa, Makoto Akashi, Nobuyuki Sugiura. Biodosimetry of Restoration Workers for The Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident, Health Physics. Volume 105, Issue 4, p366\u2013373, 2013.<\/span><\/p>\n

[6] R.C. Wilkins, D.C. Lloyd, N.A. Maznyk, Z. Carr, 2022. The international biodosimetry capacity, capabilities, needs and challenges: The 3rd WHO BioDoseNet survey results. Environmental Advances 8, 2022.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"